## Shevuot Daf 24a

###### Shevuot 24a:1
[Shevuot 24a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/24a:1)

בְּאִיסּוּר הַבָּא מֵאֵלָיו; בְּאִיסּוּר הַבָּא עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ לָא אָמְרִינַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
it is **with regard to a prohibition that occurs on its own,** like the prohibition against eating on Yom Kippur, which is more inclusive than the prohibition against eating non-kosher food and therefore takes effect. But **with regard to a prohibition that occurs by** the act of a person **himself,** i.e., an oath or a vow, **we do not say** that because it is more inclusive it can take effect also with regard to items that are already forbidden by Torah law.


###### Shevuot 24a:2
[Shevuot 24a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/24a:2)

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ, מִשּׁוּם הָכִי קָא פָטַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן; דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: כׇּל שֶׁהוּא לְמַכּוֹת, וְלֹא אָמְרוּ כְּזַיִת אֶלָּא לְקׇרְבָּן. אֶלָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דְּפָטַר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Granted, according to Reish Lakish,** who understands the mishna to be dealing with the case of one who took an oath about less than a full measure, it is **due to this** reason that **Rabbi Shimon deems exempt** one who takes an oath prohibiting himself from eating non-kosher food, **as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Shimon says: Any amount** is sufficient **to** render one liable to receive **lashes, and** the Sages **stated** the measure of **an olive-bulk** to determine **only** liability **to** bring **an offering.** According to Reish Lakish, Rabbi Shimon holds that one is already under oath from Mount Sinai even with regard to less than a full measure, and for that reason the oath does not take effect. **But according to Rabbi Yoḥanan,** who understands the mishna to be referring to an oath that includes erstwhile permitted items, **what is the reason that Rabbi Shimon deems one exempt** from bringing an offering for breaking his oath not to eat non-kosher food?


###### Shevuot 24a:3
[Shevuot 24a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/24a:3)

מִידֵּי הוּא טַעְמָא – אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל; רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לְטַעְמֵיהּ דְּלֵית לֵיהּ אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל. דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: הָאוֹכֵל נְבֵילָה בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים – פָּטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Isn’t the reason** that the first *tanna* holds that the individual is liable for violating his oath **only** due to the fact **that** the oath generates **a more inclusive prohibition?** In this matter **Rabbi Shimon** conforms **to his** standard line of **reasoning** in **that he does not hold** that a more **inclusive prohibition** takes effect where a preexisting prohibition is in place. This is in accordance with **that which is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Shimon says: One who eats non-kosher meat on Yom Kippur** is **exempt** from bringing an offering for eating on Yom Kippur, despite the fact that the prohibition against eating on Yom Kippur is a more inclusive prohibition than that of eating non-kosher meat, as on that day one may not eat anything.


###### Shevuot 24a:4
[Shevuot 24a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/24a:4)

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ, מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ בְּלָאו וָהֵן; אֶלָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, בִּשְׁלָמָא לָאו – מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ, אֶלָּא הֵן – הֵיכִי מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
From the verse: “Or if any one take an oath clearly with his lips to do evil, or to do good” (Leviticus 5:4), the Sages derived that one is liable to bring an offering for an oath on an utterance only when the oath is such that it could be inverted from the positive to the negative or vice versa. For example, one is liable for violating an oath to eat because one can also take an oath not to eat. The Gemara asks: **Granted, according to** the opinion of **Reish Lakish, you find** a case **where** the oath can be **negative or positive.** Therefore, one is liable according to the Rabbis when he takes an oath that he will eat any amount, since he could also take an oath that he will not eat any amount. **But according to** the opinion of **Rabbi Yoḥanan, granted,** that **you can find** a case of **a negative** oath, as the oath not to eat non-kosher animals takes effect when it includes other erstwhile permitted items. **But how can you find a positive** version of this oath? An oath to eat non-kosher animals cannot take effect, as eating non-kosher animals is prohibited by Torah law.


###### Shevuot 24a:5
[Shevuot 24a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/24a:5)

אֶלָּא כִּדְרָבָא, דְּאָמַר רָבָא: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל״, וְאָכַל עָפָר – פָּטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** do not distinguish between the former and the latter clauses of the mishna based on whether he specifies what he is eating. In both cases he takes an oath not to eat, without specifying. In the case where he eats something inedible, he is exempt, **in accordance with that which Rava** says, **as Rava says** that if one said: On my **oath I will not eat, and** he **ate dirt,** he **is exempt,** since eating an inedible substance is not considered to be eating. Eating non-kosher meat is considered to be eating; for that reason, the latter clause of the mishna states that one is liable for doing so if he took an oath not to eat. The oath takes effect with regard to the non-kosher items because, as Rabbi Yoḥanan noted, it includes items that would otherwise be permitted.


###### Shevuot 24a:6
[Shevuot 24a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/24a:6)

אָמַר רַב מָרִי, אַף אֲנַן נָמֵי תְּנֵינָא: ״קוּנָּם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי אִם אָכַלְתִּי הַיּוֹם״, וְאָכַל נְבֵילוֹת וּטְרֵיפוֹת, שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים – הֲרֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ אֲסוּרָה לוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Mari said: We learn** in the mishna (22b) **as well** that eating non-kosher food is considered eating, as if one said: It is ***konam*** for **my wife to derive benefit from me if I ate today, and he had eaten carcasses or *tereifot*, repugnant creatures or creeping animals, his wife is prohibited** from deriving benefit from **him.**


###### Shevuot 24a:7
[Shevuot 24a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/24a:7)

הָכִי הַשְׁתָּא?! הָתָם, כֵּיוָן דְּמֵעִיקָּרָא (אכל) [אַכְלֵיהּ] וַהֲדַר אִשְׁתְּבַע (ליה) [עֲלֵיהּ],

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **How can** these cases **be compared? There, since he initially ate** the forbidden item **and** only **then took an oath** saying that he did not eat,