## Shevuot Daf 49a

###### Shevuot 49a:1
[Shevuot 49a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:1)

לַכֹּל מְגַלְגְּלִין, חוּץ מִשָּׂכִיר – שֶׁאֵין מְגַלְגְּלִין. רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר: לַכֹּל אֵין מְקִילִּין, חוּץ מִשָּׂכִיר – דִּמְקִילִּין. מַאי בֵּינַיְיהוּ? אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ לִפְתּוֹחַ לוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Any** oath, including one incurred by rabbinic law, **may be extended** to render the person who takes it liable to take an additional oath, **except for** the oath of **a hired worker, which may not be extended,** since the hired worker’s oath was instituted only to alleviate the concerns of the employer. **Rav Ḥisda says:** For **everyone,** the Sages **are not lenient,** in that they extend any oath they incur to impose upon them additional oaths, **except for a hired worker,** for **whom they are lenient.** The Gemara asks: **What** is the difference **between** the rulings of Rav Huna and Rav Ḥisda? The Gemara answers: **There is** a practical difference **between them** as to whether the court **initiates** extending an oath **for him,** i.e., even when the other litigant has not suggested it, the court extends the original oath to include an oath about other claims.


###### Shevuot 49a:2
[Shevuot 49a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:2)

וְהַשְּׁבִיעִית מְשַׁמֶּטֶת כּוּ׳. מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַב גִּידֵּל אָמַר רַב, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״וְזֶה דְּבַר הַשְּׁמִטָּה״ – וַאֲפִילּוּ דִּיבּוּר מְשַׁמֶּטֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches: **The Sabbatical** Year **abrogates** the obligation to take an oath about a debt, just like it abrogates a debt. The Gemara asks: **From where is this matter** derived? **Rav Giddel says** that **Rav says:** It is derived from the fact **that the verse states: “And this is the matter [*devar*] of the release:** Every creditor shall release that which he has lent to his neighbor; he shall not exact it of his neighbor and his brother, because the Lord’s release has been proclaimed” (Deuteronomy 15:2). Since the word *devar* also means statement, **this teaches that the Sabbatical Year releases,** i.e., abrogates, **even a statement,** i.e., an oath.


###### Shevuot 49a:3
[Shevuot 49a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:3)

**הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ כׇּל הַנִּשְׁבָּעִין**


###### Shevuot 49a:4
[Shevuot 49a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:4)

מַתְנִי׳ **אַרְבָּעָה שׁוֹמְרִין** הֵן: שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם וְהַשּׁוֹאֵל, נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר וְהַשּׂוֹכֵר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **There are four** types of **bailees,** to whom different *halakhot* apply. They are as follows: **An unpaid bailee,** who receives no compensation for safeguarding the item in his care; **and a borrower,** who receives an item on loan for his own use without paying a rental fee; **a paid bailee,** who is paid a salary for safeguarding the deposited item; **and a renter,** i.e., one who pays a fee for the use of an item or animal.


###### Shevuot 49a:5
[Shevuot 49a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:5)

שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם נִשְׁבָּע עַל הַכֹּל, וְהַשּׁוֹאֵל מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַכֹּל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
In the event that one of these bailees is unable to return the deposited item to its owner, the *halakha* with regard to liability is dependent upon what happened to the item, and upon the type of bailee: **An unpaid bailee takes an oath** attesting to the fact that he was not negligent with the care of the item and is then exempt from liability **for everything,** meaning for all types of damage, whether the item was lost, stolen, damaged, or if the animal died. Conversely, **a borrower** does not have the option of taking an oath, and **pays for everything,** whether the item was stolen, lost, damaged, or the animal died, even if it was by unavoidable accident.


###### Shevuot 49a:6
[Shevuot 49a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:6)

נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר וְהַשּׂוֹכֵר – נִשְׁבָּעִין עַל הַשְּׁבוּרָה וְעַל הַשְּׁבוּיָה וְעַל הַמֵּתָה, וּמְשַׁלְּמִין אֶת הָאֲבֵדָה וְאֶת הַגְּנֵיבָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *halakhot* of **a paid bailee and a renter** are the same: They **take an oath concerning an injured** animal, **and concerning a captured** one, **and concerning a dead** animal, attesting to the fact that these mishaps were not caused by negligence, but rather by unavoidable accident, and then are exempt from liability. **But they must pay** if the deposit cannot be returned due to **loss or theft,** even if these were not caused by negligence.


