## Shabbat Daf 74a

###### Shabbat 74a:1
[Shabbat 74a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/74a:1)

אַף עַל גַּב דְּאִיכָּא דְּדָמְיָא לַהּ — חָשֵׁיב לַהּ. וְלִיחְשֹׁב נָמֵי כּוֹתֵשׁ! אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: שֶׁכֵּן עָנִי אוֹכֵל פִּתּוֹ בְּלֹא כְּתִישָׁה. רָבָא אָמַר: הָא מַנִּי — רַבִּי הִיא, דְּאָמַר אֲבוֹת מְלָאכוֹת אַרְבָּעִים חָסֵר אַחַת, וְאִי חָשֵׁיב כּוֹתֵשׁ הָוְיָא לֵיהּ אַרְבָּעִים. וְלַיפֵּיק חֲדָא מֵהָנָךְ וּלְעַיֵּיל כּוֹתֵשׁ! אֶלָּא מְחַוַּורְתָּא כִּדְאַבָּיֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**even though there is** a different labor **that is similar to it,** the mishna **enumerated it.** Every labor that was performed in the Tabernacle is significant. The Gemara asks: **And let him enumerate** the labor of **pounding as well,** as wheat was pounded to remove its outer kernel in the Tabernacle. **Abaye said:** The labor of pounding is not one of the essential stages in the baking of bread, **as paupers eat their bread without pounding** the wheat to remove the bran. Therefore, since the *tanna* enumerated threshing, there was no need to include pounding among the labors enumerated in the breadmaking process. **Rava said** a different explanation: **Who is** the *tanna* of **this** mishna? **It is Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi, who **said:** The **primary categories of labor are forty-less-one,** a number derived from a textual allusion. Therefore, the list cannot be expanded. **And had** the *tanna* **enumerated pounding, there would be forty** labors rather than thirty-nine. The Gemara asks: **And let him take out one of these,** selecting or winnowing, **and insert pounding,** thereby leaving the number intact. **Rather,** the reason that the *tanna* did not include pounding **is clear, according to** the explanation of **Abaye.**


###### Shabbat 74a:2
[Shabbat 74a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/74a:2)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הָיוּ לְפָנָיו מִינֵי אוֹכָלִין — בּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל, בּוֹרֵר וּמַנִּיחַ. וְלֹא יִבְרוֹר, וְאִם בֵּירַר — חַיָּיב חַטָּאת. מַאי קָאָמַר? אָמַר עוּלָּא, הָכִי קָאָמַר: בּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל לְבוֹ בַּיּוֹם, וּבוֹרֵר וּמַנִּיחַ לְבוֹ בַּיּוֹם. וּלְמָחָר לֹא יִבְרוֹר, וְאִם בֵּירַר — חַיָּיב חַטָּאת. מַתְקִיף לַהּ רַב חִסְדָּא: וְכִי מוּתָּר לֶאֱפוֹת לְבוֹ בַּיּוֹם? וְכִי מוּתָּר לְבַשֵּׁל לְבוֹ בַּיּוֹם?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita* with regard to the laws of selecting: **If there were** several **types of food before him,** and he wants to remove one or more from the mixture, **one selects and eats, selects and puts** aside. **And one may not select, and if one did select, he is liable to** bring **a sin-offering.** The Gemara asks: **What is** the *baraita* **saying?** The end of this *baraita* contradicts the beginning. **Ulla said: It is saying as follows: One selects and eats** if he is doing so **for** the purpose of **that day,** Shabbat. **And** he **selects and puts** aside food **for** the purpose of **that day. And one may not select** for the purpose of **the next day. And if one did select** for the next day, **he is liable to** bring **a sin-offering. Rav Ḥisda strongly objects to this** explanation: **And is it permitted to bake for that day, and is it permitted to cook for that day?** No other labor prohibited on Shabbat may be performed for the purpose of Shabbat, and the same should hold true for selecting.


