## Shabbat Daf 78a

###### Shabbat 78a:1
[Shabbat 78a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:1)

וְלֵיתָא דְּרַבִּי יַנַּאי. וְהָכָא בְּהָא קָמִיפַּלְגִי: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר סָבַר: אֵבֶר קָטָן דְּגָדוֹל וְאֵבֶר גָּדוֹל דְּקָטָן בֶּן יוֹמוֹ כִּי הֲדָדֵי נִינְהוּ, וְרַבִּי נָתָן סָבַר: אֵבֶר קָטָן דְּגָדוֹל אִין, אֵבֶר גָּדוֹל דְּקָטָן בֶּן יוֹמוֹ — לָא. מַאי הָוֵי עֲלַהּ? תָּא שְׁמַע: דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: שֶׁמֶן כְּדֵי לָסוּךְ אֵבֶר קָטָן שֶׁל קָטָן בֶּן יוֹמוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**and** the opinion of the school **of Rabbi Yannai** is **not** accepted. **And here,** in this *baraita*, **they disagree about this: Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar holds: A small limb** of **an adult and a large limb** of **a day-old child are equal to one another, and Rabbi Natan holds:** For carrying out oil in a measure equivalent to that which is used to spread on **a small limb** of **an adult, yes,** one is liable; however, **a large limb** of **a day-old child, no,** he is exempt. The Gemara asks: **What** conclusion **was** reached **in this** matter? **Come** and **hear** a proof, **as it was taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says** explicitly: The measure that determines liability for carrying out **oil** is **equivalent** to that which is used **to** spread on **a small limb of a day-old child.**


###### Shabbat 78a:2
[Shabbat 78a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:2)

מַיִם כְּדֵי לָשׁוּף בָּהֶן אֶת הַקִּילוֹר. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: מִכְּדֵי כׇּל מִילְּתָא דִּשְׁכִיחָא וְלָא שְׁכִיחָא, אֲזוּל רַבָּנַן בָּתַר דִּשְׁכִיחָא לְקוּלָּא. שְׁכִיחָא וּשְׁכִיחָא אֲזוּל רַבָּנַן בָּתַר דִּשְׁכִיחָא לְחוּמְרָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
We learned in the *mishna*: The measure that determines liability for carrying out **water** is **equivalent** to that which is used **to rub** and spread on **an eye bandage. Abaye said: Now, since,** with regard to **any substance that is** utilized for both **common and uncommon** uses, **the Sages,** in their ruling, **followed the common** usage even **as a leniency,** i.e., one is liable only for carrying out the larger measure. However, when a substance has different uses and one is **common and** the other is **common** as well, **the Sages,** in their ruling, **followed the common** use that leads **to a stringency,** i.e., one is liable for carrying out even the smaller amount.


###### Shabbat 78a:3
[Shabbat 78a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:3)

יַיִן, שְׁתִיָּיתוֹ שְׁכִיחָא רְפוּאָתוֹ לָא שְׁכִיחָא — אֲזוּל רַבָּנַן בָּתַר שְׁתִיָּיתוֹ דִּשְׁכִיחָא לְקוּלָּא. חָלָב, אֲכִילָתוֹ שְׁכִיחָא רְפוּאָתוֹ לָא שְׁכִיחָא — אֲזוּל רַבָּנַן בָּתַר אֲכִילָתוֹ לְקוּלָּא. דְּבַשׁ, אֲכִילָתוֹ שְׁכִיחָא רְפוּאָתוֹ שְׁכִיחָא — אֲזוּל רַבָּנַן בָּתַר רְפוּאָתוֹ לְחוּמְרָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Proof for this principle can be seen in the following examples. **Wine, its** use for **drinking is common** and **its** use for **healing is uncommon. The Sages,** in establishing the measure that determines liability for carrying out wine, **followed its** use for **drinking, which** is **common,** which led **to a leniency.** The amount of wine that one typically drinks is greater than the amount of wine used for healing. **Milk, its consumption is common** and **its** use for **healing is uncommon. The Sages,** in establishing the measure that determines liability for carrying out milk, **followed its consumption, which** is **common, as a leniency. Honey, its consumption is common** and **its** use for **healing is** also **common. The Sages,** in establishing the measure that determines liability for carrying out honey, **followed its** use for **healing,** the smaller amount, **as a stringency.**


