## Sukkah Daf 51b

###### Sukkah 51b:1
[Sukkah 51b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:1)

בַּאֲבוּקוֹת שֶׁל אוֹר שֶׁבִּידֵיהֶן, וְאוֹמְרִים לִפְנֵיהֶם דִּבְרֵי שִׁירוֹת וְתוּשְׁבָּחוֹת. וְהַלְוִיִּם בְּכִנּוֹרוֹת וּבִנְבָלִים וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם וּבַחֲצוֹצְרוֹת וּבִכְלֵי שִׁיר בְּלֹא מִסְפָּר, עַל חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מַעֲלוֹת הַיּוֹרְדוֹת מֵעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים, כְּנֶגֶד חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (מַעֲלוֹת) שֶׁבַּתְּהִלִּים, שֶׁעֲלֵיהֶן לְוִיִּם עוֹמְדִין בִּכְלֵי שִׁיר וְאוֹמְרִים שִׁירָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**with flaming torches** that they would juggle **in their hands, and they would say before them passages of song and praise** to God. **And the Levites** would play **on lyres, harps, cymbals, and trumpets, and countless** other **musical instruments.** The musicians would stand **on the fifteen stairs that descend from the Israelites’ courtyard to the Women’s Courtyard, corresponding to the fifteen** Songs of the **Ascents in Psalms,** i.e., chapters 120–134, and **upon which** the **Levites stand with musical instruments and recite** their **song.**


###### Sukkah 51b:2
[Sukkah 51b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:2)

וְעָמְדוּ שְׁנֵי כֹהֲנִים בְּשַׁעַר הָעֶלְיוֹן שֶׁיּוֹרֵד מֵעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים, וּשְׁתֵּי חֲצוֹצְרוֹת בִּידֵיהֶן, קָרָא הַגֶּבֶר — תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקְעוּ. הִגִּיעוּ לְמַעֲלָה עֲשִׂירִית — תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקְעוּ. הִגִּיעוּ לָעֲזָרָה — תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקְעוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** this was the ceremony of the Water Libation: **Two priests stood at the Upper Gate that descends from the Israelites’ courtyard to the Women’s Courtyard, with two trumpets in their hands.** When **the rooster crowed** at dawn, **they sounded a *tekia*, and sounded a *terua*, and sounded a *tekia*.** When **they** who would draw the water **reached the tenth stair** the trumpeters **sounded a *tekia*, and sounded a *terua*, and sounded a *tekia*,** to indicate that the time to draw water from the Siloam pool had arrived. When **they reached the** Women’s **Courtyard** with the basins of water in their hands, the trumpeters **sounded a *tekia*, and sounded a *terua*, and sounded a *tekia*.**


###### Sukkah 51b:3
[Sukkah 51b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:3)

(הִגִּיעוּ לַקַּרְקַע — תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקְעוּ.) הָיוּ תּוֹקְעִין וְהוֹלְכִין עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעִין לְשַׁעַר הַיּוֹצֵא מִמִּזְרָח. הִגִּיעוּ לְשַׁעַר הַיּוֹצֵא מִמִּזְרָח — הָפְכוּ פְּנֵיהֶן מִמִּזְרָח לְמַעֲרָב וְאָמְרוּ: אֲבוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁהָיוּ בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה — ״אֲחוֹרֵיהֶם אֶל הַהֵיכָל וּפְנֵיהֶם קֵדְמָה וּמִשְׁתַּחֲוִים קֵדְמָה לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ״, וְאָנוּ לְיָהּ עֵינֵינוּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָיוּ שׁוֹנִין וְאוֹמְרִין: אָנוּ לְיָהּ, וּלְיָהּ עֵינֵינוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
When **they reached the ground** of the Women’s Courtyard, the trumpeters **sounded a *tekia*, and sounded a *terua*, and sounded a *tekia*. They continued sounding** the trumpets **until they reached the gate** through **which** one **exits to the east,** from the Women’s Courtyard to the eastern slope of the Temple Mount. When **they reached the gate** through **which** one **exits to the east, they turned from** facing **east to** facing **west,** toward the Holy of Holies, **and said: Our ancestors who were in this place** during the First Temple period who did not conduct themselves appropriately, stood **“with their backs toward the Sanctuary of the Lord, and their faces toward the east; and they worshipped the sun toward the east”** (Ezekiel 8:16), **and we, our eyes are to God. Rabbi Yehuda says** that **they would repeat and say: We are to God, and our eyes are to God.**