###### Shabbat 74a:3
[Shabbat 74a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/74a:3)

אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: בּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר, בּוֹרֵר וּמַנִּיחַ פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר. וּכְשִׁיעוּר לֹא יִבְרוֹר, וְאִם בֵּירַר — חַיָּיב חַטָּאת. מַתְקִיף לַהּ רַב יוֹסֵף: וְכִי מוּתָּר לֶאֱפוֹת פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר? אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: בּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל בַּיָּד, בּוֹרֵר וּמַנִּיחַ בַּיָּד. בְּקָנוֹן וּבְתַמְחוּי לֹא יִבְרוֹר, וְאִם בֵּירַר — פָּטוּר אֲבָל אָסוּר, וּבְנָפָה וּבִכְבָרָה לֹא יִבְרוֹר, וְאִם בֵּירַר — חַיָּיב חַטָּאת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, Rav Ḥisda said** it is to be understood as follows: **One selects and eats less than the measure** of a dried fig-bulk, which is the smallest amount for which one is liable by Torah law. One **selects and puts** aside **less than that measure. And one may not select the measure** of a dried fig-bulk, **and if one did select** that measure, **he is liable to** bring **a sin-offering. Rav Yosef strongly objects to this** explanation: **And is it permitted to bake less than the measure for liability** *ab initio*? Although performing a prohibited labor on a minute measure does not engender liability, it is prohibited. Therefore, the *baraita* cannot be interpreted as saying that one may *ab initio* select an amount that is less than the measure for liability. **Rather, Rav Yosef said: One selects and eats by hand, selects and put** aside **by hand.** However, **with a basket [*kanon*] or with a plate,** both of which are large, flat vessels used for sorting sizeable quantities, **one may not select** *ab initio*. **And if he did select, he is exempt** from bringing a sin-offering if he did so unwittingly. If he did so intentionally he is exempt from stoning. **However, it is prohibited. And one may not select with a sieve or with a sifter. And if he did select** with those utensils, **he is liable to** bring **a sin-offering.**


###### Shabbat 74a:4
[Shabbat 74a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/74a:4)

מַתְקִיף לַהּ רַב הַמְנוּנָא: מִידֵּי קָנוֹן וְתַמְחוּי קָתָנֵי? אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב הַמְנוּנָא: בּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל אוֹכֶל מִתּוֹךְ הַפְּסוֹלֶת, בּוֹרֵר וּמַנִּיחַ אוֹכֶל מִתּוֹךְ הַפְּסוֹלֶת. פְּסוֹלֶת מִתּוֹךְ אוֹכֶל לֹא יִבְרוֹר, וְאִם בֵּירַר — חַיָּיב חַטָּאת. מַתְקִיף לַהּ אַבָּיֵי: מִידֵּי אוֹכֶל מִתּוֹךְ פְּסוֹלֶת קָתָנֵי? אֶלָּא אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: בּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל לְאַלְתַּר, וּבוֹרֵר וּמַנִּיחַ לְאַלְתַּר, וּלְבוֹ בַּיּוֹם — לֹא יִבְרוֹר, וְאִם בֵּירַר — נַעֲשָׂה כְּבוֹרֵר לָאוֹצָר וְחַיָּיב חַטָּאת. אַמְרוּהָ רַבָּנַן קַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא, אֲמַר לְהוּ: שַׁפִּיר אָמַר נַחְמָנִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Hamnuna strongly objects to this: Does** the mishna **teach anything** about **a basket or a plate?** Rav Yosef’s explanation is based on the addition of details that do not appear in the *baraita* either. **Rather, Rav Hamnuna said: One selects and eats** if he is removing **food from the waste,** and similarly, **selects and puts** aside if he is removing **food from the waste.** However, **one may not select waste from food, and if he did select** in that manner, **he is liable to** bring **a sin-offering.** The typical method of selecting is the removal of waste from the food. An individual who alters the procedure is not liable. **Abaye strongly objects to this: Does** the mishna **teach anything** about **food from waste?** That detail is not mentioned in the *baraita* either. **Rather, Abaye said: One selects and eats** if he is removing food for **immediate** use, and similarly **one selects and puts** aside for **immediate** use. However, **one may not select for** use later **that same day. And if he did select, he is considered like one who selects for storage, and he is liable to** bring **a sin-offering.** This explanation requires no emendation of the mishna. It is merely an interpretation of the phrase: One selects and eats, as referring to selecting for immediate use. The Gemara relates that **the Sages stated** Abaye’s explanation of the *baraita* **before Rava. He said to them: Naḥmani,** Abaye, **spoke well.**


