## Shabbat Daf 77a

###### Shabbat 77a:1
[Shabbat 77a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/77a:1)

תְּנֵינָא: הַמּוֹצִיא יַיִן — כְּדֵי מְזִיגַת כּוֹס, וְתָנֵי עֲלַהּ: כְּדֵי מְזִיגַת כּוֹס יָפֶה. וְקָתָנֵי סֵיפָא: ״וּשְׁאָר כׇּל הַמַּשְׁקִין בִּרְבִיעִית״. וְרָבָא לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר רָבָא: כֹּל חַמְרָא דְּלָא דָּרֵי עַל חַד תְּלָת מַיָּא לָאו חַמְרָא הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**learned** that in the mishna: **One who carries out** undiluted **wine** is only liable if he carries out a measure **equivalent to** the wine typically **diluted** for **a cup. And it was taught with regard to** the mishna: A measure **equivalent to** the wine **diluted** for **a significant cup** of wine. **And it was taught in the latter** clause of the mishna: **And** the measure that determines liability for carrying out **all other liquids** is **a quarter** of a *log*. Since a quarter of a *log* is the significant measure for liquids, that is also the significant measure for diluted wine. **And Rava** is consistent with **his** line of **reasoning,** as **Rava said: Any wine that does not hold one** part wine diluted by **three** parts **water is not wine.** Wine must be sufficiently potent to be capable of being diluted with water three times its measure.


###### Shabbat 77a:2
[Shabbat 77a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/77a:2)

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: שְׁתֵּי תְּשׁוּבוֹת בַּדָּבָר — חֲדָא, דִּתְנַן: וְהַמָּזוּג שְׁנֵי חֶלְקֵי מַיִם וְאֶחָד יַיִן, מִן הַיַּיִן הַשֵּׁירוֹנִי. וְעוֹד: מַיִם בַּכַּד וּמִצְטָרְפִין?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said:** There are **two** possible **responses with regard to** this **matter. One, as we learned** in a mishna: **Diluted wine,** which is used to determine the exact color of red, is **two parts water and one** part **wine from the wine of the Sharon.** Apparently, wine constitutes one-third and not one-quarter of the diluted cup. **And furthermore:** Rava’s opinion is that the measure that determines liability for carrying out wine is a measure that, when diluted, would equal a quarter of a *log*, i.e., a quarter of a quarter of a *log* of undiluted wine. Is it possible that the **water is in the jug and** yet **joins together** with the wine? The wine that he is carrying out is less than the required measure and is not fit for drinking.


###### Shabbat 77a:3
[Shabbat 77a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/77a:3)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: הָא דְּקָאָמְרַתְּ שְׁנֵי חֶלְקֵי מַיִם וְאֶחָד יַיִן מִן הַיַּיִן הַשֵּׁירוֹנִי — יַיִן הַשֵּׁירוֹנִי לְחוּד, דְּרָפֵי. אִי נָמֵי, הָתָם מִשּׁוּם חֲזוּתָא, אֲבָל לְטַעְמָא בָּעֵי טְפֵי. וּדְקָאָמְרַתְּ: מַיִם בַּכַּד וּמִצְטָרְפִין — לְעִנְיַן שַׁבָּת מִידֵּי דַּחֲשִׁיב בָּעֵינַן, וְהָא נָמֵי — הָא חֲשִׁיב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said to him: That which you said that** the dilution ratio that determines the color red is **two parts water and one** part **wine, from the wine of the Sharon,** is no proof. **Wine of the Sharon** is **unique** in that it **is weak,** and therefore two parts of water are sufficient to dilute it. **Alternatively, there** the dilution ratio mentioned is **for** determining the **appearance** of the color red; **however, for** the purpose **of taste, more** water **is necessary. And that which you said:** Is it possible that the **water is in the jug and** yet **joins together** with the wine? **With regard to** the liability of carrying out on **Shabbat, we require an object that is significant, and this** quarter of a quarter of a *log* of wine **is also significant.**


