## Shabbat Daf 98a

###### Shabbat 98a:1
[Shabbat 98a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/98a:1)

פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת — פָּטוּר. מַאי קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן? הָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן: רְשׁוּיוֹת מִצְטָרְפוֹת — וּדְלָא אָמְרִינַן קְלוּטָה כְּמָה שֶׁהוּנְּחָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If he throws it **less than four cubits,** he is **exempt,** as he is neither liable for carrying from domain to domain nor for carrying in the public domain. The Gemara asks: **What is he teaching us** with this *halakha*? The Gemara answers: **He is teaching us the following** two things. First, that **domains join** together; even though one public domain is separated from the other by a private domain, they are treated as one domain. **And** second, **that we do not say** that **an object in airspace is considered at rest.** The object is not considered to have landed in a private domain, and therefore the one who threw it is exempt.


###### Shabbat 98a:2
[Shabbat 98a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/98a:2)

אָמַר רַב שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר יְהוּדָה, אָמַר רַב אַבָּא, אָמַר רַב הוּנָא, אָמַר רַב: הַמַּעֲבִיר אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מְקוֹרֶה — פָּטוּר, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה לְדִגְלֵי מִדְבָּר. אִינִי?! וְהָא עֲגָלוֹת דִּמְקוֹרוֹת הָוְיָין, וְאָמַר רַב מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי חִיָּיא: עֲגָלוֹת, תַּחְתֵּיהֶן וּבֵינֵיהֶן וְצִדֵּיהֶן רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים! כִּי קָאָמַר רַב בְּדָרָאתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Shmuel bar Yehuda said** that **Rav Abba said** that **Rav Huna said** that **Rav said: One who carries** an object **four cubits in the covered public domain is exempt because it is not similar to the flags of** the camp of Israel in **the desert,** which were not covered. The Gemara wonders: **Is that so? Weren’t** the **wagons** on which they transported the beams of the Tabernacle **covered?** The beams formed a covering over the wagons. **And** even so, **Rav said in the name of Rabbi Ḥiyya:** The areas that were **beneath the wagons, and between them, and** on **their sides** are all considered to have been **the public domain.** Apparently, even a covered public domain, like the space beneath the wagons, has the legal status of a public domain. The Gemara answers: **When Rav said** that the space beneath the wagons had the legal status of a public domain, he was referring to when the beams were arranged **in stacks.** The beams did not cover the entire area of the wagon. There was space between the stacks.


###### Shabbat 98a:3
[Shabbat 98a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/98a:3)

מִכְּדֵי, אוּרְכָּא דַעֲגָלָה כַּמָּה הֲוַאי — חֲמֵשׁ אַמִּין, פּוּתְיָא דְקֶרֶשׁ כַּמָּה הֲוַאי — אַמְּתָא וּפַלְגָא, כַּמָּה מוֹתֵיב — תְּלָתָא, פָּשׁ לֵיהּ פַּלְגָא דְאַמְּתָא, כִּי שָׁדֵי לֵיהּ מָר בֵּינֵי וּבֵינֵי — כְּלָבוּד דָּמֵי! מִי סָבְרַתְּ קְרָשִׁים אַפּוּתַיְיהוּ הֲוָה מַנַּח לְהוּ? אַחוּדָּן מַנַּח לְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **After all, how much was the length of** a **wagon?** It was **five cubits. How much was the width of** a **beam?** It was **a cubit and a half. How many** beams could one **place** on a wagon? One could place **three** stacks of beams, totaling four and a half cubits. If so, **half a cubit** of open space **remained. When the Master distributes** half a cubit **between** the stacks of beams **it is considered *lavud*,** attached, as the space between each stack was less than three handbreadths. The Gemara answers: **Do you maintain** that they **would place the beams on their width? They would place them on their depth,** which was one cubit wide, and therefore there was a greater distance between the rows.


###### Shabbat 98a:4
[Shabbat 98a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/98a:4)

סוֹף סוֹף סוּמְכָא דְקֶרֶשׁ כַּמָּה הָוֵי — אַמְּתָא, כַּמָּה הֲוָה מוֹתִיב — אַרְבְּעָה, פָּשָׁא לַהּ אַמְּתָא, כִּי שָׁדֵי לַהּ מָר בֵּינֵי וּבֵינֵי, כְּלָבוּד דָּמֵי. הָנִיחָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר קְרָשִׁים מִלְּמַטָּן עוֹבְיָין אַמָּה, מִלְּמַעְלָן כָּלִין וְהוֹלְכִין עַד כְּאֶצְבַּע — שַׁפִּיר. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמִּלְּמַטָּן עוֹבְיָין אַמָּה כָּךְ מִלְּמַעְלָן עוֹבְיָין אַמָּה, מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Ultimately, how much was the depth of a beam?** It was **one cubit. How many** stacks **would** they **place?** They would place **four** stacks. **One cubit** of open space **remained. When the Master distributes** one cubit **between** the four stacks of beams **it is considered *lavud*,** as two handbreadths separated each stack. The Gemara adds: **This** statement of Rav works out **well according to** the opinion of **the one who said** that **the beams** in the Tabernacle **were one cubit thick at the bottom,** and **they narrowed to a fingerbreadth as they reached the top.** According to that opinion, there was a space larger than three handbreadths at least between the tops of the beams, and therefore the area beneath that part of the wagon was not covered. **However, according to** the opinion of **the one who said** that **just as they were one cubit thick at the bottom, so too,** the beams **were one cubit thick on top, what can be said?** In that case, the space between the stacks was less than three handbreadths, and area beneath the wagon had the legal status of a covered public domain.


###### Shabbat 98a:5
[Shabbat 98a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/98a:5)

אָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא: בְּאַטְבְּעֵי! אַטְבְּעֵי הֵיכָא מַנַּח לְהוּ — אַגַּבָּא דַעֲגָלָה, עֲגָלָה גּוּפַהּ מְקוֹרָה הֲוַאי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Kahana said:** When we said that the underside of the wagon was considered to be a public domain, the statement was not referring to when the beams were stacked on them. When the wagon was empty and consisted of the **frames** that held the beams in place, beneath the wagon was an uncovered public domain. The Gemara asks: But **where would** they **place** the frames? **On top** of the **wagon** when the beams were already stacked on it and the **wagon itself was** already **covered** by the beams, as stated above (*ge’onim*).