## Shevuot Daf 28b

###### Shevuot 28b:1
[Shevuot 28b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:1)

שְׁתֵּיהֶן בְּמֵזִיד – אַכְלֵיהּ לִתְנָאֵיהּ וַהֲדַר אַכְלֵיהּ לְאִיסּוּרֵיהּ, מִיחַיַּיב; אַכְלֵיהּ לְאִיסּוּרֵיהּ וַהֲדַר אַכְלֵיהּ לִתְנָאֵיהּ, פְּלוּגְתָּא דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ – לְמַאן דְּאָמַר הַתְרָאַת סָפֵק שְׁמָהּ הַתְרָאָה, חַיָּיב; לְמַאן דְּאָמַר לָאו שְׁמָהּ הַתְרָאָה, פָּטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
In a case where he ate **both of them intentionally,** if he **ate** the loaf whose consumption was **his condition and then ate the forbidden** loaf, **he is liable** to receive lashes. If he **ate the forbidden** loaf **and then ate** the loaf whose consumption was **his condition,** his liability is the subject of **a dispute between Rabbi Yoḥanan and Reish Lakish. According to the one who says that an uncertain forewarning is deemed** a valid **forewarning,** he is **liable** to receive lashes. **According to the one who says** that an uncertain forewarning **is not deemed** a valid **forewarning,** he is **exempt.** Since when he was forewarned for eating the forbidden loaf it was uncertain whether it would actually become forbidden, that forewarning is not sufficient for him to be liable to receive lashes.


###### Shevuot 28b:2
[Shevuot 28b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:2)

תְּלָאָן זוֹ בָּזוֹ – ״לֹא אוֹכַל זוֹ אִם אוֹכַל זוֹ״, ״לֹא אוֹכַל זוֹ אִם אוֹכַל זוֹ״; וְאָכַל זוֹ בִּזְדוֹן עַצְמָהּ וּבְשִׁגְגַת חֲבֶירְתָּהּ, וְזוֹ בִּזְדוֹן עַצְמָהּ וּבְשִׁגְגַת חֲבֶירְתָּהּ – פָּטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one took an oath with regard to two loaves such that he **rendered them interdependent, this** one **on that** one, saying: **I will not eat that if I eat this,** and: **I will not eat this if I eat that, and he ate this one intentionally** with regard to **itself,** i.e., at the time he ate it he was aware that he had taken an oath that would render it forbidden if he ate the other, **but unwittingly** with regard to **the other,** i.e., he did not remember that in eating it he rendered the second one forbidden, **and** then he ate **that one intentionally** with regard to **itself but unwittingly** with regard to **the other,** he is **exempt,** as both conditions were fulfilled only unintentionally.


###### Shevuot 28b:3
[Shevuot 28b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:3)

זוֹ בְּשִׁגְגַת עַצְמָהּ וּבְזָדוֹן חֲבֶירְתָּהּ, וְזוֹ בְּשִׁגְגַת עַצְמָהּ וּבִזְדוֹן חֲבֶירְתָּהּ – חַיָּיב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If he ate **this** one **unwittingly** with regard to **itself,** having forgotten that it would be forbidden if he ate the other, **but intentionally** with regard to **the other,** understanding that with his action he rendered the other forbidden, **and that** one **unwittingly** with regard to **itself but intentionally** with regard to **the other,** he is **liable** to bring offerings for unwittingly breaking his oaths, as the conditions were fulfilled intentionally and the oaths took effect.


###### Shevuot 28b:4
[Shevuot 28b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:4)

שְׁתֵּיהֶן בְּשׁוֹגֵג – פָּטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If he ate **both of them unwittingly** he is **exempt,** as both conditions were fulfilled only unintentionally.


###### Shevuot 28b:5
[Shevuot 28b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:5)

שְׁתֵּיהֶן בְּמֵזִיד – אַשְּׁנִיָּה מִיחַיַּיב, אַרִאשׁוֹנָה פְּלוּגְתָּא דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If he ate **both of them intentionally, he is liable** to receive lashes **for** eating **the second** loaf, while **for the first** loaf his status depends on the **dispute between Rabbi Yoḥanan and Reish Lakish** with regard to an uncertain forewarning.


