## Shabbat Daf 73b

###### Shabbat 73b:1
[Shabbat 73b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:1)

**גְּמָ׳** מִנְיָנָא לְמָה לִי? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: שֶׁאִם עֲשָׂאָן כּוּלָּם בְּהֶעְלֵם אֶחָד — חַיָּיב עַל כׇּל אַחַת וְאַחַת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** We learned in the mishna that the primary categories of labor number forty-less-one. The Gemara asks: **Why do I need** this **tally? Rabbi Yoḥanan said:** The tally was included to teach **that if he performed all of** the prohibited labors **in** the course of **one lapse of awareness,** during which he was unaware of the prohibition involved, **he is liable for each and every one.**


###### Shabbat 73b:2
[Shabbat 73b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:2)

הַזּוֹרֵעַ וְהַחוֹרֵשׁ. מִכְּדֵי מִכְרָב כָּרְבִי בְּרֵישָׁא, לִיתְנֵי חוֹרֵשׁ וַהֲדַר לִיתְנֵי זוֹרֵעַ! תַּנָּא בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל קָאֵי דְּזָרְעִי בְּרֵישָׁא וַהֲדַר כָּרְבִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
We learned in the mishna, among those liable for performing primary categories of labor: **One who sows, and one who plows.** The Gemara asks: **Since, after all,** in terms of **plowing, one plows first** and only then sows, **let** the *tanna* **teach** first **one who plows, and afterward let him teach one who sows.** The Gemara answers: The ***tanna*** ordered the mishna **based** on the practice **in Eretz Yisrael, where** they **sow first and then plow.** In Eretz Yisrael, the practice was to plow a second time after sowing to cover the seeds.


###### Shabbat 73b:3
[Shabbat 73b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:3)

תָּנָא: הַזּוֹרֵעַ, וְהַזּוֹמֵר, וְהַנּוֹטֵעַ, וְהַמַּבְרִיךְ, וְהַמַּרְכִּיב — כּוּלָּן מְלָאכָה אַחַת הֵן. מַאי קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן? [הָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן] הָעוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכוֹת הַרְבֵּה מֵעֵין מְלָאכָה אַחַת אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת. אָמַר רַבִּי אַחָא, אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אָשֵׁי, אָמַר רַבִּי אַמֵּי: זוֹמֵר חַיָּיב מִשּׁוּם נוֹטֵעַ, וְהַנּוֹטֵעַ וְהַמַּבְרִיךְ וְהַמַּרְכִּיב חַיָּיב מִשּׁוּם זוֹרֵעַ. מִשּׁוּם זוֹרֵעַ אִין, מִשּׁוּם נוֹטֵעַ לָא? אֵימָא: אַף מִשּׁוּם זוֹרֵעַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
A *baraita* **is taught** with regard to the prohibited labor of sowing: **One who sows, and one who prunes** the branches of vines to accelerate their growth, **and one who plants, and one who bends** the branch of a vine or a tree into the ground so that it takes root while still attached to the trunk, **and one who grafts** the branch of one tree onto another have **all** performed **one** type of **labor,** as they all stimulate plant growth. The Gemara asks: **What is** the *baraita* **teaching us?** The Gemara explains: **This teaches us** that **one who** unwittingly **performs numerous prohibited labors** subsumed under a **single** primary category **of labor,** like those listed in the *baraita*, **is liable to** bring **only one** sin-offering, since they are considered aspects of the same labor. **Rabbi Aḥa said** that **Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Ashi said** that **Rabbi Ami said: One who prunes is liable for** the labor of **planting. And one who plants, and one who bends, and one who grafts is liable for** the labor of **sowing.** The Gemara is surprised at this: Is that to say that one who bends and one who grafts a branch, **for sowing, yes,** he is liable; **for planting, no,** he is **not** liable? These labors, performed on trees, are more similar to planting. Rather, **say** as follows: One is liable **even for sowing,** as with regard to the *halakhot* of Shabbat there is no difference between sowing and planting.


