## Shevuot Daf 22b

###### Shevuot 22b:1
[Shevuot 22b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:1)

וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: בֵּין הוּא וּבֵין חֲבֵירוֹ לֹא מָעַל, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין מְעִילָה בְּקוּנָּמוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And the Rabbis say: Both he and the other** are **not** liable for **misusing** consecrated property, **because there is no** prohibition of **misuse** of consecrated property **with regard to *konamot*.**


###### Shevuot 22b:2
[Shevuot 22b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:2)

אֵיפוֹךְ: אֶחָד זֶה וְאֶחָד זֶה לֹא מָעַל, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין מְעִילָה בְּקוּנָּמוֹת. דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: הוּא מָעַל, וַחֲבֵירוֹ לֹא מָעַל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: **Reverse** the opinions and say as follows: **Both this one and that one** are **not** liable for **misusing** consecrated property, **because there is no** prohibition of **misuse** of consecrated property **with regard to *konamot*.** This is **the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: He** is liable for **misuse** of consecrated property **and the other** is **not** liable for **misuse** of consecrated property.


###### Shevuot 22b:3
[Shevuot 22b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:3)

אִי הָכִי, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר קוּנָּמוֹת כִּשְׁבוּעוֹת – אֶלָּא קוּנָּמוֹת אִצְטְרוֹפֵי הוּא דְּלָא מִצְטָרְפִי, הָא מְעִילָה אִית בְּהוּ?! וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר: אֵין מְעִילָה בְּקוּנָּמוֹת כְּלָל!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **If so,** how is it that **Rabbi Meir says** in the previous *baraita*: Items forbidden by ***konamot* are like** those forbidden by **oaths?** Items forbidden by ***konamot* do not combine** to produce a full measure that renders one liable for misuse of consecrated property, **but** this indicates that **misuse of consecrated property** nevertheless **applies to them. But doesn’t Rabbi Meir say,** according to the reversal of the opinions, that **with regard to *konamot*, there is no** prohibition of **misuse** of consecrated property **at all?**


###### Shevuot 22b:4
[Shevuot 22b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:4)

לְדִבְרֵיהֶן דְּרַבָּנַן קָאָמַר לְהוּ: לְדִידִי – אֵין מְעִילָה בְּקוּנָּמוֹת כְּלָל; לְדִידְכוּ – אוֹדוֹ לִי מִיהַת דְּקוּנָּמוֹת כִּשְׁבוּעוֹת!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: When Rabbi Meir says that items forbidden by *konamot* do not combine to produce a full measure, **he is saying** this **to the Rabbis in accordance with their statement,** as follows: **According to my** opinion **with regard to *konamot*, there is no** prohibition of **misuse** of consecrated property **at all. According to your** opinion, **at least admit to me that** items forbidden by ***konamot* are like** items forbidden by **oaths** and do not combine to produce a full measure.


###### Shevuot 22b:5
[Shevuot 22b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:5)

וְרַבָּנַן – שְׁבוּעוֹת אִיכָּא דְּרַב פִּנְחָס, קוּנָּמוֹת לֵיכָּא דְּרַב פִּנְחָס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And the Rabbis?** They explain that with regard to items forbidden by **oaths** one should **apply** the reasoning **of Rav Pineḥas** that since two items that are forbidden by a single oath are distinct with regard to sin-offerings, they do not combine in order to produce a full measure. With regard to ***konamot*** the reasoning **of Rav Pineḥas does not apply.**


###### Shevuot 22b:6
[Shevuot 22b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:6)

אָמַר רָבָא: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, וְאָכַל עָפָר – פָּטוּר. בָּעֵי רָבָא: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל עָפָר״, בְּכַמָּה? כֵּיוָן דְּאָמַר ״שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״ – דַּעְתֵּיהּ אַכְּזַיִת; אוֹ דִלְמָא, כֵּיוָן דְּלָאו מִידֵּי דְּאָכְלִי אִינָשֵׁי הוּא, בְּכׇל שֶׁהוּא? תֵּיקוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rava says** that if one said: On my **oath I will not eat, and** then he **ate dirt,** he is **exempt,** because eating dirt is not considered to be eating. **Rava raises a dilemma:** If one says: On my **oath I will not eat dirt, how much** dirt must he eat **in** order to be liable? Is the *halakha* that **since he said: I will not eat** dirt, **his intention is** that the prohibition applies **to an olive-bulk?** That is the standard measure for prohibitions with regard to eating. **Or perhaps, since** dirt **is not something that people eat,** he is liable **for** eating **any amount.** The Gemara concludes: The dilemma **shall stand** unresolved.