###### Shevuot 28b:6
[Shevuot 28b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:6)

אָמַר רַב מָרִי, אַף אֲנַן נָמֵי תְּנֵינָא: אַרְבָּעָה נְדָרִים הִתִּירוּ חֲכָמִים – נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, נִדְרֵי הֲבַאי, נִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, נִדְרֵי אֳונָסִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Mari said: We learn** in the mishna (*Nedarim* 20b) **as well** that if one takes an oath with a condition but then fulfills the condition only unwittingly, he is exempt: **The Sages dissolved four** types of **vows** without the requirement of a request to a halakhic authority: **Vows of exhortation, vows of exaggeration, unwitting vows, and vows** whose fulfillment is impeded by **circumstances beyond** one’s **control.**


###### Shevuot 28b:7
[Shevuot 28b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:7)

נִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת כֵּיצַד? ״קוּנָּם אִם אָכַלְתִּי וְאִם שָׁתִיתִי״, וְנִזְכַּר שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׁתָה; ״שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל שֶׁאֵינִי שׁוֹתֶה״, שָׁכַח וְאָכַל וְשָׁתָה – מוּתָּר. וְתָנֵי עֲלַהּ: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁנִּדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת מוּתָּרִין, כָּךְ שְׁבוּעוֹת שְׁגָגוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna elaborates (see *Nedarim* 25b): **Unwitting vows, how so?** If one says: A certain item is **forbidden** to me **like an offering [*konam*] if I ate or if I drank, and** he then **remembers that he ate or drank,** or if one says: This loaf is *konam* for me if **I** will **eat or** if **I** will **drink, and he** then **forgets and eats or drinks,** the item **is permitted. And it is taught** in a *baraita* **with regard to** that mishna: **Just as unwitting vows are dissolved, so are unwitting oaths dissolved,** since he fulfilled the condition while lacking awareness that he was doing so.


###### Shevuot 28b:8
[Shevuot 28b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:8)

שְׁבוּעוֹת שְׁגָגוֹת הֵיכִי דָּמֵי – לָאו כִּי הַאי גַּוְונָא? שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara clarifies: **What are the circumstances** of **unwitting oaths? Is it not a case like this,** where he takes an oath with a condition and then fulfills the condition of the oath unwittingly? **Conclude from** that mishna that there is support for Rava’s opinion.


###### Shevuot 28b:9
[Shevuot 28b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:9)

עֵיפָא תָּנֵי שְׁבוּעוֹת בֵּי רַבָּה. פְּגַע בֵּיהּ אֲבִימִי אֲחוּהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אָכַלְתִּי״ ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אָכַלְתִּי״, מַהוּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִישְׁתַּבַּשְׁתְּ, הֲרֵי יָצְאָה שְׁבוּעָה לַשֶּׁקֶר!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ It is related that the Sage **Eifa learned** tractate ***Shevuot* in the academy of Rabba. His brother Avimi met him** and tested him concerning the *halakhot* of oaths. Avimi **said to him:** If one says: On my **oath I did not eat,** and then again: On my **oath I did not eat, what is** the *halakha*? Eifa **said to him: He is liable only once** if he ate. Avimi **said to him: You have confused** the issue. Since the oaths are about the past, it is not a question of whether the second oath takes effect. Each time, **a false oath was issued,** and each was a separate transgression.


###### Shevuot 28b:10
[Shevuot 28b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:10)

״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל תֵּשַׁע וְעֶשֶׂר״, מַהוּ? חַיָּיב עַל כׇּל אַחַת וְאַחַת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִישְׁתַּבַּשְׁתְּ, אִי תֵּשַׁע לָא אָכֵיל, עֶשֶׂר לָא אָכֵיל!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Avimi asked him further: If one said: On my **oath I will not eat nine** pieces **and** on my oath I will not eat **ten, what is** the *halakha*? Eifa replied: **He is liable for each and every one** of the oaths, as the scope of the second oath is broader than that of the first. Avimi **said to him: You have confused** the issue: **If he may not eat nine, he may not eat ten.** The oath not to eat ten cannot take effect, since it is an action already prohibited by the oath not to eat nine.


###### Shevuot 28b:11
[Shevuot 28b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:11)

״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל עֶשֶׂר וָתֵשַׁע״, מַהוּ? אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִישְׁתַּבַּשְׁתְּ, עֶשֶׂר הוּא דְּלָא אָכֵיל, הָא תֵּשַׁע מִיהָא אָכֵיל!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Avimi asked him further: If one said: On my **oath I will not eat ten and** on my oath I will not eat **nine, what is** the *halakha*? Eifa replied: **He is liable** for **only one** oath. Avimi **said to him: You have confused** the issue. According to the first oath, it **is ten that he may not eat, but he may still eat nine,** so the second oath takes effect, in that it prohibits him from eating nine.


###### Shevuot 28b:12
[Shevuot 28b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/28b:12)

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: זִימְנִין דְּמַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ לְהָא דְּעֵיפָא, כִּדְמָר. דְּאָמַר רַבָּה: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים״, וְחָזַר וְאָמַר: ״שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל תְּאֵנִים״;

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said:** There are **times when you find that** the ruling **of Eifa** with regard to an oath not to eat ten followed by an oath not to eat nine applies, **as** in the case mentioned by **the Master. As Rabba says:** In the case of one who says: On my **oath I will not eat figs and grapes** together, **and then says:** On my **oath I will not eat figs,**