## Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim Siman 620

###### Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 620:1
[Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 620:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shulchan%20Arukh%2C%20Orach%20Chayim/r/620:1)

**מנהג יפה לקצר בתפלת שחרית. ובו סעיף אחד:**
טוב לקצר בפיוטים ובסליחו' שחרי' כדי למהר בענין שיתפלל מוסף קודם שבע שעות:

**Mishna Berura Yomi:**
**“It is a good custom to shorten the Morning Prayer” - Containing one paragraph.**
It is good to shorten the poems and the penitential prayers of the Morning Service so as to speed up the matter so that one can pray the Additional Service¹⁶⁶, מוסף, the Additional Service; is a special section of prayers that is added to the Morning Service on Sabbaths, festivals, and New Moons which corresponds to the additional sacrifice that was made on these days in the Temple. In the Bible (Numbers 28-29) additional offerings are prescribed to be brought on Sabbaths, the three pilgrimage festivals, Sukkot, Pesaḥ, and Shavuot, Rosh HaShanah, Yom Kippur, and Rosh Ḥodesh (New Moons). Talmud tractate *Yoma* 33a states that this Additional Sacrifice was to be made after the regular Morning Sacrifice. After the Temple was destroyed the *Musaf* Service found its place after the *Shaḥarit* (see footnote 17) Service in the prayers on these Sabbaths and festivals. The *Musaf* Service now comes immediately after the Torah Service, where the Torah and *Haftarah* (see footnote 170) are read, which follows the Morning Prayers on Sabbaths, festivals, and New Moons. *Musaf* can be recited anytime during the day, but one who recites it after the seventh hour (1:00 P.M. according to our time system except on Yom Kippur, see footnote 167) is considered a transgressor.
The *Musaf* Service begins with the reader's recitation of the half-*Kaddish*, or praise of God (see footnote 177), which is followed by the *Musaf Amidah* (see footnote 43). This *Amidah* normally consists of seven benedictions, the first and last three being the same as is always said, and the middle benediction known as *Kedushat ha-Yom*, "Sanctity of the Day". In the case of the *Musaf* Service the middle benediction has an introductory paragraph followed by a prayer for the restoration of the Temple Service, and it concludes with the section from the Torah which deals with the particular Additional Sacrifice made on that Sabbath or festival.
On Rosh HaShanah the *Musaf Amidah* takes on a unique configuration. It has three central benedictions, thus making a total of nine benedictions in the *Amidah*. The three benedictions cover the theme of the holy day, *malkhuyyot* (kingships), *zikhronot* (remembrances), and *shofarot* (Ram's Horns, see footnote 221).
The *Musaf Amidah* after being recited silently is repeated outloud by the reader (see footnote 42). On the Sabbath, the *Musaf Amidah* is made up of twenty-two verses following the Hebrew alphabet backwards, and a description of the *Musaf* Sacrifice found in Numbers 28:9-10. The *Musaf Amidah* takes on a slightly different form for each festival. On the Day of Atonement, the *Amidah* opens with the usual three benedictions. This is followed by the description of the Additional Sacrifices made on Yom Kippur found in Numbers 29:7-8. After this a prayer for the forgiveness of sins is found. The Confession, the *Al Ḥet* and *Ashamnu* Prayers (see footnote 45), form the most important part of the *Amidah* as they do in the other *Amidot* of Yam Kippur. Various *piyyutim* (see footnote 149) are added in the reader's repetition of the *Musaf Amidah* on Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur.
Aaron Rothkoff, *E*. *J*., v. 12, pp. 532-34. before the seventh hour (1:00 P.M.).¹⁶⁷

footnotes:
¹⁶⁶ Musaf
¹⁶⁷ In halakhic literature the daylight hours were divided up into twelve equal parts regardless of how short or long the day was at various times of the year. In rough terms we can think of daylight beginning at 6:00 A.M. and ending at 6:00 P.M. Therefore the first hour of the day, in halakhic terms begins at 6:00 A.M. and ends at 7:00 A.M. We need then only add six to the halakhic hour to get the approximate corresponding time in our system. Therefore the seventh hour for us would be seven plus six, which is thirteen o'clock or, in other words 1:00 P.M.