## Shevuot Daf 13b

###### Shevuot 13b:1
[Shevuot 13b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:1)

כָּרֵת דִּימָמָא לְרַבִּי לֵית לֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It must be that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi concedes that Yom Kippur does not atone for one who violates the day itself and does not repent, as if you do not say so, **according to Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi, **there would be no** instance in which a person would be liable to receive ***karet* for** violating Yom Kippur in **the daytime.**


###### Shevuot 13b:2
[Shevuot 13b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:2)

אַלְּמָה לָא? מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ דַּאֲכַל אוּמְצָא וְחַנְקֵיהּ וּמִית; אִי נָמֵי דַּאֲכַל סָמוּךְ לִשְׁקִיעַת הַחַמָּה – דְּלָא הֲוָה שְׁהוּת לְכַפּוֹרֵי לֵיהּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara questions this proof: **Why not? You** could **find it** in a case **where he ate a piece of meat, and** while he was eating **it choked him and he died, or** in a case **where he ate immediately before sunset** at the end of the day. Even if one holds that Yom Kippur does atone for violations of the day itself, in these cases it could not, **as there was no time** after the violation for the day **to atone for him,** in the first case because he was already dead, and in the second case because it was no longer Yom Kippur.


###### Shevuot 13b:3
[Shevuot 13b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:3)

אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כֹּהֲנִים וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן מָשׁוּחַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna (2b) states: **Israelites and priests and** the **anointed priest,** i.e., the High Priest, equally achieve atonement. What is the difference between Israelites, priests, and the anointed priest? The difference is only that the priests achieve atonement for their defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods through the bull that the High Priest offers on Yom Kippur, whereas the Israelites achieve atonement for their transgressions through the goats that are sacrificed on Yom Kippur.


###### Shevuot 13b:4
[Shevuot 13b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:4)

הָא גּוּפַאּ קַשְׁיָא – קָתָנֵי: אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כֹּהֲנִים וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן מָשׁוּחַ; וַהֲדַר תָּנֵי: מָה בֵּין יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֲנִים וּלְכֹהֵן מָשׁוּחַ! אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה, הָכִי קָאָמַר: אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כֹּהֲנִים וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן מָשׁוּחַ מִתְכַּפְּרִין בְּשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ בִּשְׁאָר עֲבֵירוֹת, וְאֵין חִילּוּק בֵּינֵיהֶן. וּמָה בֵּין יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֲנִים וּלְכֹהֵן מָשׁוּחַ? אֶלָּא שֶׁהַפָּר מְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים עַל טוּמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו וְכוּ׳.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **This** mishna **itself** is **difficult,** as **it teaches: Both Israelites and priests and** the **anointed priest** equally achieve atonement. **But then it teaches: What is** the difference **between Israelites, priests, and** the **anointed priest? Rav Yehuda said** that **this** is what the mishna **is saying: Both Israelites and priests and** the **anointed priest** equally **achieve atonement through the scapegoat for transgressions other** than the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, **and** in this regard **there is no distinction between them. But what is** the difference **between Israelites, priests, and** the **anointed priest?** The difference is **only that the bull** of the High Priest that he offers on Yom Kippur **atones for the priests for** their **defiling of** the **Temple or its sacrificial** foods, whereas the Israelites achieve atonement for their transgressions through the goats that are sacrificed on Yom Kippur.


###### Shevuot 13b:5
[Shevuot 13b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:5)

וּמַנִּי – רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הִיא. דְּתַנְיָא: ״וְכִפֶּר אֶת מִקְדַּשׁ הַקֹּדֶשׁ״ – זֶה לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים; ״אֶת אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד״ – זֶה הֵיכָל; ״מִזְבֵּחַ״ – כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ; ״יְכַפֵּר״ – אֵלּוּ עֲזָרוֹת; ״כֹּהֲנִים״ – כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ; ״עַם הַקָּהָל״ – אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל; ״יְכַפֵּר״ – אֵלּוּ הַלְוִיִּם;

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And whose** opinion is expressed by the mishna? It **is Rabbi Yehuda, as it is taught** in a *baraita* in exposition of the verse: “He shall bring atonement upon the sanctum of the sacred, and he shall effect atonement upon the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and upon the priests and upon all the people of the congregation shall he bring atonement” (Leviticus 16:33): **“He shall bring atonement upon the sanctum of the sacred”; this** is referring to **the innermost sanctum,** i.e., the Holy of Holies. “**Upon the Tent of Meeting”; this** is referring to the **Sanctuary.** “And the **altar”;** this is understood **in accordance with its plain meaning. “He shall effect atonement”; this** is referring to the Temple **courtyards.** “And upon the **priests”;** this is understood **in accordance with its plain meaning.** “And upon **all the people”; these are the Israelites. “Shall he bring atonement”; this** is referring to **the Levites.**


