## Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret

###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 1
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**אַתָּה הוּא** יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ שֶׁהִקְטִֽירוּ אֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ לְפָנֶֽיךָ אֶת קְטֹֽרֶת הַסַּמִּים בִּזְמַן שֶׁבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הָיָה קַיָּם כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָ אוֹתָם עַל יְדֵי משֶׁה נְבִיאֶֽךָ כַּכָּתוּב בְּתוֹרָתֶֽךָ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
You are Adonoy, our God, before Whom our fathers burned the incense of spices when the Holy Temple was standing, as You commanded them by the hand of Moses Your prophet, as it is written in Your Torah:


###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 2
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**וַיֹּֽאמֶר** יְהֹוָה אֶל־משֶׁה קַח־לְךָ סַמִּים נָטָף וּשְׁחֵֽלֶת וְחֶלְבְּ֒נָה סַמִּים וּלְבֹנָה זַכָּה בַּד בְּבַד יִהְיֶה: וְעָשִֽׂיתָ אֹתָהּ קְטֹֽרֶת רֹֽקַח מַעֲשֵׂה רוֹקֵֽחַ מְמֻלָּח טָהוֹר קֹֽדֶשׁ: וְשָׁחַקְתָּ מִמֶּֽנָּה הָדֵק וְנָתַתָּה מִמֶּֽנָּה לִפְנֵי הָעֵדֻת בְּאֹֽהֶל מוֹעֵד אֲשֶׁר אִוָּעֵד לְךָ שָֽׁמָּה קֹֽדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים תִּהְיֶה לָכֶם: וְנֶאֱמַר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
(Exodus 30:34-36)
And Adonoy said to Moses, Take for yourself spices— stacte, onycha, and galbanum—¹ spices, and pure frankincense, [they] shall be in equal weights. You will make it into incense, a compound mixed by a compounder, salted,² is rendered by Onkelos as mixed, to indicate that the spices should be well mixed together.—*Rashi* undefiled, and holy. You will pulverize some of it very fine, and place it before the [Ark of] Testimony³ in the Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you; it will be to you holy of holies.” It is also written:

footnotes:
¹ Galbanum has an offensive odor. The Torah includes it among the other spices to teach us to include even Jewish sinners among the rest of Jewry at our assemblies of fasting and prayers.—Rashi
² The Hebrew word, memulach
³ This incense was offered each day upon the Innermost Altar which is inside the Tent of Meeting.—Rashi


###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 3
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**וְהִקְטִיר** עָלָיו אַהֲרֹן קְטֹֽרֶת סַמִּים בַּבֹּֽקֶר בַּבֹּֽקֶר בְּהֵיטִיבוֹ אֶת־הַנֵּרֹת יַקְטִירֶֽנָּה: וּבְהַעֲלֹת אַהֲרֹן אֶת־הַנֵּרֹת בֵּין הָֽעַרְבַּֽיִם יַקְטִירֶֽנָּה קְטֹֽרֶת תָּמִיד לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
(Exodus 30:7-8)
And Aaron shall burn incense of spices upon it [the Altar] every morning; when he cleans the lamps he will burn it. And when Aaron lights the lamps in the afternoon, he will burn it; a constant incense-offering before Adonoy throughout your generations.


