## Sukkah Daf 43b

###### Sukkah 43b:1
[Sukkah 43b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:1)

״תֵּשְׁבוּ״ ״תֵּשְׁבוּ״ — לִגְזֵרָה שָׁוָה. נֶאֱמַר כָּאן ״תֵּשְׁבוּ״, וְנֶאֱמַר בְּמִלּוּאִים ״תֵּשְׁבוּ״. מָה לְהַלָּן — ״יָמִים״ וַאֲפִילּוּ לֵילוֹת, אַף כָּאן — ״יָמִים״ וַאֲפִילּוּ לֵילוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**“You shall reside,” “you shall reside,”** by means **of a verbal analogy. It is stated here,** with regard to *sukka*: **“You shall reside** in *sukkot* seven days” (Leviticus 23:42), **and it is stated with regard to the inauguration** of the Tabernacle: “And at the door of the Tent of Meeting **you shall reside** day and night seven days” (Leviticus 8:35). **Just as there,** with regard to the inauguration, the meaning is **days and even nights, so too here,** with regard to *sukka*, the meaning is **days and even nights.**


###### Sukkah 43b:2
[Sukkah 43b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:2)

עֲרָבָה שִׁבְעָה. כֵּיצַד? עֲרָבָה בִּשְׁבִיעִי מַאי טַעְמָא דָּחֲיָא שַׁבָּת? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כְּדֵי לְפַרְסְמָהּ שֶׁהִיא מִן הַתּוֹרָה. אִי הָכִי, לוּלָב נָמֵי לִידְחֵי, כְּדֵי לְפַרְסְמוֹ שֶׁהוּא מִן הַתּוֹרָה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna continues: The altar is encircled with the **willow branch** for **seven** days. **How** so? If the seventh day of performing the mitzva of the willow branch occurs on Shabbat, since on that day the mitzva of the willow branch is a mitzva by Torah law, it overrides Shabbat and the mitzva of the willow branch is then performed seven days. The Gemara asks: With regard to the mitzva of the **willow branch on the seventh** day, **what is the reason** that **it overrides Shabbat? Rabbi Yoḥanan said:** It is **in order to publicize that it is** a mitzva that **applies by Torah** law, since it is not written explicitly in the Torah. The Gemara raises an objection: **If so, *lulav* too should override** Shabbat in the Temple on the other days of *Sukkot* as well and not only on the first day **in order to publicize that it is** a mitzva **by Torah** law all seven days, since that too is not written explicitly in the Torah.


###### Sukkah 43b:3
[Sukkah 43b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:3)

לוּלָב — גְּזֵרָה מִשּׁוּם דְּרַבָּה. אִי הָכִי, עֲרָבָה נָמֵי נִגְזוֹר! עֲרָבָה — שְׁלוּחֵי בֵּית דִּין מַיְיתִי לַהּ. לוּלָב — לַכֹּל מָסוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: One is prohibited from taking the ***lulav*** on Shabbat by rabbinic **decree due to** the concern expressed **by Rabba** (42b) lest he take the *lulav* in his hand and go to an expert to learn how to wave the *lulav* and thereby carry it in the public domain. The Gemara objects: **If so,** with regard to the **willow branch as well let us issue a decree** due to the same concern. The Gemara answers: The two cases are different. With regard to the **willow branch, agents of the court bring it** to the priests who perform the mitzva in the Temple, and they carefully prepare the willow branch prior to the onset of Shabbat and will not come to carry it in a prohibited manner on Shabbat. However, performance of the mitzva of ***lulav* is incumbent upon every individual.** Therefore, there is concern lest one unwittingly perform the prohibited labor of carrying on Shabbat.


###### Sukkah 43b:4
[Sukkah 43b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:4)

אִי הָכִי, כׇּל יוֹמָא נָמֵי לִידְחֵי! אָתֵי לְפַקְפּוֹקֵי בְּלוּלָב. וְלִידְחֵי בְּיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן! לָא מוֹכְחָא מִלְּתָא, אָמְרִי: לוּלָב הוּא דְּקָא דָחֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara objects: **If so,** i.e., because the willow branch is supplied by agents of the court there is no concern that Shabbat will be desecrated, **let** the mitzva of the willow branch **override** Shabbat on **every day** of the Festival **as well.** The Gemara answers: In that case people **would come to raise doubts about** the significance of the mitzva of ***lulav*,** as, unlike the mitzva of the willow branch, it would override Shabbat on only one day of the Festival and not on all seven. The Gemara asks: **And let** the mitzva of the willow branch **override** Shabbat **on the first day of the Festival,** just as the mitzva of *lulav* does, and not on the seventh day. The Gemara answers: **The matter** of publicizing that the mitzva of willow branch is a mitzva by Torah law **would not be apparent,** as people **would say** that **it is** really the mitzva of ***lulav* that overrides** Shabbat, and once *lulav* is permitted the willow branch is permitted as well.