###### Shevuot 13b:6
[Shevuot 13b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:6)

הוּשְׁווּ כּוּלָּן לְכַפָּרָה אַחַת, שֶׁמִּתְכַּפְּרִין בְּשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ בִּשְׁאָר עֲבֵירוֹת. דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**All of them are equated with regard to** the fact that they are all atoned for through **one atonement,** i.e., **that they are atoned for by the scapegoat for** all **transgressions other** than the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods. This is **the statement of Rabbi Yehuda.**


###### Shevuot 13b:7
[Shevuot 13b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:7)

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁדַּם שָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִּפְנִים מְכַפֵּר עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל טוּמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו, כָּךְ דַּם הַפָּר מְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים עַל טוּמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁוִּידּוּיוֹ שֶׁל שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ מְכַפֵּר עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּשְׁאָר עֲבֵירוֹת, כָּךְ וִידּוּיוֹ שֶׁל פָּר מְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים בִּשְׁאָר עֲבֵירוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **Rabbi Shimon says: Just as** the **blood of the goat whose** blood presentation is **performed inside** the Sanctuary **atones for Israelites for** their **defiling of** the **Temple or its sacrificial** foods, **so too,** the **blood of the bull** of the High Priest, whose blood presentation is also performed inside the Sanctuary, **atones for the priests for** their **defiling of** the **Temple or its sacrificial** foods. **And just as** the **confession** made **over the scapegoat atones for Israelites for other transgressions, so too,** the **confession** made **over** the **bull atones for the priests for other transgressions.** It is apparent from the *baraita* that it is only according to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda that the scapegoat atones for both Israelites and priests.


###### Shevuot 13b:8
[Shevuot 13b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:8)

וּלְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, הָא וַדַּאי הוּשְׁווּ! מַאי הוּשְׁווּ – דִּבְנֵי כַּפָּרָה נִינְהוּ; מִיהוּ כֹּל חַד וְחַד מְכַפַּר בִּדְנַפְשֵׁיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara analyzes Rabbi Shimon’s opinion: **And according to Rabbi Shimon,** one can ask: **Weren’t** both Israelites and priests **certainly equated** in the verse in Leviticus? The Gemara explains: According to his opinion, in **what** way **are they equated** in the verse? They are equated in **that they are all subject to atonement** on Yom Kippur; **but each one** of the groups **achieves atonement in its own** way.


###### Shevuot 13b:9
[Shevuot 13b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:9)

מַאי טַעְמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן? דִּכְתִיב: ״וְלָקַח אֶת שְׁנֵי הַשְּׂעִירִם״ – אִיתַּקַּשׁ שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ לְשָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִּפְנִים; מָה שָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִּפְנִים אֵינוֹ מְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים עַל טוּמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו, דִּכְתִיב בֵּיהּ: ״אֲשֶׁר לָעָם״; אַף שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ אֵינוֹ מְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים בִּשְׁאָר עֲבֵירוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What is the reason of Rabbi Shimon,** who holds that priests are not atoned for by the scapegoat? **As it is written: “He shall take the two goats”** (Leviticus 16:7); one is used for the scapegoat and the other for the internal goat. With this verse, the **scapegoat is juxtaposed with the goat whose** blood presentation is **performed inside** the Sanctuary. It teaches that **just as the goat whose** blood presentation is **performed inside does not atone for the priests for** their **defiling of** the **Temple or its sacrificial** foods, **as it is written with regard to** that goat: “The goat sin-offering **of the people”** (Leviticus 16:15), which indicates that it atones for Israelites and not for the priests, **so too, the scapegoat does not atone for the priests for** their **other transgressions.**


###### Shevuot 13b:10
[Shevuot 13b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:10)

וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָמַר לָךְ: לְהָכִי אִיתַּקּוּשׁ – שֶׁיִּהְיוּ שָׁוִים בְּמַרְאֶה וּבְקוֹמָה וּבְדָמִים הוּא דַּאֲתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** as for **Rabbi Yehuda,** how does he understand the juxtaposition? He could have **said to you:** It is only **for this** reason that the goats **are juxtaposed:** The juxtaposition **comes** to teach **that they should be similar in appearance and in height and in value.** They are not similar in the atonement that they effect.


###### Shevuot 13b:11
[Shevuot 13b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:11)

מַאן תְּנָא לְהָא דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״וְשָׁחַט אֶת שְׂעִיר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר לָעָם״ – שֶׁאֵין הַכֹּהֲנִים מִתְכַּפְּרִין בּוֹ. וּבַמֶּה מִתְכַּפְּרִין? בְּפָרוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Who** is the *tanna* who **taught that which the Sages taught** in a *baraita*: The verse states with regard to the internal goat: **“He shall slaughter the goat sin-offering of the people”** (Leviticus 16:15); the term “of the people” excludes Aaron and the priests, and therefore indicates **that the priests do not achieve atonement through** that goat. **But** then, **through what do they achieve atonement?** Presumably, **through** the **bull of Aaron,** i.e., the bull of the High Priest.