###### Shevuot 22b:7
[Shevuot 22b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:7)

בָּעֵי רָבָא: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל חַרְצָן״, בְּכַמָּה? כֵּיוָן דְּמִתְאֲכִיל עַל יְדֵי תַּעֲרוֹבֶת – דַּעְתֵּיהּ אַכְּזַיִת; אוֹ דִלְמָא, כֵּיוָן דְּלָא בְּעֵינֵיהּ אָכְלִי לֵיהּ אִינָשֵׁי – דַּעְתֵּיהּ אַמַּשֶּׁהוּ? תֵּיקוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava raises a dilemma:** If one says: On my **oath I will not eat a grape seed, how much** must he eat **in** order to be liable? Is the *halakha* that **since it is** ordinarily **eaten in a mixture,** i.e., as part of a grape, **his intention is** that the prohibition applies **to** a complete **olive-bulk** measure of grape seeds? **Or perhaps, since people do not eat it by itself** but always in a mixture, **his intention is** to be liable **for** eating **any amount.** The Gemara concludes: The dilemma **shall stand** unresolved.


###### Shevuot 22b:8
[Shevuot 22b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:8)

בָּעֵי רַב אָשֵׁי: נָזִיר שֶׁאָמַר ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל חַרְצָן״, בְּכַמָּה? דְּכֵיוָן דִּכְזַיִת אִיסּוּרָא דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא הוּא, כִּי קָא מִשְׁתְּבַע – אַהֶתֵּירָא קָא מִשְׁתְּבַע, וְדַעְתֵּיהּ אַמַּשֶּׁהוּ; אוֹ דִלְמָא, כֵּיוָן דְּאָמַר ״שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, דַּעְתֵּיהּ אַכְּזַיִת?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rav Ashi raises a dilemma:** In the case of **a nazirite who says:** On my **oath I will not eat a grape seed, how much** must he eat **in** order to be liable? A nazirite is prohibited from eating grape seeds (see Numbers 6:4). Is the *halakha* **that since** eating **an olive-bulk is a prohibition by Torah law, when he takes an oath** of this sort, **he is taking the oath to** prohibit **that which is permitted** to him **and his intention** in taking the oath is **to** prohibit eating **any amount? Or perhaps, since he said: I will not eat** a grape seed, **his intention** is that the prohibition applies **to an olive-bulk,** which is the standard measure for what is considered eating.


###### Shevuot 22b:9
[Shevuot 22b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:9)

תָּא שְׁמַע: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, וְאָכַל נְבֵילוֹת וּטְרֵיפוֹת, שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים – חַיָּיב. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. וְהָוֵינַן בַּהּ: אַמַּאי חַיָּיב? מוּשְׁבָּע וְעוֹמֵד מֵהַר סִינַי הוּא! רַב וּשְׁמוּאֵל וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן דְּאָמְרִי: בְּכוֹלֵל דְּבָרִים הַמּוּתָּרִין עִם דְּבָרִים הָאֲסוּרִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **Come** and **hear** proof from a mishna (22b): With regard to one who said: On my **oath I will not eat, and** then **ate** the meat of unslaughtered **carcasses or *tereifot*, repugnant creatures or creeping animals,** he is **liable. And Rabbi Shimon deems** him **exempt. And we discussed it: Why** is he **liable** for violating his oath when he eats non-kosher food? **He is already under oath from Mount Sinai** not to eat forbidden food, and an oath cannot take effect to prohibit that which is already forbidden. **Rav and Shmuel and Rabbi Yoḥanan** all **say** that this is a case **where he incorporates** into the oath that he will not eat some **permitted items, along with** the statement concerning the **forbidden items.** Since the oath takes effect with regard to the permitted items, it extends also to the forbidden ones.