###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 4
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**תָּנוּ רַבָּנָן** פִּטּוּם הַקְּ֒טֹֽרֶת כֵּיצַד שְׁלֹש מֵאוֹת וְשִׁשִּׁים וּשְׁמוֹנָה מָנִים הָיוּ בָהּ, שְׁלֹש מֵאוֹת וְשִׁשִּׁים וַחֲמִשָּׁה כְּמִנְיַן יְמוֹת הַחַמָּה מָנֶה לְכָל יוֹם, פְּרַס בַּשַּׁחֲרִית וּפְרַס בֵּין הָעַרְבָּֽיִם, וּשְׁלשָׁה מָנִים יְתֵרִים שֶׁמֵּהֶם מַכְנִיס כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מְלֹא חָפְנָיו בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וּמַחֲזִירָן לְמַכְתֶּֽשֶׁת בְּעֶֽרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וְשׁוֹחֲקָן יָפֶה יָפֶה כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּ֒הֵא דַקָּה מִן הַדַּקָּה, וְאַחַד עָשָׂר סַמָּנִים הָֽיוּ בָהּ, וְאֵֽלּוּ הֵן: הַצֳּרִי וְהַצִּפֹּֽרֶן הַחֶלְבְּ֒נָה וְהַלְּ֒בוֹנָה מִשְׁקַל שִׁבְעִים שִׁבְעִים מָנֶה, מוֹר וּקְצִיעָה שִׁבֹּֽלֶת נֵרְדְּ וְכַרְכֹּם מִשְׁקַל שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר מָנֶה, הַקּשְׁטְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר וְקִלּוּפָה שְׁלשָׁה וְקִנָּמוֹן תִּשְׁעָה, בֹּרִית כַּרְשִׁינָה תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין, יֵין קַפְרִיסִין סְאִין תְּלָתָא וְקַבִּין תְּלָתָא, וְאִם אֵין לוֹ יֵין קַפְרִיסִין מֵבִיא חֲמַר חִוַּרְיָן עַתִּיק, מֶֽלַח סְדוֹמִית רֹֽבַע הַקָּב, מַעֲלֶה עָשָׁן כָּל שֶׁהוּא, רַבִּי נָתָן הַבַּבְלִי אוֹמֵר אַף כִּפַּת הַיַּרְדֵּן כָּל שֶׁהוּא, וְאִם נָֽתַן בָּהּ דְּבַשׁ פְּסָלָהּ וְאִם חִסַּר אַחַת מִכָּל־סַמָּנֶֽיהָ חַיָּב מִיתָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
(Maseches Kreisos 6a; Jerusalem Talmud, Maseches Yoma 4:5)
The Rabbis taught: How was the incense compounded? Three hundred and sixty-eight *manim*⁴ is a weight; plural, *manim*. were comprised therein, three hundred and sixty-five corresponding to the number of days in the solar year, one *maneh* for each day— half in the morning and half in the afternoon. From the three remaining *manim* the Kohein Gadol brought two handfuls [into the Holy of Holies] on Yom Kippur; [for which purpose] they were put back into the mortar on the eve of Yom Kippur, and ground [again] very thoroughly, in order to make them very fine. Eleven kinds of spices were used for it. They were: 1) balm, 2) onycha, 3) galbanum, 4) frankincense— by weight, seventy *maneh* of each; 5) myrrh, 6) cassia, 7) spikenard and 8) saffron— in weight sixteen *maneh* of each; 9) twelve *maneh* of costus, 10) three of aromatic bark, and 11) nine of cinnamon. [Also used in the incense compound were:] Nine *kabin*⁵ is a sixth of a *se’ah*. of Carshina lye, Cyprus wine [measuring] three *s’in* and three *kabin*— if he had no Cyprus wine, he could use strong white wine— a fourth of a *kab* of Sodom salt, and a minute quantity of *maaleh ashan.*⁶ Rabbi Nosson of Babylonia says, Jordan amber was added of a minute quantity, and if one added honey,⁷ it (the incense) became unfit; and if one omitted⁸ any of its spices he was liable to the death penalty.”⁹

footnotes:
⁴ A maneh
⁵ A kab
⁶ This herb causes the smoke of the burning incense to ascend in a straight line.
⁷ Included are various sweeteners such as dates and other fruits.
⁸ The same is true if one were to add to the prescribed number of eleven spices.—Etz Yosef
⁹ The death penalty was given only if the Kohein Gadol actually entered the Holy of Holies with incense which was unfit. This was considered as an unwarranted entry into the Holy of Holies which carried the death decree.—Rashi


###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 5
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**רַבָּן** שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר הַצֳּרִי אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא שְׂרָף הַנּוֹטֵף מֵעֲצֵי הַקְּ֒טָף, בֹּרִית כַּרְשִׁינָה לָמָּה הִיא בָֽאָה כְּדֵי לְיַפּוֹת בָּהּ אֶת הַצִּפֹּרֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּ֒הֵא נָאָה. יֵין קַפְרִיסִין לָמָּה הוּא בָא כְּדֵי לִשְׁרוֹת בּוֹ אֶת הַצִפֹּרֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּ֒הֵא עַזָּה. וַהֲלֹא מֵי רַגְלַֽיִם יָפִין לָהּ אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין מַכְנִיסִין מֵי רַגְלַֽיִם בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ מִפְּ֒נֵי הַכָּבוֹד:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says: “The balm is nothing but sap which drips from the balsam tree. Why was the Carshina lye used? To refine the onycha in order to make it pleasant. Why was Cyprus wine used? The onycha was soaked in it to give it a pungent odor. Though the water of Raglayim¹⁰ was well suited for that purpose, they did not bring the water of Raglayim into the Temple because it would be disrespectful.¹¹ (lit., water from the feet) is a euphemism for urine, it would have been disrespectful to use this water in the Temple. Others hold that the term “waters of Raglayim” actually refers to urine, which could have been used as a soaking agent were it not indecent to bring it into a sacred place.—*Kol Bo*

footnotes:
¹⁰ 10 This water came from a well named Raglayim.—Kol Bo
¹¹ Since Mei Raglayim