###### Shabbat 73b:4
[Shabbat 73b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:4)

אָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא: זוֹמֵר וְצָרִיךְ לָעֵצִים — חַיָּיב שְׁתַּיִם: אַחַת מִשּׁוּם קוֹצֵר, וְאַחַת מִשּׁוּם נוֹטֵעַ. אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: הַאי מַאן דְּקָטֵל אַסְפַּסְתָּא חַיָּיב שְׁתַּיִם: אַחַת מִשּׁוּם קוֹצֵר, וְאַחַת מִשּׁוּם נוֹטֵעַ. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הַאי מַאן דְּקָנֵיב סִילְקָא חַיָּיב שְׁתַּיִם: אַחַת מִשּׁוּם קוֹצֵר, וְאַחַת מִשּׁוּם זוֹרֵעַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Kahana said:** One who **prunes** a tree **and needs the wood** that he hewed from the tree for fuel or some other purpose **is liable to** bring **two** sin-offerings: **One** sin-offering **due to** the labor of **reaping,** like anyone who severs an item from the ground for the purpose of harvesting the detached object, and **one** sin-offering **due to** the labor of **planting,** since he thereby stimulates growth of the plant. Similarly, **Rav Yosef said: One who reaps alfalfa is liable to** bring **two** sin-offerings: **One due to reaping,** since he is cutting the plant for animal feed, **and one due to planting,** since cutting stimulates the growth of the alfalfa. Similarly, **Abaye said: One who cuts beet leaves is liable to** bring **two** sin-offerings: **One due to reaping and one due to sowing.**


###### Shabbat 73b:5
[Shabbat 73b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:5)

וְהַחוֹרֵשׁ. תָּנָא: הַחוֹרֵשׁ וְהַחוֹפֵר וְהַחוֹרֵץ כּוּלָּן מְלָאכָה אַחַת הֵן. אָמַר רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: הָיְתָה לוֹ גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית וּנְטָלָהּ, בַּבַּיִת — חַיָּיב מִשּׁוּם בּוֹנֶה, בַּשָּׂדֶה — חַיָּיב מִשּׁוּם חוֹרֵשׁ. אָמַר רָבָא: הָיְתָה לוֹ גּוּמָּא וּטְמָמָהּ, בַּבַּיִת — חַיָּיב מִשּׁוּם בּוֹנֶה, בַּשָּׂדֶה — מִשּׁוּם חוֹרֵשׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
We learned in the mishna among those liable for performing primary categories of labor: **One who plows.** A *tanna* **taught** in a *baraita* with regard to the labor of plowing: **One who plows, and one who digs, and one who makes a furrow** in the ground have **all** performed **one** type of **labor. Rav Sheshet said: One who had a mound** of earth **and removed it in the house,** thereby evening the surface, **is liable due to** the labor of **building,** as he thereby engages in construction of the house. **In the field, he is liable due to** the labor of **plowing.** Similarly, **Rava said: One who had a hole and filled it, in the house he is liable due to** the labor of **building. In the field, he is liable due to** the labor of **plowing.**


###### Shabbat 73b:6
[Shabbat 73b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:6)

אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא: הַחוֹפֵר גּוּמָּא בְּשַׁבָּת וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ אֶלָּא לַעֲפָרָהּ — פָּטוּר עָלֶיהָ. וַאֲפִילּוּ לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, דְּאָמַר מְלָאכָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְגוּפָהּ חַיָּיב עָלֶיהָ — הָנֵי מִילֵּי מְתַקֵּן, הַאי — מְקַלְקֵל הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Abba said: One who digs a hole on Shabbat and** digs the hole **only** because he **needs its dirt is exempt for** that act, which is not the labor of digging prohibited on Shabbat by Torah law. **And even according to Rabbi Yehuda,** who **said** that in general one who performs **labor that is not necessary for its own sake,** i.e., he performs the labor for a purpose other than the direct result of that action, **is liable for it;** that ruling **applies only** to a purpose that is **constructive.** However, **this** purpose is **destructive,** as one performs an act that unnecessarily mars the surface of the ground. Therefore, Rabbi Yehuda would agree that in this case he is exempt.