###### Shevuot 49a:7
[Shevuot 49a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:7)

אָמַר לְשׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם: ״הֵיכָן שׁוֹרִי?״ אָמַר לוֹ: ״מֵת״ – וְהוּא שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר אוֹ נִשְׁבָּה אוֹ נִגְנַב אוֹ אָבַד; ״נִשְׁבַּר״ – וְהוּא שֶׁמֵּת אוֹ נִשְׁבָּה אוֹ נִגְנַב אוֹ אָבַד. ״נִשְׁבָּה״ – וְהוּא שֶׁמֵּת אוֹ נִשְׁבַּר אוֹ נִגְנַב אוֹ אָבַד; ״נִגְנַב״ – וְהוּא שֶׁמֵּת אוֹ נִשְׁבַּר אוֹ נִשְׁבָּה אוֹ אָבַד; ״אָבַד״ – וְהוּא שֶׁמֵּת אוֹ נִשְׁבַּר אוֹ נִשְׁבָּה אוֹ נִגְנַב; ״מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אֲנִי״, וְאָמַר ״אָמֵן״ – פָּטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna clarifies: If the owner of an ox **said to an unpaid bailee: Where is my ox?** And the unpaid bailee **said to him: It died, but** the truth was **that it was injured or captured or stolen or lost;** or if the bailee responded: **It was injured, but** the truth was **that it died or was captured or stolen or lost;** or if he responded: **It was captured, but** the truth was **that it died or was injured or stolen or lost;** or if he responded: **It was stolen, but** the truth was **that it died or was injured or captured or lost;** or if he responded: **It was lost, but** the truth was **that it died or was injured or captured or stolen,** in any of the above cases, if the owner of the ox then said: **I administer an oath to you** concerning your claim, **and** the unpaid bailee **said: Amen,** he is **exempt** from bringing a guilt-offering, despite the fact that he took a false oath. The reason is that his false oath did not render him exempt from liability to pay.


###### Shevuot 49a:8
[Shevuot 49a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:8)

״הֵיכָן שׁוֹרִי?״ אָמַר לוֹ: ״אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אַתָּה סָח״ – וְהוּא שֶׁמֵּת אוֹ נִשְׁבַּר אוֹ נִשְׁבָּה אוֹ נִגְנַב אוֹ אָבַד; ״מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אֲנִי״, וְאָמַר ״אָמֵן״ – פָּטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If the owner says to an unpaid bailee: **Where is my ox?** And the unpaid bailee **said to him: I do not know what you are talking about, but** the truth was **that it died or was injured or captured or stolen or lost,** and the owner said: **I administer an oath to you** concerning your claim, **and** the unpaid bailee **said: Amen,** he is **exempt** from bringing a guilt-offering, since he would not have been liable to pay in any of these cases.


###### Shevuot 49a:9
[Shevuot 49a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:9)

״הֵיכָן שׁוֹרִי?״ אָמַר לוֹ: ״אָבַד״; ״מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אֲנִי״, וְאָמַר ״אָמֵן״; וְהָעֵדִים מְעִידִים אוֹתוֹ שֶׁאֲכָלוֹ – מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן. הוֹדָה מֵעַצְמוֹ – מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וָחוֹמֶשׁ וְאָשָׁם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
But if the owner said to the unpaid bailee: **Where is my ox?** And the unpaid bailee **said to him: It is lost,** and the owner said: **I administer an oath to you** concerning your claim, **and** the unpaid bailee **said: Amen, and** then **witnesses testify that** the bailee **consumed it,** he **pays** the owner **the principal,** since he took the ox for himself. But if there were no witnesses, but after he took the oath **he admitted of his own** accord that he stole the ox and took a false oath, then he **pays** the owner the **principal and** the additional **one-fifth** payment, **and** he brings **a guilt-offering** to achieve atonement, as in any other case where one takes a false oath with regard to a deposit.


###### Shevuot 49a:10
[Shevuot 49a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:10)

״הֵיכָן שׁוֹרִי?״ וְאָמַר לוֹ: ״נִגְנַב״; ״מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אֲנִי״, וְאָמַר ״אָמֵן״; וְהָעֵדִים מְעִידִים אוֹתוֹ שֶׁגְּנָבוֹ – מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל. הוֹדָה מֵעַצְמוֹ – מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וָחוֹמֶשׁ וְאָשָׁם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Similarly, if the owner said to the unpaid bailee: **Where is my ox? And** the unpaid bailee **said to him: It was stolen,** and the owner said: **I administer an oath to you** concerning your claim, **and** the unpaid bailee **said: Amen, and** then **witnesses testify that** the bailee **stole it,** he **pays double** the principal. **If he admitted of his own** accord that he stole it, then he is exempt from double payment for theft, but **pays** the **principal and** the additional **one-fifth** payment, **and** brings **a guilt-offering** to achieve atonement.


###### Shevuot 49a:11
[Shevuot 49a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:11)

אָמַר לְאֶחָד בַּשּׁוּק: ״הֵיכָן שׁוֹרִי שֶׁגָּנַבְתָּ?״ הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״לֹא גָּנַבְתִּי״, וְהָעֵדִים מְעִידִים אוֹתוֹ שֶׁגְּנָבוֹ – מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל. טָבַח וּמָכַר – מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה. רָאָה עֵדִים שֶׁמְּמַשְׁמְשִׁין וּבָאִין, אָמַר: ״גָּנַבְתִּי, אֲבָל לֹא טָבַחְתִּי וְלֹא מָכַרְתִּי״ – אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶלָּא קֶרֶן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If the owner of an ox **said to someone in the marketplace,** i.e., a stranger who was not a bailee: **Where is my ox that you stole?** And the accused **says: I did not steal** it, **and** then **witnesses testify that** the accused **did steal it,** he **pays the double payment.** If **he slaughtered or sold** it, he **pays the fourfold or fivefold payment.** If the accused **saw witnesses that were approaching** to testify against him, and at that point **he said:** I admit that **I stole** the animal **but I did not slaughter or sell** it, **he pays only** the **principal.**


###### Shevuot 49a:12
[Shevuot 49a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shevuot/r/49a:12)

אָמַר לְשׁוֹאֵל: ״הֵיכָן שׁוֹרִי?״ אָמַר לוֹ:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If the owner **said to a borrower: Where is my ox?** And the borrower **said to him:**