###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 6
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**תַּנְיָא** רַבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר כְּשֶׁהוּא שׁוֹחֵק אוֹמֵר הָדֵק הֵיטֵב הֵיטֵב הָדֵק מִפְּ֒נֵי שֶׁהַקּוֹל יָפֶה לַבְּ֒שָׂמִים, פִּטְּ֒מָהּ לַחֲצָאִין כְּשֵׁרָה לִשְׁלִישׁ וְלִרְבִֽיעַ לֹא שָׁמַֽעְנוּ: אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה זֶה הַכְּ֒לָל אִם כְּמִדָּתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה לַחֲצָאִין וְאִם חִסַּר אַחַת מִכָּל סַמָּנֶֽיהָ חַיָּב מִיתָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
It was taught in a *Boraysa*: Rabbi Nosson says, While [the Kohein] ground [the incense] he would say, *‘Hodeik heiteiv, heiteiv hodeik,’* because the sound¹² is good for the spices. If half¹³ instead of 368. the quantity of incense was prepared, it was acceptable; but we have not heard if only a third or a fourth [of it was prepared] ¹⁴ [whether it was acceptable].”

footnotes:
¹² Some suggest that the sound of these specific words affects the spices.
¹³ 184 manim
¹⁴ I.e., we did not hear our teachers expound this question.


###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 7
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**תַּנְיָא** בַּר קַפָּרָא אוֹמֵר אַחַת לְשִׁשִּׁים אוֹ לְשִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה הָיְ֒תָה בָאָה שֶׁל שִׁירַֽיִם לַחֲצָאִין: וְעוֹד תָּנֵי בַּר קַפָּרָא אִלּוּ הָיָה נוֹתֵן בָּהּ קוֹרְ֒טוֹב שֶׁל דְּבַשׁ אֵין אָדָם יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד מִפְּ֒נֵי רֵיחָהּ וְלָֽמָּה אֵין מְעָרְ֒בִין בָּהּ דְּבַשׁ מִפְּ֒נֵי שֶׁהַתּוֹרָה אָמְ֒רָה כִּי כָל־שְׂאֹר וְכָל־דְּבַשׁ לֹא־תַקְטִֽירוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָֹה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
It was taught in a *Boraysa*: Bar Kappara says, Once in sixty or seventy years¹⁵ from which he took two handfuls each Yom Kippur. the accumulated surplus was sufficient to provide half [the yearly quantity of incense.”] Bar Kappara also taught, If he would have put into it a minute quantity of honey, no one could have withstood [resisted] the scent. Why was no honey mixed with it? Because the Torah says, (*Leviticus* 2:11) For any leaven or honey, do not burn from them, [as] a fire-offering to Adonoy.

footnotes:
¹⁵ The exact number of years varied with the size of the hands of the High Priests over the years, for the surplus was what remained of these three manim


###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 8
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ג"פ: יְהֹוָה צְבָאוֹת עִמָּֽנוּ מִשְׂגַּב־לָֽנוּ אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב סֶֽלָה: ג"פ: יְהֹוָה צְבָאוֹת אַשְׁרֵי אָדָם בֹּטֵֽחַ בָּךְ: ג"פ: יְהֹוָה הוֹשִֽׁיעָה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ יַעֲנֵֽנוּ בְיוֹם־קָרְאֵֽנוּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
*Recite each of these verses three times:* Adonoy of Hosts is with us, a stronghold for us is the God of Jacob, Selah! Adonoy of Hosts, fortunate is the man who trusts in You. Adonoy, deliver [us]! The King will answer us on the day we call.


###### Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Preparatory Prayers, Korbanot, Ketoret 9
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אַתָּה סֵֽתֶר לִי מִצַּר תִּצְּ֒רֵֽנִי רָנֵּי פַלֵּט תְּסוֹבְ֒בֵֽנִי סֶֽלָה: וְעָרְ֒בָה לַיהוָֹה מִנְחַת יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלָֽםִ כִּימֵי עוֹלָם וּכְשָׁנִים קַדְמֹנִיּוֹת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
You are my shelter; from distress You preserve me; with glad song of rescue, You envelop me, Selah! Let Adonoy be pleased with the offerings of Judah and Jerusalem, as in the days of old and in earlier years.