###### Shabbat 73b:7
[Shabbat 73b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:7)

וְהַקּוֹצֵר. תָּנָא: הַקּוֹצֵר, הַבּוֹצֵר, וְהַגּוֹדֵר וְהַמַּסִּיק, וְהָאוֹרֶה — כּוּלָּן מְלָאכָה אַחַת. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: הַאי מַאן דִּשְׁדָא פִּיסָּא לְדִיקְלָא וְאַתַּר תַּמְרֵי חַיָּיב שְׁתַּיִם: אַחַת מִשּׁוּם תּוֹלֵשׁ, וְאַחַת מִשּׁוּם מְפָרֵק. רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר: אֵין דֶּרֶךְ תְּלִישָׁה בְּכָךְ, וְאֵין דֶּרֶךְ פְּרִיקָה בְּכָךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** we learned in the mishna, among those liable for performing primary categories of labor: **One who reaps. It was taught** in a *Tosefta* with regard to the labor of reaping: **One who reaps,** and **one who picks** grapes, **and one who harvests** dates, **and one who collects** olives, **and one who gathers** figs have **all** performed **one** type of **labor,** as they all involve picking fruit. **Rav Pappa said: One who threw a clod** of earth **at a palm tree and severed dates is liable to** bring **two** sin-offerings: **One due to severing,** which is a subcategory of the primary category of reaping; **and one for extracting,** which is a subcategory of the primary category of threshing, as he removes something edible, the date, from its cover, its cluster. **Rav Ashi said:** In that case, one is exempt, since **that is not the** typical **manner of severing, and that is not the** typical **manner of extracting,** and one who performs a labor in an atypical manner is exempt.


###### Shabbat 73b:8
[Shabbat 73b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:8)

וְהַמְעַמֵּר. אָמַר רָבָא: הַאי מַאן דְּכָנֵיף מִילְחָא מִמִּלְחֲתָא חַיָּיב מִשּׁוּם מְעַמֵּר. אַבָּיֵי אָמַר: אֵין עִימּוּר אֶלָּא בְּגִידּוּלֵי קַרְקַע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** we learned in the mishna, among those liable for performing primary categories of labor: **One who gathers. Rava said: One who gathers salt from salt pools is liable due to** the labor of **gathering,** as he gathers a substance from the field into a pile. **Abaye said:** That is not so, as the prohibition of **gathering** by Torah law applies **only to** produce **that grows from the ground.**


###### Shabbat 73b:9
[Shabbat 73b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:9)

וְהַדָּשׁ. תָּנָא: הַדָּשׁ, וְהַמְנַפֵּץ, וְהַמְנַפֵּט — כּוּלָּן מְלָאכָה אַחַת הֵן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** we learned in the mishna, among those liable for performing primary categories of labor: **One who threshes.** A *tanna* **taught** in a *Tosefta*: **One who threshes, and one who beats** flax to remove it from the hard cover of its stalk, **and one who strikes** a cotton plant to remove the cotton seeds have **all** performed **one** type of **labor.**


###### Shabbat 73b:10
[Shabbat 73b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/73b:10)

הַזּוֹרֶה, הַבּוֹרֵר, וְהַטּוֹחֵן, וְהַמְרַקֵּד. הַיְינוּ זוֹרֶה, הַיְינוּ בּוֹרֵר, הַיְינוּ מְרַקֵּד. אַבָּיֵי וְרָבָא דְּאָמְרִי תַּרְוַיְיהוּ: כׇּל מִילְּתָא דַּהֲוַאי בְּמִשְׁכָּן,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** we learned in the mishna, among those liable for performing primary categories of labor: **One who winnows, and one who selects, and one who grinds, and one who sifts.** The Gemara asks: The prohibited labor of **winnowing is the same as** the prohibited labor of **selecting,** which **is the same as** the prohibited labor of **sifting.** They are all identical in the manner in which they are performed and have the same objective: Separating food from the accompanying waste. Why was it necessary to list them all? An answer was provided by **Abaye and Rava, who both said** and established a principle: **Any manner** of labor **that was** performed **in the Tabernacle,** for the purposes of the Tabernacle,