## Shevuot Daf 2a

###### Shevuot 2a:1
[Shevuot 2a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/2a:1)

מַתְנִי׳ **שְׁבוּעוֹת** – שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** With regard to **oaths** on an utterance of the lips, there are **two** types **that are** actually **four** types. The Torah specifies only two types of oaths whose violation renders one liable to bring a sliding-scale offering to atone for his transgression (see Leviticus 5:4): Where a person takes an oath to perform some action, and where he takes an oath to refrain from performing some action. With regard to both types, the Torah explicitly mentions liability only for an oath pertaining to one’s future behavior. Nevertheless, the Sages derive that one is also liable for a violation of both types of oaths when they pertain to one’s past behavior. Accordingly, although only two types are explicitly mentioned in the Torah, the Sages derive that there are actually four types.


###### Shevuot 2a:2
[Shevuot 2a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/2a:2)

יְדִיעוֹת הַטּוּמְאָה – שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna lists similar groups of *halakhot*. With regard to cases of **awareness of the defiling** of the Temple by entering it while one is ritually impure, or defiling its sacrificial foods by partaking of them while one is ritually impure, there are **two** types **that are** actually **four.** It is prohibited for an impure person to enter the Temple (see Numbers 19:20) or to partake of its sacrificial foods (see Leviticus 7:19–20). If one transgressed either prohibition during a lapse of awareness, then upon becoming aware of his transgression, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering (see Leviticus 5:2). The Torah specifies that one is liable to bring the offering only in the case in which he had a lapse of awareness of the fact that he was impure. The Sages derive that one is liable not only in these two cases, but also where he was aware of his personal status but had a lapse of awareness concerning the identity of the place he was entering or the status of the foods he ate.


###### Shevuot 2a:3
[Shevuot 2a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/2a:3)

יְצִיאוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת – שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to acts of **carrying out** that are prohibited **on Shabbat,** there are **two** types **that are** actually **four.** On Shabbat, it is prohibited to transfer an item from domain to domain. The Torah explicitly refers to only two cases, both of which involve an item being transferred from a private domain to a public domain: Where the transfer is made by a person who remains in the public domain, and where the transfer is made by a person who remains in the private domain. The Sages derive that liability is incurred in these cases also if the item is transferred from the public domain to the private domain. Although only two types are mentioned by the Torah, the Sages derive that there are actually four types.


###### Shevuot 2a:4
[Shevuot 2a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/2a:4)

מַרְאוֹת נְגָעִים – שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to **shades of** leprous **marks** on a person’s skin, there are **two** types **that are** actually **four.** The Torah specifies that if a leprous mark appears on a person’s skin, the afflicted person must undergo a process of purification and then bring various offerings. Part of the classification of these types of leprosy is based on their shade of white. Two types of marks are explicitly mentioned in the Torah, and the Sages derive that each of these two types has a secondary mark.


###### Shevuot 2a:5
[Shevuot 2a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/2a:5)

אֶת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ יְדִיעָה בַּתְּחִלָּה וִידִיעָה בַּסּוֹף וְהֶעְלֵם בֵּינָתַיִם – הֲרֵי זֶה בְּעוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna returns to the subject of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods. It elaborates on which offerings atone for different cases of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods: In cases **in which** one **had awareness,** i.e., he knew he was ritually impure and was aware of the sanctity of the Temple or foods involved **at the beginning,** i.e., before he transgressed, **and** had **awareness at the end,** i.e., after the transgression, **but** had **a lapse of awareness** of one of those two components **in between,** while he actually transgressed, **this** person is liable **to** bring **a sliding-scale** offering.


###### Shevuot 2a:6
[Shevuot 2a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/2a:6)

יֵשׁ בָּהּ יְדִיעָה בַּתְּחִלָּה וְאֵין בָּהּ יְדִיעָה בַּסּוֹף – שָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִּפְנִים וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים תּוֹלֶה, עַד שֶׁיִּוָּדַע לוֹ וְיָבִיא בְּעוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
For cases **in which** one **had awareness at the beginning,** transgressed during a lapse of awareness, **and** still **had no awareness at the end,** the **goat whose** blood presentation is **performed inside** the Sanctuary on Yom Kippur, **and Yom Kippur** itself, **suspend** any punishment that he deserves **until he becomes aware** of his transgression; **and** then to achieve atonement **he brings a sliding-scale** offering.


###### Shevuot 2a:7
[Shevuot 2a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/2a:7)

אֵין בָּהּ יְדִיעָה בַּתְּחִלָּה אֲבָל יֵשׁ בָּהּ יְדִיעָה בַּסּוֹף – שָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בַּחוּץ וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״מִלְּבַד חַטַּאת הַכִּפּוּרִים״ – עַל מַה שֶּׁזֶּה מְכַפֵּר, זֶה מְכַפֵּר; מַה הַפְּנִימִי אֵין מְכַפֵּר אֶלָּא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ יְדִיעָה, אַף הַחִיצוֹן אֵין מְכַפֵּר אֶלָּא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ יְדִיעָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
For cases in which one **did not have awareness at the beginning but had awareness at the end,** the **goat whose** blood presentation is **performed outside** the Sanctuary, i.e., the goat of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur, **and Yom Kippur** itself, **atone, as it is stated** with regard to the offerings brought on Yom Kippur: “One goat for a sin-offering **aside from the sin-offering of the atonements”** (Numbers 29:11). The verse juxtaposes the internal and external goats together to teach that **for that which this** one **atones, that** one **atones. Just as the internal** goat, i.e., the one whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary, **atones only for a case in which there was awareness** of the components of the transgression at some point, i.e., at the beginning, **so too, the external** goat, i.e., the goat of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur, **atones only for a case in which there was awareness** at some point, i.e., at the end.


###### Shevuot 2a:8
[Shevuot 2a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/2a:8)

וְעַל שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ יְדִיעָה לֹא בַּתְּחִלָּה וְלֹא בַּסּוֹף – שְׂעִירֵי הָרְגָלִים וּשְׂעִירֵי רָאשֵׁי חֳדָשִׁים מְכַפְּרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: שְׂעִירֵי הָרְגָלִים מְכַפְּרִין, אֲבָל לֹא שְׂעִירֵי רָאשֵׁי חֳדָשִׁים. וְעַל מַה שְּׂעִירֵי רָאשֵׁי חֳדָשִׁים מְכַפְּרִין?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And for** cases in **which** one **did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end,** the **goats** brought as sin-offerings for the additional offerings **of the Festivals and** the **goats** brought as sin-offerings for the additional offerings **of** the **New Moons atone.** This is **the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says:** The **goats of the Festivals atone** for cases in which one never had awareness of the transgression, **but** the **goats of** the **New Moons** do **not. But** if so, **for what do** the **goats of** the **New Moons atone?**