###### Shabbat 78a:4
[Shabbat 78a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:4)

אֶלָּא מַיִם, מִכְּדֵי שְׁתִיָּיתוֹ שְׁכִיחָא רְפוּאָתוֹ לָא שְׁכִיחָא, מַאי טַעְמָא אֲזוּל רַבָּנַן בָּתַר רְפוּאָתוֹ לְחוּמְרָא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: בְּגָלִילָא שָׁנוּ. רָבָא אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא בִּשְׁאָר מְקוֹמוֹת, כְּדִשְׁמוּאֵל, דְּאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: כׇּל שַׁקְיָינֵי מַסּוּ וּמְטַלְּלִי לְבַר מִמַּיָּא דְּמַסּוּ וְלָא מְטַלְּלִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**However, water, since its drinking is common** and **its** use for **healing is uncommon, what is the reason** that **the Sages followed its** use for **healing as a stringency?** Based on the above principle, the Sages should have determined the measure based on its use for drinking. **Abaye said: They taught** this *halakha* **in the Galilee** where they typically drink wine. There, water is used as commonly for healing as it is for drinking (*Tosafot*). **Rava said: Even** if you **say** that this *halakha* applies **in the rest of the places** as well as in the Galilee, the use of water in treating the eye is common, **in accordance with** the opinion of **Shmuel, as Shmuel said: All liquids** placed on the eye effect a **cure and cloud** the vision, **except for water which cures and does not cloud** the vision.


###### Shabbat 78a:5
[Shabbat 78a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:5)

וּשְׁאָר כׇּל הַמַּשְׁקִין בִּרְבִיעִית. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: דָּם וְכׇל מִינֵי מַשְׁקִין בִּרְבִיעִית. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: דָּם, כְּדֵי לִכְחוֹל בְּעַיִן אַחַת, שֶׁכֵּן כּוֹחֲלִין לְבַרְקִית. וּמַאי נִינְהוּ? דְּמָא דְתַרְנוּגְלָא בַּרָּא. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: דָּם כְּדֵי לִכְחוֹל בּוֹ עַיִן אַחַת, שֶׁכֵּן כּוֹחֲלִין לְיָארוּד. וּמַאי נִיהוּ? דְּמָא דִכְרוּשְׁתִּינָא. וְסִימָנָיךְ: גַּוָּא לְגַוָּא, בַּרָּא לְבַרָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
We learned in the *mishna*: **And** the measure that determines liability for **all other liquids** is **a quarter** of a *log*. **The Sages taught** in a *Tosefta*: The measure that determines liability for carrying out **blood and all types of liquids** on Shabbat is **a quarter** of a *log*. **Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says:** The measure that determines liability for **blood** is less than that. The measure that determines liability for carrying out **blood** is **equivalent** to that which is used **to apply** to **one eye, as one applies** blood **to** heal **a wart on the eye.** The Gemara asks: **And what** type of blood effects this cure? **The blood of a wild chicken. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says:** The measure that determines liability for carrying out **blood** is **equivalent** to that which is used **to apply** to **one eye, as one applies** blood **to** heal **a cataract. And what** type of blood effects this cure? **The blood of a bat. And a mnemonic** to ensure that **you** do not confuse these cures: **Inside for inside, outside for outside.** The blood of a bat, which lives in inhabited areas, for the cataract, which is inside the eye; the blood of a wild chicken, which lives outside inhabited areas, for the wart, which is external to the eye.


###### Shabbat 78a:6
[Shabbat 78a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:6)

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — בְּמוֹצִיא, אֲבָל בְּמַצְנִיעַ — כׇּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּיב. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — בְּמַצְנִיעַ, אֲבָל בְּמוֹצִיא — אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא בִּרְבִיעִית. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּמוֹצִיא שׁוֹפְכִין לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים שֶׁשִּׁיעוּרָן בִּרְבִיעִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites a *Tosefta*: **In what** case **are these matters,** the measures for the substances in the mishna, **stated?** They were stated **with regard to one who carries them out** from one domain to another without ascribing special significance to them. **However,** with regard to **one who stores** them, thereby ascribing significance to them, the ruling is that **he is liable** for carrying out **any measure. Rabbi Shimon says: In what** case **are these matters stated?** They were stated **with regard to one who stores** those amounts. **However, if one** merely **carries them out, he is liable only** if he carries out **a quarter** of a *log*. **And the Rabbis agree with Rabbi Shimon with regard to one who carries out waste water to the public domain that** even when one merely carries it out, **the measure** that determines liability **is a quarter of** a *log*.