###### Shevuot 22b:10
[Shevuot 22b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:10)

וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר: אִי אַתָּה מוֹצֵא אֶלָּא אִי בִּמְפָרֵשׁ חֲצִי שִׁיעוּר, וְאַלִּיבָּא דְרַבָּנַן; אִי בִּסְתָם, וְאַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא דְּאָמַר: אָדָם אוֹסֵר עַצְמוֹ בְּכׇל שֶׁהוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Reish Lakish says: You find** that one is liable for eating non-kosher food after taking an oath not to eat **only if** it is both a case **where** he **specifies** in the oath that his oath includes **a half-measure and in accordance with** the opinion **of the Rabbis** that one is not liable for eating a half-measure unless it is specified in the oath. Since eating a half-measure is not prohibited by the Torah, the oath takes effect. Alternatively, you find that one is liable **if** he took the oath **without specifying** that the oath prohibits less than the usual measure **and in accordance with** the opinion **of Rabbi Akiva, who says** that **a person renders himself prohibited from** eating **any amount** by taking an oath not to eat.


###### Shevuot 22b:11
[Shevuot 22b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:11)

וְהָא נְבֵילָה – דְּמוּשְׁבָּע וְעוֹמֵד מֵהַר סִינַי הוּא, דְּכִי חַרְצָן לְגַבֵּי נָזִיר דָּמְיָא; וְטַעְמָא דְּפָרֵישׁ, הָא לָא פָּרֵישׁ – דַּעְתֵּיהּ אַכְּזַיִת! שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **But isn’t a carcass** an item for **which one is already under oath from Mount Sinai?** In that respect it **resembles a grape seed for a nazirite, and** yet **the reason** that Reish Lakish says he is liable according to the Rabbis is **that he specified** that the oath prohibits him from eating even a half-measure, indicating **that** if he **did not specify, his intention** is that the oath refer **to an olive-bulk. Conclude from it** that a nazirite who takes an oath not to eat a grape seed is liable only if he eats an olive-bulk.


###### Shevuot 22b:12
[Shevuot 22b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:12)

אֶלָּא תִּפְשׁוֹט דְּבָעֵי רָבָא: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל עָפָר״, בְּכַמָּה? תִּפְשׁוֹט דְּעַד דְּאִיכָּא כְּזַיִת – דְּהָא נְבֵילָה כְּעָפָר דָּמְיָא; וְטַעְמָא דְּפָרֵישׁ, הָא לֹא פָּרִישׁ – דַּעְתֵּיהּ אַכְּזַיִת!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But** according to this, **resolve** the dilemma **that Rava raises** with regard to one who says: On my **oath I will not eat dirt,** asking **how much** he must eat **in** order to be liable? **Resolve** the dilemma by saying that he is not liable **unless** he eats **an olive-bulk, since a carcass resembles dirt, and the reason** he is liable is **that he specified** that the oath prohibits him from eating even a half-measure, indicating **that** if he **did not specify, his intention is** that the oath refers **to an olive-bulk.**


###### Shevuot 22b:13
[Shevuot 22b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:13)

לֹא; עָפָר – לָאו בַּר אֲכִילָה הוּא כְּלָל; נְבֵילָה – בַּת אֲכִילָה, וְאַרְיָא הוּא דִּרְבִיעַ עִילָּוַוהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **No,** the dilemma cannot be resolved based on this comparison. **Dirt is entirely inedible. A carcass,** by contrast, **is edible, but a lion crouches on it,** i.e., eating it is prohibited by the Torah. Therefore, one cannot derive the *halakha* concerning dirt from the *halakha* concerning a carcass.