###### Sukkah 51b:4
[Sukkah 51b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:4)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מִי שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה שִׂמְחַת בֵּית הַשּׁוֹאֵבָה — לֹא רָאָה שִׂמְחָה מִיָּמָיו. מִי שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם בְּתִפְאַרְתָּהּ — לֹא רָאָה כְּרַךְ נֶחְמָד מֵעוֹלָם. מִי שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בְּבִנְיָנוֹ — לֹא רָאָה בִּנְיָן מְפוֹאָר מֵעוֹלָם. מַאי הִיא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב חִסְדָּא: זֶה בִּנְיַן הוֹרְדוֹס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught: One who did not see the Celebration of the Place of the Drawing** of the Water, **never saw celebration in his life. One who did not see Jerusalem in its glory, never saw a beautiful city. One who did not see the Temple in its constructed** state, **never saw a magnificent structure.** The Gemara asks: **What is** the Temple building to which the Sages refer? **Abaye said, and some say** that it was **Rav Ḥisda** who said: **This** is referring to the magnificent **building of Herod,** who renovated the Second Temple.


###### Sukkah 51b:5
[Sukkah 51b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:5)

בְּמַאי בַּנְיֵהּ? אָמַר (רָבָא): בְּאַבְנֵי שֵׁישָׁא וּמַרְמְרָא. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: בְּאַבְנֵי שֵׁישָׁא כּוּחְלָא וּמַרְמְרָא. אַפֵּיק שָׂפָה וְעַיֵּיל שָׂפָה, כִּי הֵיכִי דִּלְקַבֵּל סִידָא. סְבַר לְמִשְׁעֲיֵיהּ בְּדַהֲבָא, אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ רַבָּנַן: שִׁבְקֵיהּ, דְּהָכִי שַׁפִּיר טְפֵי, דְּמִיתְחֲזֵי כְּאִדְוָתָא דְיַמָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **With what** materials **did he construct it? Rava said:** It was **with stones of** green-gray **marble and white marble [*marmara*]. Some say:** It was **with stones of blue marble and white marble.** The rows of stones were set with **one row** slightly **protruded and one row** slightly **indented, so that the plaster would take** better. **He thought to plate** the Temple **with gold,** but **the Sages said to him: Leave it** as is, and do not plate it, **as it is better this way, as** with the different colors and the staggered arrangement of the rows of stones, **it has the appearance of waves of the sea.**