###### Shabbat 74a:5
[Shabbat 74a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/74a:5)

הָיוּ לְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי מִינֵי אוֹכָלִין, וּבֵירַר וְאָכַל, וּבֵירַר וְהִנִּיחַ. רַב אָשֵׁי מַתְנֵי: פָּטוּר, רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה מִדִּיפְתִּי מַתְנֵי: חַיָּיב. רַב אָשֵׁי מַתְנֵי פָּטוּר, וְהָא תָּנֵי חַיָּיב! לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא בְּקָנוֹן וְתַמְחוּי, הָא בְּנָפָה וּכְבָרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Until this point, the Gemara discussed selecting food from waste. The Gemara proceeds to discuss a different case. If **there were two types of foods before him, and he selected and ate** one type, **and selected and put** aside one type, **Rav Ashi taught:** He is **exempt. Rav Yirmeya from Difti taught:** He is **liable. Rav Ashi taught:** He is **exempt.** The Gemara asks: **Wasn’t it taught** in a *baraita* that in that case **he is liable?** The Gemara answers: This is **not difficult: This,** where Rav Ashi said that he is exempt, is referring to a case where he selects **by** means of **a basket or a plate,** as that method of selecting is not considered expert work; and **that,** where the *baraita* said he is liable, is in a case where he selects **by** means of **a sieve or a sifter,** as that method of selecting is considered expert work.


###### Shabbat 74a:6
[Shabbat 74a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/74a:6)

כִּי אֲתָא רַב דִּימִי, אָמַר: שַׁבְּתָא דְּרַב בִּיבִי הֲוַאי, וְאִיקְּלַעוּ רַבִּי אַמֵּי וְרַבִּי אַסִּי, שְׁדָא קַמַּיְיהוּ כַּלְכַּלָּה דְפֵירֵי. וְלָא יָדַעְנָא אִי מִשּׁוּם דְּסָבַר אוֹכֶל מִתּוֹךְ פְּסוֹלֶת אָסוּר, אִי מִשּׁוּם עַיִן יָפָה הוּא דְּמִכַּוֵּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates that **when Rav Dimi came** from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia **he said: It was the Shabbat** of **Rav Beivai** to serve food to the students, **and Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi happened** to come to his house. **He placed before them a basket of fruits** without removing the leaves and the stems. **And I do not know whether** he did so **because he holds** that it **is prohibited** to select **food from waste** when it is not for immediate consumption, **or whether** he did so **because he intended to** show **generosity to** his guests by creating the impression that the basket was full. A fruit-filled basket conveys to the guests that there is plenty and that they may take as much as they wish. Therefore, there is no clear proof from this incident.


###### Shabbat 74a:7
[Shabbat 74a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/74a:7)

חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר: הַבּוֹרֵר תּוּרְמוֹסִים מִתּוֹךְ פְּסוֹלֶת שֶׁלָּהֶן — חַיָּיב. לֵימָא קָסָבַר חִזְקִיָּה אוֹכֶל מִתּוֹךְ פְּסוֹלֶת אָסוּר? שָׁאנֵי תּוּרְמוֹסָא

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Ḥizkiya said: One who selects lupines from their waste** after boiling them **is liable** for performing the prohibited labor of selecting. The Gemara asks: **Let us say,** based on this statement, that **Ḥizkiya holds** that even selecting **food from waste is prohibited.** The Gemara rejects this proof: **Lupines are different,**