###### Sukkah 43b:5
[Sukkah 43b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:5)

וְלִידְחֵי בְּחַד מֵהָנָךְ? כֵּיוָן דְּקָא מַפְּקַתְּ לַהּ מֵרִאשׁוֹן, אוֹקְמַהּ אַשְּׁבִיעִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And let** the mitzva of the willow branch **override** Shabbat **on one of these** other days of *Sukkot*; why specifically the seventh day? The Gemara answers: **Once you moved it from the first** day, **establish it on the seventh** day, which is also a unique day of *Sukkot*, and not on one of the other intermediate days of *Sukkot*.


###### Sukkah 43b:6
[Sukkah 43b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:6)

אִי הָכִי, הָאִידָּנָא נָמֵי לִידְחֵי! אֲנַן לָא יָדְעִינַן בְּקִיבּוּעָא דְיַרְחָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **If so,** i.e., if the mitzva of the willow branch is so significant that it overrides Shabbat, **let it override** Shabbat **today as well,** even though the Temple is not standing. The Gemara answers: **We do not know** when precisely **the establishment of the month** was determined by the court. Therefore, it is possible that the day observed as the seventh day of *Sukkot* is not the seventh day at all. Certainly, one does not violate the rabbinic decree to fulfill a mitzva that is not definitely a mitzva by Torah law.


###### Sukkah 43b:7
[Sukkah 43b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:7)

אִינְהוּ, דְּיָדְעִי בְּקִיבּוּעָא דְיַרְחָא — לִידְחֵי! כִּי אֲתָא בַּר הֶדְיָא, אָמַר: לָא אִיקְּלַע. כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין וְכׇל נָחוֹתֵי, אָמְרִי: אִיקְּלַע וְלָא דָּחֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: If so, with regard to the people of Eretz Yisrael, **who know the establishment of the month, let them override** Shabbat for the mitzva of willow branch on the seventh day of *Sukkot* even today. **When bar Hedya came** from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia **he said:** That is not a practical question, as the seventh day **does not coincide** with Shabbat, since the Sages fixed the calendar to avoid that possibility. **When Ravin and all those** emissaries **who descended** to Babylonia, or who originally left Babylonia for Eretz Yisrael and returned, **came, they said: It does coincide** with Shabbat, **but it does not override** Shabbat.


###### Sukkah 43b:8
[Sukkah 43b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:8)

וְאֶלָּא קַשְׁיָא? אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: מַאן לֵימָא לַן דַּעֲרָבָה בִּנְטִילָה? דִּלְמָא בִּזְקִיפָה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But** then it is **difficult;** why doesn’t the mitzva of the willow branch override Shabbat on the seventh day today? **Rav Yosef said: Who will say to us** definitively **that** the mitzva of **the willow branch** is performed **by taking** it? **Perhaps it is** performed **by standing** the branches **upright** against the altar. Since there is no altar today, the mitzva does not override Shabbat.


###### Sukkah 43b:9
[Sukkah 43b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:9)

אֵיתִיבֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: לוּלָב וַעֲרָבָה שִׁשָּׁה וְשִׁבְעָה. מַאי לָאו, כְּלוּלָב: מָה לוּלָב בִּנְטִילָה — אַף עֲרָבָה בִּנְטִילָה! מִידֵּי אִירְיָא? הָא כִּדְאִיתֵיהּ וְהָא כִּדְאִיתֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye raised an objection to** Rav Yosef from the mishna, which states: The ***lulav*** is taken **and** the altar is encircled with **the willow branch** either **six or seven** days. **What, is it not** learned from the juxtaposition of these mitzvot in the mishna that the mitzva of the willow branch is **like** the mitzva of ***lulav*** in that **just as** the mitzva of ***lulav*** is performed **by taking** it, **so too,** the mitzva of the **willow branch** is performed **by taking** it and not by standing it upright? He answered him: **Are the cases** necessarily **comparable?** Perhaps **this** mitzva of *lulav* is **as it is,** by means of taking, **and this** mitzva of the willow branch is **as it is,** by means of standing it upright.


###### Sukkah 43b:10
[Sukkah 43b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:10)

אֵיתִיבֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: בְּכׇל יוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ פַּעַם אַחַת, וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים. מַאי לָאו, בַּעֲרָבָה? לָא, בְּלוּלָב. וְהָא אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: בַּעֲרָבָה! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הוּא אָמַר לָךְ בַּעֲרָבָה, וַאֲנָא אָמֵינָא בְּלוּלָב. אִתְּמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: בְּלוּלָב. רַב שְׁמוּאֵל [בַּר נָתָן] אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: בַּעֲרָבָה. וְכֵן אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: בַּעֲרָבָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye raised an objection to** Rav Yosef from a mishna: **On every day** the people **circle the altar one time, and** on **that day,** the seventh day of the willow branch, they circle it **seven times. What, is** the mishna **not** referring to circling the altar **with the willow branch** in hand? He answered him: **No,** it is referring to circling the altar **with a *lulav*.** Abaye objects: **But didn’t Rav Naḥman say** that **Rabba bar Avuh said:** They would circle the altar **with the willow branch?** Rav Yosef **said to him: He said to you with the willow branch;** however, my authority is no less than his, as we are both *amora’im*, **and I say** that they circle the altar **with a *lulav*. It was stated** that this was the subject of dispute between other *amora’im* as well. **Rabbi Elazar says:** They circle the altar **with a *lulav*. Rav Shmuel bar Natan said** that **Rabbi Ḥanina said:** They circle the altar **with the willow branch. And likewise, Rav Naḥman said** that **Rabba bar Avuh said:** They would circle the altar **with the willow branch.**