###### Shevuot 13b:12
[Shevuot 13b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:12)

יָכוֹל לֹא יִתְכַּפְּרוּ בְּפָרוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן; שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר: ״אֲשֶׁר לוֹ״ – מֵעַתָּה אֵין לָהֶן כַּפָּרָה? כְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר: ״יְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים״ – מָצִינוּ לָהֶן כַּפָּרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
One **might** have thought that **they would** also **not achieve atonement through** the **bull of Aaron, as it is already stated:** “Aaron shall bring near **his own** bull sin-offering” (Leviticus 16:6), which indicates that it atones only for Aaron’s transgressions, not for the transgressions of others. And if **that is so,** then **they do not have** any means through which to achieve **atonement.** But **when** the verse **states: “And he shall effect atonement…upon the priests”** (Leviticus 16:33), **we have** clearly **found that they** do **have** a means of achieving **atonement.**


###### Shevuot 13b:13
[Shevuot 13b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:13)

בַּמָּה הֵן מִתְכַּפְּרִין? מוּטָב שֶׁיִּתְכַּפְּרוּ בְּפָרוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן – שֶׁהֲרֵי הוּתַּר מִכְּלָלוֹ אֵצֶל בֵּיתוֹ, וְאַל יִתְכַּפְּרוּ בְּשָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִּפְנִים – שֶׁלֹּא הוּתַּר מִכְּלָלוֹ אֵצֶל בֵּיתוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **Through which** means then **do they achieve atonement?** Do they achieve it through the internal goat or the bull of Aaron? It is **better** to say **that they achieve atonement through the bull of Aaron, as** in any event, **with regard to his household, an exception was made to its rule** that it atones only for Aaron, and his household also achieves atonement from his bull. It is therefore not unreasonable to say that the priesthood should also achieve atonement from his bull. **And** one should **not** say that **they achieve atonement through the goat whose** blood presentation is **performed inside** the Sanctuary, **as it is not** found **with regard to** Aaron’s **household** that **an exception was made to its rule** that it atones for the people, as his household does not achieve atonement from the scapegoat.


###### Shevuot 13b:14
[Shevuot 13b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:14)

וְאִם נַפְשְׁךָ לוֹמַר – הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״בֵּית אַהֲרֹן בָּרְכוּ אֶת ה׳, בֵּית הַלֵּוִי בָּרְכוּ אֶת ה׳, יִרְאֵי ה׳ בָּרְכוּ אֶת ה׳״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if it is your wish to say** that this reasoning can be refuted, one can cite another proof, as the verse **states:** “House of Israel, bless the Lord; **house of Aaron, bless the Lord; house of Levi, bless the Lord; those who fear the Lord, bless the Lord”** (Psalms 135:19–20). It is apparent from this verse that “house of Aaron” is referring to all priests and not just to Aaron’s immediate household, and so it is reasonable that Aaron’s bull should atone for them.


###### Shevuot 13b:15
[Shevuot 13b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:15)

מַאן תַּנָּא? אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: דְּלָא כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה; דְּאִי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, הָאָמַר: ״כֹּהֲנִים יֵשׁ לָהֶן כַּפָּרָה בְּשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ״. וּמַנִּי? רָבָא אָמַר: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הִיא, דְּאָמַר: ״כֹּהֲנִים אֵין לָהֶם כַּפָּרָה בְּשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara repeats its question about this *baraita*: **Who** is the *tanna* who **taught** this *baraita*? **Rabbi Yirmeya says:** It **is not in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda, as, if** one suggests that it is in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda,** one can counter: **Doesn’t he say** that the **priests have** a means of **atonement through** the **scapegoat,** whereas the *baraita* indicates that they do not, as it states that if they do not achieve atonement through the bull of Aaron, then they do not have any means through which to achieve atonement? **But** then, **whose** opinion is expressed? **Rava says:** It **is** the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon, who says** that the **priests do not have** a means of achieving **atonement through** the **scapegoat.**


###### Shevuot 13b:16
[Shevuot 13b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/13b:16)

אַבָּיֵי אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, הָכִי קָאָמַר: מֵעַתָּה אֵין לָהֶם כַּפָּרָה בְּטוּמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו? כְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר: ״יְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים״, מָצִינוּ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן כַּפָּרָה בִּשְׁאָר עֲבֵירוֹת; וּכְמוֹ דְּמָצִינוּ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן כַּפָּרָה בִּשְׁאָר עֲבֵירוֹת, כָּךְ יֵשׁ לָהֶן כַּפָּרָה

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said: You** may **even say** that the *baraita* is in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda,** and **this** is what it **is saying:** If **that is so,** that the priests do not achieve atonement through the bull of Aaron, then **they do not have** any means through which to achieve **atonement for** the **defiling of** the **Temple or its sacrificial** foods. **When** the verse **states: “And he shall effect atonement…upon the priests,” we have** clearly **found that they** do **have** a means of **atonement for other transgressions. And** it follows that **just as we have found that they have** a means of **atonement for other transgressions,** as Israelites do, **so** too, **they** must also **have** a means of **atonement**