###### Shabbat 77a:4
[Shabbat 77a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/77a:4)

תָּנָא: יָבֵשׁ בִּכְזַיִת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי נָתָן. אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: רַבִּי נָתָן וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָמְרוּ דָּבָר אֶחָד. רַבִּי נָתָן — הָא דַּאֲמַרַן, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: שִׁשָּׁה דְּבָרִים מִקּוּלֵּי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחוּמְרֵי בֵּית הִלֵּל. דַּם נְבֵלָה — בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַמְּאִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה: אַף כְּשֶׁטִּמְּאוּ בֵּית הִלֵּל, לֹא טִמְּאוּ אֶלָּא בְּדָם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רְבִיעִית, הוֹאִיל וְיָכוֹל לִקְרוֹשׁ וְלַעֲמוֹד עַל כְּזַיִת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
A *tanna* **taught** in a *Tosefta*: The measure that determines liability for carrying out **congealed** wine on Shabbat is **an olive-bulk;** this is **the statement of Rabbi Natan. Rav Yosef said: Rabbi Natan and Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, said the same thing. Rabbi Natan’s** statement is **that which we** just **stated. And** the statement of **Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda,** is **as it was taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yehuda says: Six matters are among the leniencies of Beit Shammai and among the stringencies of Beit Hillel.** They include **the blood of a carcass. Beit Shammai deem** it **ritually pure,** as, in their opinion, only the flesh of a carcass imparts impurity; **and Beit Hillel deem** it **ritually impure. Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, said: Even when Beit Hillel deemed** it **impure, they deemed impure only** a measure of **blood that contains a quarter** of a *log*, **since it can congeal and constitute an olive-bulk.** Rav Yosef draws a parallel between the two opinions. Both *tanna’im* agree that a quarter of a *log* of liquid congeals to the size of an olive-bulk.


###### Shabbat 77a:5
[Shabbat 77a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/77a:5)

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: דִּילְמָא לָא הִיא. עַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי נָתָן הָכָא דִּכְזַיִת בָּעֵי רְבִיעִית — אֶלָּא בְּיַיִן דִּקְלִישׁ, אֲבָל בְּדָם דִּסְמִיךְ — כְּזַיִת לָא בָּעֵי רְבִיעִית. אִי נָמֵי, עַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה הָתָם דִּכְזַיִת סַגִּי לֵיהּ בִּרְבִיעִית — אֶלָּא בְּדָם דִּסְמִיךְ, אֲבָל יַיִן דִּקְלִישׁ — כְּזַיִת הָוֵי יוֹתֵר מֵרְבִיעִית, וְכִי מַפֵּיק פָּחוֹת מִכְּזַיִת לִיחַיַּיב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said: Perhaps that is not** the case, as **Rabbi Natan said** that **a quarter** of a *log* **is required only here, with regard to wine,** which **is liquid; however, with regard to blood, which is viscous,** in order to produce an **olive-bulk** when congealed, **a quarter** of a *log* **is not required.** Less than a quarter of a *log* of blood congeals into an olive-bulk. **Alternatively, Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, said that** in order to create a congealed **olive-bulk, a quarter** of a *log* **is sufficient only there, with regard to blood,** which is **viscous; however, wine,** which **is liquid,** in order to create a congealed **olive-bulk, more** than a **quarter** of a *log* of wine is required. **And,** therefore, even **when he carries out less than an olive-bulk** on Shabbat, **let him be liable.** There is no proof that the two tannaitic opinions are parallel.


###### Shabbat 77a:6
[Shabbat 77a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/77a:6)

חָלָב כְּדֵי גְמִיעָה. אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ: ״כְּדֵי גְמִיאָה״, אוֹ ״כְּדֵי גְמִיעָה״. אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: ״הַגְמִיאִינִי נָא מְעַט מַיִם מִכַּדֵּךְ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
We learned in the mishna: The measure that determines liability for carrying out **milk** is **equivalent to** that which is **swallowed [*kedei gemia*]** in one gulp. **A dilemma was raised before** the Sages: Is the correct version of the mishna: ***Kedei gemia*** with an *alef* **or *kedei gemia*** with an *ayin*? **Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said:** It should be written with an *alef* as we find in the Torah: “And he said: **Give me to swallow [*hagmi’ini*** with an *alef* ] **please, a little water from your jug”** (Genesis 24:17).


###### Shabbat 77a:7
[Shabbat 77a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/77a:7)

אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**A** similar **dilemma** with regard to spelling **was raised before** the Sages.