###### Shevuot 22b:14
[Shevuot 22b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:14)

**מַתְנִי׳** ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, וְאָכַל וְשָׁתָה – אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת. ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל וְשֶׁלֹּא אֶשְׁתֶּה״, וְאָכַל וְשָׁתָה – חַיָּיב שְׁתַּיִם. ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, וְאָכַל פַּת חִטִּין וּפַת שְׂעוֹרִין וּפַת כּוּסְּמִין – אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת. ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל פַּת חִטִּין וּפַת שְׂעוֹרִין וּפַת כּוּסְּמִין״, וְאָכַל – חַיָּיב עַל כׇּל אַחַת וְאַחַת. ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֶשְׁתֶּה״, וְשָׁתָה מַשְׁקִין הַרְבֵּה – אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת. ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֶשְׁתֶּה יַיִן וְשֶׁמֶן וּדְבַשׁ״, וְשָׁתָה – חַיָּיב עַל כׇּל אַחַת וְאַחַת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** If one said: On my **oath I will not eat, and** then he **ate and drank, he is liable** to bring **only one** offering, because an oath to refrain from eating includes refraining from drinking. If he said: On my **oath I will not eat and I will not drink, and** then he **ate and drank,** he is **liable** to bring **two** offerings. If he said: On my **oath I will not eat, and** then he **ate wheat bread and barley bread and spelt bread, he is liable** to bring **only one** offering. If he said: On my **oath I will not eat wheat bread or barley bread or spelt bread, and** then he **ate** all of them, he is **liable** to bring an offering **for each and every one.** If he said: On my **oath I will not drink, and** then he **drank several** kinds of **liquids, he is liable** to bring **only one** offering. If he said: On my **oath I will not drink wine or oil or honey, and** then **he drank** all of them, he is **liable** to bring an offering **for each and every one.**


###### Shevuot 22b:15
[Shevuot 22b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:15)

״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, וְאָכַל אֳוכָלִין שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִן לַאֲכִילָה, וְשָׁתָה מַשְׁקִין שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִן לִשְׁתִיָּה – פָּטוּר. ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, וְאָכַל נְבֵילוֹת וּטְרֵיפוֹת, שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים – חַיָּיב. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. אָמַר: ״קוּנָּם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי אִם אָכַלְתִּי הַיּוֹם״, וְהוּא אָכַל נְבֵילוֹת וּטְרֵיפוֹת, שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים – הֲרֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ אֲסוּרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If he said: On my **oath I will not eat, and he ate foods that are inedible or drank liquids that are not potable,** he is **exempt.** If he said: On my **oath I will not eat, and** then he **ate** the meat of unslaughtered **carcasses or *tereifot*, repugnant creatures or creeping animals,** he is **liable. And Rabbi Shimon deems** him **exempt,** since he is already under oath from Mount Sinai not to eat them and an oath cannot take effect where another oath is in force. But if he **said:** It is ***konam*** for **my wife to derive benefit from me if I ate today, and he had eaten carcasses or *tereifot*, repugnant creatures or creeping animals, his wife is prohibited** from deriving benefit from him.


###### Shevuot 22b:16
[Shevuot 22b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:16)

**גְּמָ׳** אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אָבִין אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, וְשָׁתָה – חַיָּיב. אִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא סְבָרָא, וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא קְרָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin says** that **Shmuel says:** If one said: On my **oath I will not eat, and** then **he drank,** he is **liable. If you wish,** you may **propose a logical argument** for this ruling, **and if you wish,** you may **cite a verse** to explain it.


###### Shevuot 22b:17
[Shevuot 22b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/22b:17)

אִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא סְבָרָא – דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ אִינָשׁ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: ״נִטְעוֹם מִידֵּי״, וְעָיְילִי וְאָכְלִי וְשָׁתוּ. וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא קְרָא – שְׁתִיָּה בִּכְלַל אֲכִילָה; דְּאָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: מִנַּיִן לִשְׁתִיָּה שֶׁהִיא בִּכְלַל אֲכִילָה? שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ וְתִירֹשְׁךָ״;

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **If you wish,** you may **propose a logical argument** for this ruling: It is clear that drinking is included in eating from the fact **that a person will say to another: Let’s** have **a taste** of **something, and they go in and eat and drink. And if you wish, cite a verse** as the source for this ruling, **as Reish Lakish says: From where** is it derived **that drinking is included in eating? It is** derived **from that** which **is stated: “And you shall eat before the Lord your God, in the place that He shall choose to cause His name to dwell there, the tithe of your grain, of your *tirosh*,** and of your oil” (Deuteronomy 14:23).