###### Sukkah 51b:6
[Sukkah 51b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:6)

תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: מִי שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה דְּיוֹפְּלוּסְטוֹן שֶׁל אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִיָּא שֶׁל מִצְרַיִם, לֹא רָאָה בִּכְבוֹדָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. אָמְרוּ: כְּמִין בָּסִילְקֵי גְּדוֹלָה הָיְתָה, סְטָיו לְפָנִים מִסְּטָיו. פְּעָמִים שֶׁהָיוּ בָּהּ (שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא עַל שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא), כִּפְלַיִם כְּיוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם. וְהָיוּ בָּהּ שִׁבְעִים וְאַחַת קָתֶדְרָאוֹת שֶׁל זָהָב, כְּנֶגֶד שִׁבְעִים וְאַחַת שֶׁל סַנְהֶדְרִי גְּדוֹלָה, כׇּל אַחַת וְאַחַת אֵינָהּ פְּחוּתָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאֶחָד רִבּוֹא כִּכְּרֵי זָהָב. וּבִימָה שֶׁל עֵץ בְּאֶמְצָעִיתָהּ, וְחַזַּן הַכְּנֶסֶת עוֹמֵד עָלֶיהָ וְהַסּוּדָרִין בְּיָדוֹ. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לַעֲנוֹת אָמֵן, הַלָּה מֵנִיף בַּסּוּדָר וְכׇל הָעָם עוֹנִין אָמֵן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It is taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yehuda says: One who did not see the great synagogue [*deyofloston*] of Alexandria of Egypt never saw the glory of Israel. They said** that its structure **was like a large basilica [*basileki*],** with **a colonnade within a colonnade. At times there were six hundred thousand** men **and** another **six hundred thousand** men **in it, twice the number of those who left Egypt. In it there were seventy-one golden chairs [*katedraot*], corresponding to the seventy-one** members **of the Great Sanhedrin, each of which** consisted of **no less than twenty-one thousand talents of gold. And** there was **a wooden platform at the center. The sexton of the synagogue** would **stand on it, with the scarves in his hand. And** because the synagogue was so large and the people could not hear the communal prayer, **when** the prayer leader **reached** the conclusion of a blessing requiring the people **to answer amen,** the sexton **waved the scarf and all the people** would **answer amen.**


###### Sukkah 51b:7
[Sukkah 51b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:7)

וְלֹא הָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין מְעוֹרָבִין, אֶלָּא זֶהָבִין בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְכַסָּפִין בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְנַפָּחִין בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְטַרְסִיִּים בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְגַרְדִיִּים בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן. וּכְשֶׁעָנִי נִכְנָס שָׁם, הָיָה מַכִּיר בַּעֲלֵי אוּמָּנֻתוֹ וְנִפְנֶה שָׁם. וּמִשָּׁם פַּרְנָסָתוֹ וּפַרְנָסַת אַנְשֵׁי בֵיתוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** the members of the various crafts **would not sit mingled. Rather, the goldsmiths** would sit **among themselves, and the silversmiths among themselves, and the blacksmiths among themselves, and the coppersmiths among themselves, and the weavers among themselves. And when a poor** stranger **entered there, he would recognize people** who plied **his craft, and he would turn to** join them **there. And from there** he would secure **his livelihood** as well as **the livelihood** of the **members of his household,** as his colleagues would find him work in that craft.


###### Sukkah 51b:8
[Sukkah 51b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:8)

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: וְכוּלְּהוּ קַטְלִינְהוּ אָלֶכְּסַנְדְּרוֹס מוֹקְדֹּן. מַאי טַעְמָא אִיעֲנוּשׁ? מִשּׁוּם דְּעָבְרִי אַהַאי קְרָא: ״לָא תוֹסִיפוּן לָשׁוּב בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה עוֹד״, וְאִינְהוּ הֲדוּר אֲתוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
After depicting the glory of the synagogue, the Gemara relates that **Abaye said: All of** the people who congregated in that synagogue **were killed by Alexander** the Great **of Macedonia.** The Gemara asks: **What is the reason** that **they were punished** and killed? It is **due to** the fact **that they violated** the prohibition with regard to Egypt in **this verse: “You shall henceforth return no more that way”** (Deuteronomy 17:16), **and they returned.** Since they established their permanent place of residence in Egypt, they were punished.


