## Sukkah Daf 22a

###### Sukkah 22a:1
[Sukkah 22a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:1)

**מַתְנִי׳** סוּכָּה הַמְדוּבְלֶלֶת וְשֶׁצִּילָּתָהּ מְרוּבָּה מֵחַמָּתָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה. הַמְעוּבָּה כְּמִין בַּיִת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין הַכּוֹכָבִים נִרְאִין מִתּוֹכָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **A *sukka* that is *meduvlelet* and whose shade exceeds its sunlight is fit.** A *sukka* whose roofing **is thick like a house of sorts, even though** it is so thick **that the stars cannot be seen from within it, is fit.**


###### Sukkah 22a:2
[Sukkah 22a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:2)

**גְּמָ׳** מַאי מְדוּבְלֶלֶת? אָמַר רַב: סוּכָּה עֲנִיָּיה. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: קָנֶה עוֹלֶה וְקָנֶה יוֹרֵד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **What is** the meaning of ***meduvlelet*? Rav said:** It means **an impoverished *sukka*,** i.e., a *sukka* whose roofing is sparse, although at no point in the roofing is there a gap of three handbreadths. **And Shmuel said:** It means that the roofing is aligned with one **reed ascending and** one **reed descending.** There are two layers of roofing, with each reed on the upper layer situated directly above the space between each reed on the lower level.


###### Sukkah 22a:3
[Sukkah 22a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:3)

רַב תָּנֵי חֲדָא, וּשְׁמוּאֵל תָּנֵי תַּרְתֵּי. רַב תָּנֵי חֲדָא: סוּכָּה מְדוּבְלֶלֶת, מַאי מְדוּבְלֶלֶת — מְדוּלְדֶּלֶת, שֶׁצִּילָּתָהּ מְרוּבָּה מֵחַמָּתָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה. וּשְׁמוּאֵל תָּנֵי תַּרְתֵּי: מַאי מְדוּבְלֶלֶת — מְבוּלְבֶּלֶת, וְתַרְתֵּי קָתָנֵי: סוּכָּה מְבוּלְבֶּלֶת כְּשֵׁרָה, וְצִילָּתָהּ מְרוּבָּה מֵחַמָּתָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **Rav taught** the first clause in the mishna as **one** *halakha*, **and Shmuel taught** that clause as **two** *halakhot*. **Rav taught one** *halakha*: The *halakha* of **a *sukka meduvlelet*.** And **what is** a *sukka **meduvlelet*****?** It is a **sparse** *sukka*. Nevertheless, as long **as the shade exceeds the sunlight** the *sukka* **is fit. And Shmuel taught two** *halakhot*. **What is** a *sukka **meduvlelet*****?** It is a **disordered** *sukka*. **And he teaches two** *halakhot*: **A disordered *sukka* is fit, and one whose shade exceeds its sunlight is fit.**


###### Sukkah 22a:4
[Sukkah 22a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:4)

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: לֹא שָׁנוּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין בֵּין זֶה לָזֶה שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, אֲבָל יֵשׁ בֵּין זֶה לָזֶה שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים — פְּסוּלָה. אָמַר רָבָא: אֲפִילּוּ יֵשׁ בֵּין זֶה לָזֶה שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים נָמֵי לָא אֲמַרַן, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין בְּגַגּוֹ טֶפַח, אֲבָל יֵשׁ בְּגַגּוֹ טֶפַח — כְּשֵׁרָה. דְּאָמְרִינַן: חֲבוֹט רְמִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said: They taught** that a *sukka* with two layers of roofing is fit **only** in a case **where there is not** a gap of at least **three handbreadths between** the top and bottom layers. **However,** if **there is** a gap of **three handbreadths between them it is unfit. Rava said: Even** if **there is** a gap of **three handbreadths between them, we say** that the two layers of roofing are not considered joined **only** in a case **where there is not** the width of **a handbreadth in its** upper **roof. However,** if **there is** the width of **a handbreadth in its** upper **roof,** even if the gap between them is three handbreadths, the *sukka* **is fit, because we say** that the principle: **Lower and cast** down the upper level of the *sukka* roofing down to the level of the lower *sukka* roofing, applies here.


###### Sukkah 22a:5
[Sukkah 22a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:5)

אָמַר רָבָא: מְנָא אָמֵינָא לַהּ דְּכִי אִית בֵּיהּ טֶפַח אָמְרִינַן חֲבוֹט רְמִי, וְכִי לֵית בֵּיהּ לָא אָמְרִינַן חֲבוֹט רְמִי? דִּתְנַן: קוֹרוֹת הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲלִיָּיה שֶׁאֵין עֲלֵיהֶם מַעֲזִיבָה, וְהֵן מְכֻוּוֹנוֹת טוּמְאָה תַּחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן — תַּחְתֶּיהָ טָמֵא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said: From where do I** learn to **say that when there is a handbreadth** of width **in its** roof, **we say** that the principle **lower and cast** applies, **and when there is not a handbreadth in its** roof, **we do not say** that the principle **lower and cast** applies? Rava learns this from the *halakha* of impurity imparted by a corpse, **as we learned** in a mishna: With regard to **the boards** of the ceiling of the first floor **of the house and of the second story that do not have plaster on them,** so that each of the boards is considered a separate entity, **and** the boards of each **are aligned** so that the boards of the ceiling of the second story are directly above the boards of the house: If there is a source of **ritual impurity** imparted by a corpse **beneath one of** the lower boards, any object that is directly **beneath** that board **is** rendered **impure** by means of a tent over a corpse. However, any object that is above the board or off to the side remains pure.


###### Sukkah 22a:6
[Sukkah 22a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:6)

בֵּין הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה לָעֶלְיוֹנָה — בֵּינֵיהֶן טָמֵא, עַל גַּבֵּי הָעֶלְיוֹנָה — כְּנֶגְדָּהּ עַד לָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא. הָיוּ הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת כְּבֵין הַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת, טוּמְאָה תַּחְתֵּיהֶן — תַּחַת כּוּלָּן טָמֵא. עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן — כְּנֶגְדָּן עַד לָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If the source of impurity is in the airspace of the second story **between the lower and upper** boards, any object **between** the two boards **is impure;** however, any object beneath the lower board or above the upper board or off to the side remains pure. If the source of impurity is **atop the upper board,** any object **aligned** with the source of impurity even **up to the heavens is impure.** However, if **the upper** boards **are** spaced **between the lower** boards, if the source of **impurity** is **beneath** any of the boards within the house, any object that is **beneath any of** the boards is **impure,** as the legal status of the roof is as though the upper boards were lowered to the level of the lower boards, and the result is one continuous ceiling. If the source of impurity is **above them,** i.e., above the top boards, any object **aligned** with the source of impurity even **up to the heavens is impure.**


###### Sukkah 22a:7
[Sukkah 22a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:7)

וְתָנֵי עֲלַהּ: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן טֶפַח וּבֵינֵיהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, אֲבָל אֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טוּמְאָה תַּחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן — תַּחְתֶּיהָ טָמֵא, בֵּינֵיהֶן וְעַל גַּבֵּיהֶן — טָהוֹר. אַלְמָא כִּי אִית בֵּיהּ טֶפַח, אָמְרִינַן חֲבוֹט רְמִי, וְכִי לֵית בֵּיהּ טֶפַח, לָא אָמְרִינַן חֲבוֹט רְמִי! שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And it is taught** in the *Tosefta* elaborating **on this** mishna: **In what** case **is this statement said?** It is only **when** these boards **have** the width of **a handbreadth, and between them** is the **space of a handbreadth. However,** if the boards are close together and there isn’t even the **space of a handbreadth between them,** then if the source of **impurity** is directly **beneath one of** the boards, only objects in the space **beneath it is impure,** while an object **between** the two layers of boards **and atop them** remains **pure. Apparently, when there is a handbreadth** in the upper layer, **we say lower and cast** the upper *sukka* roofing down to the level of the lower *sukka* roofing. **And when there is not** even **a handbreadth** in the upper layer, **we do not say lower and cast** the upper *sukka* roofing down. Indeed, **conclude from here** that this is the *halakha*.


###### Sukkah 22a:8
[Sukkah 22a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:8)

יָתֵיב רַב כָּהֲנָא וְקָאָמַר לְהָא שְׁמַעְתָּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אָשֵׁי לְרַב כָּהֲנָא: וְכׇל הֵיכָא דְּלֵית בֵּיהּ טֶפַח לָא אָמְרִינַן חֲבוֹט רְמִי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates: **Rav Kahana sat** in the study hall **and stated this *halakha*** of Rava, that in a case where the upper *sukka* roofing is a handbreadth wide, even if the gap between the two layers of roofing is greater than three handbreadths, they are considered attached. **Rav Ashi said to Rav Kahana:** Is it so that **wherever there is not** the width of **a handbreadth, we do not say lower and cast?**


###### Sukkah 22a:9
[Sukkah 22a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:9)

וְהָא תַּנְיָא: קוֹרָה הַיּוֹצְאָה מִכּוֹתֶל זֶה וְאֵינָהּ נוֹגַעַת בְּכוֹתֶל זֶה, וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי קוֹרוֹת אַחַת יוֹצְאָה מִכּוֹתֶל זֶה וְאַחַת יוֹצְאָה מִכּוֹתֶל זֶה וְאֵינָן נוֹגְעוֹת זוֹ בָּזוֹ, פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה — אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא קוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת, שְׁלֹשָׁה — צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא קוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Isn’t it taught in** the *Tosefta* with regard to the *halakhot* of the merging of alleyways that one of the means of rendering carrying in a closed alleyway permitted on Shabbat is by placing a beam one handbreadth wide over the entrance of the alleyway within twenty cubits but no less than ten handbreadths off the ground? With regard to a cross **beam that projects from this wall** of an alleyway **but does not touch the other** opposite **wall, and similarly,** with regard to **two** cross **beams, one projecting from this wall and one projecting from the other** opposite **wall, and they do not touch each other,** if there is a gap of **less than three** handbreadths between the beam and the wall, or between the two beams respectively, **one need not bring another** cross **beam** to render the alleyway fit for a person to carry within it. This is because they are considered joined based on the principle of *lavud*. However, if there is a gap of **three** handbreadths, **one must bring another** cross **beam.**


###### Sukkah 22a:10
[Sukkah 22a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/22a:10)

רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
However, **Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel,** who holds that the principle of *lavud* applies to a gap of up to four handbreadths wide, **says:**