###### Shabbat 78a:7
[Shabbat 78a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:7)

אָמַר מָר: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — בְּמוֹצִיא, אֲבָל בְּמַצְנִיעַ — כׇּל שֶׁהוּא. אַטּוּ מַצְנִיעַ לָאו מוֹצִיא הוּא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן — בְּתַלְמִיד שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ רַבּוֹ: לֵךְ וּפַנֵּה לִי הַמָּקוֹם לִסְעוּדָה. הָלַךְ וּפִנָּה לוֹ. דָּבָר חָשׁוּב לַכֹּל — חַיָּיב עִילָּוֵיהּ, דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ חָשׁוּב לַכֹּל, אִי אַצְנְעֵיהּ רַבֵּיהּ — מִיחַיַּיב עִילָּוֵיהּ, וְאִי לָא — לָא מִיחַיַּיב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Master said** in the *Tosefta*: **In what** case **are these matters,** the measures for the substances in the mishna, **stated?** They were stated **with regard to one who carries them out** from one domain to another without ascribing special significance to them. **However, with regard to one who stores them,** he is liable for **any amount.** The Gemara is surprised at this: **Isn’t** the **one who stores** also the **one who carries out?** One is not liable for merely storing. He is liable only for carrying out the stored item. **Abaye said: With what are we dealing here?** With the case of **a student whose teacher said to him: Go and clear for me space for a meal,** and **he went and cleared** space **for him** and removed the items to another domain. If he cleared **an item** that is **significant to all, he is liable for** carrying **it** out. If he cleared **an item that is not significant to all,** then, **if his teacher had stored it, he is liable for** carrying **it** out, **and if** his teacher **had not** stored it, **he is not liable** for carrying it out, since the student is fulfilling his teacher’s wishes.


###### Shabbat 78a:8
[Shabbat 78a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:8)

אָמַר מָר: מוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּמוֹצִיא שׁוֹפְכִין לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים שֶׁשִּׁיעוּרָן בִּרְבִיעִית. שׁוֹפְכִין לְמַאי חֲזוּ? אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: לְגַבֵּל בָּהֶן אֶת הַטִּיט. וְהָתַנְיָא: טִיט כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת בָּהֶן פִּי כוּר! לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא דְּמִיגַּבַּל, הָא דְּלָא מִיגַּבַּל — לְפִי שֶׁאֵין אָדָם טוֹרֵחַ לְגַבֵּל טִיט לַעֲשׂוֹת פִּי כוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Master said** in the *Tosefta*: **And the Rabbis agree with Rabbi Shimon with regard to one who carries out waste water to the public domain, that the measure** that determines liability **is a quarter** of a *log*. The Gemara asks: **For what** use **is waste water fit? Rabbi Yirmeya said: It** is used **to knead clay.** The Gemara asks: If that is its purpose, why is such a large amount required? **Was it not taught** in a *baraita*: The measure that determines liability for carrying out **clay** on Shabbat is **equivalent** to that which is used **to make an opening for** the bellows to be placed in **a crucible,** which is a much smaller measure? The Gemara answers: This is **not difficult. This,** where the measure for clay is equivalent to that which is used to make an opening for the bellows to be placed in **a crucible,** is referring to a case **where** it was already **kneaded; that,** where the measure for waste water is a quarter of a *log* to knead clay, is referring to a case **where it is not** yet **kneaded, as a person does not go to the trouble of kneading clay** just **to make an opening for** the bellows to be placed in **a crucible.** When carrying out water to knead clay, a large amount is required; however, clay that was already prepared is fit for use for smaller objects as well.


###### Shabbat 78a:9
[Shabbat 78a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/78a:9)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַמּוֹצִיא חֶבֶל — כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת אוֹזֶן לַקּוּפָּה. גֶּמִי — כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּלַאי לַנָּפָה וְלַכְּבָרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: כְּדֵי לִיטּוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ מִדַּת מִנְעָל לַקָּטָן. נְיָיר — כְּדֵי לִכְתּוֹב עָלָיו קֶשֶׁר מוֹכְסִין. וְהַמּוֹצִיא קֶשֶׁר מוֹכְסִין — חַיָּיב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One who carries out a rope** is liable in a measure **equivalent** to that which is used **to form an ear-shaped handle for a basket.** The measure that determines liability for carrying out **reed grass** is **equivalent** to that which is used **to make a loop for hanging a sifter or a sieve. Rabbi Yehuda says:** The measure for liability is **equivalent** to that which is used **to take the measure of a shoe for a child,** as the reed is used to measure the size of the foot. The measure that determines liability for carrying out **paper** is **equivalent** to that which is used **to write a tax receipt. And one who carries out a tax receipt** itself on Shabbat **is liable.**