###### Sukkah 43b:11
[Sukkah 43b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:11)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא לְרַב יִצְחָק בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה: בַּר אוּרְיָא, תָּא וְאֵימָא לָךְ מִלְּתָא מְעַלַּיְתָא דַּהֲוָה אָמַר אֲבוּךְ. הָא דִּתְנַן: כׇּל הַיּוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ פַּעַם אַחַת, וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים, הָכִי אֲמַר אֲבוּךְ מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: בְּלוּלָב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said to Rav Yitzḥak, son of Rabba bar bar Ḥana: Son of Torah [*bar urya*], come and I will tell you an outstanding statement that your father would say.** With regard to **that which we learned** in a mishna: On **every day** the people **circle the altar one time, and on that day,** the seventh day of the willow branch, **they circle the altar seven times; this** is what **your father said in the name of Rabbi Elazar:** They circle the altar **with a *lulav*.**


###### Sukkah 43b:12
[Sukkah 43b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:12)

אֵיתִיבֵיהּ: לוּלָב דּוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת בִּתְחִלָּתוֹ, וַעֲרָבָה בְּסוֹפוֹ. פַּעַם אַחַת חָל שְׁבִיעִי שֶׁל עֲרָבָה לִהְיוֹת בַּשַּׁבָּת, וְהֵבִיאוּ מֻרְבִּיּוֹת שֶׁל עֲרָבָה מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְהִנִּיחוּם בָּעֲזָרָה. וְהִכִּירוּ בָּהֶן בַּיְיתּוֹסִין, וּנְטָלוּם וּכְבָשׁוּם תַּחַת אֲבָנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Abaye **raised an objection to** Rav Yosef from the *Tosefta* (*Sukka* 3:1): The mitzva of ***lulav* overrides Shabbat at** the **start** of the Festival, **and the willow branch** overrides it **at** the **end** of the Festival. **One time, the seventh** day **of** the **willow branch occurred on Shabbat, and they brought branches of** the **willow** tree **on Shabbat eve,** before Shabbat, **and placed them in the** Temple **courtyard** for use on Shabbat. The **Boethusians** in the Temple, who disagreed with the Sages and held that there is no mitzva of the willow branch on the seventh day of the Festival, **noticed them and took them and concealed them under** the **stones.** This was an attempt to prevent fulfillment of the mitzva, as they knew that the Sages would prohibit moving the stones, which are set-aside on Shabbat.


###### Sukkah 43b:13
[Sukkah 43b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:13)

לְמָחָר הִכִּירוּ בָּהֶן עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ, וּשְׁמָטוּם מִתַּחַת הָאֲבָנִים, וַהֲבִיאוּם הַכֹּהֲנִים וּזְקָפוּם בְּצִידֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. לְפִי שֶׁאֵין בַּיְיתּוֹסִין מוֹדִים שֶׁחִיבּוּט עֲרָבָה דּוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The next day,** some of **the ignoramuses noticed** the branches concealed under the stones. **And** since the ignoramuses identified with the opinion of the Sages, and at the same time were ignorant of the details of the mitzvot, **they extracted them from under the stones. And the priests brought them and stood them upright at the sides of the altar.** This happened **because** the **Boethusians do not concede that waving the willow branch overrides Shabbat.**


###### Sukkah 43b:14
[Sukkah 43b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:14)

אַלְמָא בִּנְטִילָה הִיא! תְּיוּבְתָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Apparently,** based on the conclusion of the incident, the mitzva of the willow branch **is** fulfilled **by taking** it, as it is referring to waving the willow branch and not just standing it upright at the sides of the altar. The Gemara notes: Indeed, it is **a conclusive refutation** of Rav Yosef’s opinion.


###### Sukkah 43b:15
[Sukkah 43b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/43b:15)

וְאֶלָּא נִדְחוֹ! כֵּיוָן דַּאֲנַן לָא דָּחֵינַן, אִינְהוּ נָמֵי לָא דָּחוּ. וְהָא יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן, דִּלְדִידַן לָא דָּחֵי וּלְדִידַהוּ דָּחֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Given the refutation of Rav Yosef’s opinion, the original question is difficult: **Rather, let them** in Eretz Yisrael **override** Shabbat for the mitzva of the willow branch on the seventh day of *Sukkot* nowadays as well. The Gemara answers: **Since we** in the Diaspora **do not override** Shabbat for this purpose, **they** in Eretz Yisrael **also do not override** it. The Gemara objects: **But doesn’t the first day of the Festival** refute that contention, as **for us** in the Diaspora it **does not override** Shabbat and we do not take the *lulav*, **and for them** in Eretz Yisrael **it overrides** Shabbat and they take the *lulav*?