###### Sukkah 51b:9
[Sukkah 51b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:9)

כִּי אֲתָא, אַשְׁכְּחִינְהוּ דַּהֲווֹ קָרוּ בְּסִיפְרָא: ״יִשָּׂא ה׳ עָלֶיךָ גּוֹי מֵרָחוֹק״, אֲמַר: מִכְּדֵי הָהוּא גַּבְרָא בָּעֵי לְמֵיתֵי סְפִינְתָּא בְּעַשְׂרָה יוֹמֵי, דַּלְיַהּ זִיקָא וְאָתֵי סְפִינְתָּא בְּחַמְשָׁא יוֹמֵי — נְפַל עֲלַיְיהוּ וְקַטְלִינְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**When** Alexander **arrived, he found them,** and saw **that they were reading** the verse **in the** Torah **scroll: “The Lord will bring a nation against you from far,** from the end of the earth, as the vulture swoops down; a nation whose tongue you shall not understand” (Deuteronomy 28:49). **He said,** referring to himself: **Now, since that man sought to come by ship in ten days,** and **a wind carried it and the ship arrived in** only **five days,** apparently the verse referring a vulture swooping down is referring to me and heavenly forces are assisting me. Immediately, **he set upon them and slaughtered them.**


###### Sukkah 51b:10
[Sukkah 51b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:10)

בְּמוֹצָאֵי יוֹם טוֹב כּוּ׳. מַאי תִּיקּוּן גָּדוֹל? אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: כְּאוֹתָהּ שֶׁשָּׁנִינוּ: חֲלָקָה הָיְתָה בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה. וְהִקִּיפוּהָ גְּזוּזְטְרָא, וְהִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ נָשִׁים יוֹשְׁבוֹת מִלְמַעְלָה וַאֲנָשִׁים מִלְּמַטָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna continues: **At the conclusion of** the first **Festival** day, etc., the priests and the Levites descended from the Israelites’ courtyard to the Women’s Courtyard, where they would introduce a significant repair. The Gemara asks: **What** is this **significant repair? Rabbi Elazar said** that **it is like that which we learned:** The walls of the Women’s Courtyard **were smooth,** without protrusions, **initially.** Subsequently, they affixed protrusions to the wall surrounding the Women’s Courtyard. Each year thereafter, for the Celebration of the Place of the Drawing of the Water, they placed wooden planks on these projections and **surrounded** the courtyard **with a balcony [*gezuztra*]. And they instituted that** the **women should sit above and** the **men below.**


###### Sukkah 51b:11
[Sukkah 51b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:11)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ נָשִׁים מִבִּפְנִים וַאֲנָשִׁים מִבַּחוּץ, וְהָיוּ בָּאִים לִידֵי קַלּוּת רֹאשׁ. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ נָשִׁים יוֹשְׁבוֹת מִבַּחוּץ וַאֲנָשִׁים מִבִּפְנִים, וַעֲדַיִין הָיוּ בָּאִין לִידֵי קַלּוּת רֹאשׁ. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ נָשִׁים יוֹשְׁבוֹת מִלְּמַעְלָה וַאֲנָשִׁים מִלְּמַטָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in the *Tosefta*: **Initially, women would** stand **on the inside** of the Women’s Courtyard, closer to the Sanctuary to the west, **and the men** were **on the outside** in the courtyard and on the rampart. **And they would come to** conduct themselves with inappropriate **levity** in each other’s company, as the men needed to enter closer to the altar when the offerings were being sacrificed and as a result they would mingle with the women. Therefore, the Sages **instituted that the women should sit on the outside and the men on the inside, and still they would come to** conduct themselves with inappropriate **levity.** Therefore, **they instituted** in the interest of complete separation **that the women would sit above and the men below.**


###### Sukkah 51b:12
[Sukkah 51b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:12)

הֵיכִי עֲבִיד הָכִי? וְהָכְתִיב: ״הַכֹּל בִּכְתָב מִיַּד ה׳ עָלַי הִשְׂכִּיל״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **How could one do so,** i.e., alter the structure of the Temple? **But isn’t it written** with regard to the Temple: **“All this** I give you **in writing,** as **the Lord has made me wise by His hand upon me,** even all the works of this pattern” (I Chronicles 28:19), meaning that all the structural plans of the Temple were divinely inspired; how could the Sages institute changes?


###### Sukkah 51b:13
[Sukkah 51b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sukkah/r/51b:13)

אָמַר רַב: קְרָא אַשְׁכַּחוּ וּדְרוּשׁ —

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav said: They found a verse, and interpreted it homiletically** and acted accordingly: