## Taanit Daf 28b

###### Taanit 28b:1
[Taanit 28b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:1)

מַאי שְׁנָא הַלֵּל דְּדָחֵי דִּידֵיהּ, וּמַאי שְׁנָא מוּסָף דְּלָא דָּחֵי דִּידֵיהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**What is different** about ***hallel* that it overrides its own** watch, i.e., the watch in the morning service, when *hallel* is recited; **and what is different** about **the additional offering, that it does not override its own** watch, of the morning service, but it does override the watch of the afternoon service and the closing prayer?


###### Taanit 28b:2
[Taanit 28b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:2)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אָשֵׁי: הַשְׁתָּא דְּלָאו דִּידֵיהּ דָּחֵי — דִּידֵיהּ לָא כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן? אֲמַר לֵיהּ, הָכִי קָאָמֵינָא לָךְ: לָא לִידְחֵי אֶלָּא דִּידֵיהּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ashi said to him: Now,** as the additional offering **overrides** the watch of the afternoon service, **which is not its own,** is it **not all the more so** that it should take precedence over **its own** watch? Rav Ḥisda **said to** Rav Ashi: I meant the opposite, as this **is what I am saying to you:** It should not take precedence over another watch, that of the closing prayer; rather, **let it override only its own** watch, the one performed in the additional service.


###### Taanit 28b:3
[Taanit 28b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:3)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִיכָּא רַבִּי יוֹסֵי דְּקָאֵי כְּווֹתָךְ. דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: כׇּל יוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ מוּסָף יֵשׁ בּוֹ מַעֲמָד. מַעֲמָד דְּמַאי? אִילֵימָא מַעֲמָד דְּשַׁחֲרִית, הָא תַּנָּא קַמָּא נָמֵי הָכִי קָאָמַר! אֶלָּא מַעֲמָד דְּמוּסָף — דִּידֵיהּ נָמֵי לָא דָּחֵי?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Ashi **said to him: There is Rabbi Yosei, who holds in accordance with your** opinion, **as it is taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yosei says:** On **any day on which there is an additional offering, there is a non-priestly watch.** The Gemara clarifies: **To which non-priestly watch** is he referring? **If we say** that Rabbi Yosei means **the non-priestly watch of the morning prayer, but the first *tanna* also said this. Rather,** Rabbi Yosei must mean the **non-priestly watch of the additional prayer.** However, this too is problematic; is it possible that the additional offering does **not override** even **its own** watch, during the additional service itself?


###### Taanit 28b:4
[Taanit 28b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:4)

אֶלָּא דְּמִנְחָה — קׇרְבַּן עֵצִים דָּחֵי! אֶלָּא לָאו, דִּנְעִילָה. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: דִּידֵיהּ דָּחֵי, דְּלָאו דִּידֵיהּ — לָא דָּחֵי. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** Rabbi Yosei must be referring to the watch **of the afternoon prayer.** However, this is also puzzling, for if **the wood offering overrides** the watch of the afternoon service, the additional offering should certainly take precedence over it. **Rather, is it not** the case that Rabbi Yosei is speaking of the watch **in the closing prayer?** One can **learn from this** that the additional offering **overrides its own** watch, but it does **not override** a watch **that is not its own.** The Gemara concludes: Indeed, **learn from this** that this is the case.


###### Taanit 28b:5
[Taanit 28b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:5)

וְלִיתְנֵי נָמֵי: בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן לֹא הָיָה בּוֹ מַעֲמָד מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ הַלֵּל וְקׇרְבַּן מוּסַף וְקׇרְבַּן עֵצִים! אָמַר רָבָא: זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת הַלֵּילָא דִּבְרֵישׁ יַרְחָא לָאו דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And let** the mishna **also teach: On the first of Nisan there was no non-priestly watch because** it is a day **on which *hallel* is** recited, **and** it is the New Moon, on which **an additional offering** is sacrificed, **and** there was also **a wood offering.** Rava said: **That is to say** that **the *hallel*** recited **on a New Moon** is **not** required **by Torah law** but is a custom.


###### Taanit 28b:6
[Taanit 28b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:6)

דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוֹצָדָק: שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר יוֹם בַּשָּׁנָה יָחִיד גּוֹמֵר בָּהֶן אֶת הַהַלֵּל, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: שְׁמוֹנַת יְמֵי הֶחָג, וּשְׁמוֹנַת יְמֵי חֲנוּכָּה, וְיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח, וְיוֹם טוֹב שֶׁל עֲצֶרֶת. וּבַגּוֹלָה, עֶשְׂרִים וְאֶחָד יוֹם, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: תִּשְׁעַת יְמֵי הַחַג, וּשְׁמוֹנַת יְמֵי חֲנוּכָּה, וּשְׁנֵי יָמִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים שֶׁל פֶּסַח, וּשְׁנֵי יָמִים טוֹבִים שֶׁל עֲצֶרֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yehotzadak:** On **eighteen days a year, the individual completes** the full ***hallel*. And they are: The eight days of the festival** of *Sukkot*, including the Eighth Day of Assembly; **the eight days of Hanukkah; the first Festival** day **of Passover; and the Festival** day **of Assembly,** i.e., *Shavuot*. **And in the Diaspora,** where a second day is added to each Festival due to uncertainty over the correct date, there **are twenty-one days, and they are: The nine days of the festival** of *Sukkot*, including the last day, known as the Celebration of the Torah, **the eight days of Hanukkah, the first two days of Passover, and the two Festival** days **of Assembly.**


###### Taanit 28b:7
[Taanit 28b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:7)

רַב אִיקְּלַע לְבָבֶל, חֲזָנְהוּ דְּקָא קָרוּ הַלֵּילָא בְּרֵישׁ יַרְחָא, סְבַר לְאַפְסוֹקִינְהוּ. כֵּיוָן דַּחֲזָא דְּקָא מְדַלְּגִי דַּלּוֹגֵי, אֲמַר: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ מִנְהַג אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם בִּידֵיהֶם. תָּנָא: יָחִיד לֹא יַתְחִיל, וְאִם הִתְחִיל גּוֹמֵר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
On this topic, the Gemara relates: **Rav happened** to come to **Babylonia,** where **he saw that they were reciting *hallel* on a New Moon.** Unfamiliar with this practice, **he thought to stop them,** as he assumed that they were reciting *hallel* unnecessarily. **Once he saw that they were omitting** portions, **he said:** I can **learn from this** that **they are maintaining the custom of their forefathers,** i.e., they know that it is a custom, not an obligation. It **is taught** in a *baraita*: **An individual should not begin** reciting *hallel* on a New Moon, **but if he has begun he should complete** it.


###### Taanit 28b:8
[Taanit 28b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:8)

חֲמִשָּׁה דְּבָרִים אֵירְעוּ אֶת אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּתַמּוּז וְכוּ׳. נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ הַלּוּחוֹת, מְנָלַן? דְּתַנְיָא: בְּשִׁשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ נִיתְּנוּ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: בְּשִׁבְעָה בּוֹ. מַאן דְּאָמַר בְּשִׁשָּׁה נִיתְּנוּ — בְּשִׁשָּׁה נִיתְּנוּ, וּבְשִׁבְעָה עָלָה מֹשֶׁה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna taught: **Five** calamitous **matters occurred to our forefathers on the seventeenth of Tammuz,** one of which was that **the tablets were broken.** The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive that the tablets were broken on this day? **As it is taught** in a *baraita*: **On the sixth of the month** of Sivan **the Ten Commandments were given to the Jewish people. Rabbi Yosei says:** It was **on the seventh of that** month. The Gemara comments: According to **the one who said** that **they were given on the sixth** of Sivan, **they were given on the sixth, and on the seventh Moses ascended** to Mount Sinai.


###### Taanit 28b:9
[Taanit 28b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:9)

מַאן דְּאָמַר בְּשִׁבְעָה — בְּשִׁבְעָה נִיתְּנוּ, וּבְשִׁבְעָה עָלָה מֹשֶׁה, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּקְרָא אֶל מֹשֶׁה בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי״, וּכְתִיב: ״וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה בְּתוֹךְ הֶעָנָן וַיַּעַל אֶל הָהָר וַיְהִי מֹשֶׁה בָּהָר אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם וְאַרְבָּעִים לָיְלָה״. עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבְּעָה דְּסִיוָן, וְשִׁיתְּסַר דְּתַמּוּז, מְלוֹ לְהוּ אַרְבְּעִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
According to **the one who said** that the Ten Commandments **were given on the seventh** of Sivan, **they were given on the seventh, and on the seventh Moses ascended** to Mount Sinai, **as it is written: “And He called to Moses on the seventh day** out of the midst of the cloud” (Exodus 24:16), **and it is written: “And Moses entered into the midst of the cloud, and he went up into the mount, and Moses was on the mount forty days and forty nights”** (Exodus 24:18). The calculation is as follows: There were **twenty-four** days remaining **in Sivan, plus** the first **sixteen days of Tammuz,** which **comes to forty** days.


###### Taanit 28b:10
[Taanit 28b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:10)

בְּשִׁיבְסַר בְּתַמּוּז נְחֵית, אֲתָא וְתַבְרִינְהוּ לְלוּחוֹת, וּכְתִיב: ״וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר קָרַב אֶל הַמַּחֲנֶה וַיַּרְא אֶת הָעֵגֶל וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ מִיָּדָיו אֶת הַלֻּחוֹת וַיְשַׁבֵּר אֹתָם תַּחַת הָהָר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**On the seventeenth of Tammuz,** Moses **descended, came,** observed the people worshipping the Golden Calf, **and broke the tablets. And it is written: “And it came to pass, as soon as he came near to the camp, that he saw the calf** and the dancing, and Moses’ anger burned, **and he cast the tablets out of his hands, and broke them beneath the mount”** (Exodus 32:19). This shows that the tablets were shattered on the seventeenth of Tammuz.


###### Taanit 28b:11
[Taanit 28b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:11)

בָּטַל הַתָּמִיד — גְּמָרָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna taught that on the seventeenth of Tammuz **the daily offering was nullified.** The Gemara explains: It is **a tradition** that this occurred on that date.


###### Taanit 28b:12
[Taanit 28b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:12)

הוּבְקְעָה הָעִיר. בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר? וְהָכְתִיב: ״בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָרְבִיעִי בְּתִשְׁעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ וַיֶּחֱזַק הָרָעָב בָּעִיר״, וּכְתִיב בָּתְרֵיהּ: ״וַתִּבָּקַע הָעִיר וְגוֹ׳״!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna further taught that on the seventeenth of Tammuz **the city** walls of Jerusalem **were breached.** The Gemara asks: **Was** this tragedy something that occurred **on the seventeenth** of Tammuz? **But isn’t it written: “In the fourth month, on the ninth of the month, the famine was severe in the city”** (Jeremiah 52:6), **and it is written** immediately **afterward: “Then a breach was made in the city”** (Jeremiah 52:7), which clearly indicates that the city was breached on the ninth.


###### Taanit 28b:13
[Taanit 28b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:13)

אָמַר רָבָא, לָא קַשְׁיָא: כָּאן — בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, כָּאן — בַּשְּׁנִיָּה. דְּתַנְיָא: בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הוּבְקְעָה הָעִיר בְּתִשְׁעָה בְּתַמּוּז, בַּשְּׁנִיָּה בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said:** This is **not difficult,** as **here** the verse is referring **to the First** Temple, whereas **there,** in the mishna, it describes the destruction **of the Second** Temple, **as it is taught** in a *baraita*: Upon the destruction **of the First** Temple, **the city** walls **were breached on the ninth of Tammuz;** and at the destruction **of the Second** Temple they were breached **on the seventeenth of** Tammuz.


###### Taanit 28b:14
[Taanit 28b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:14)

שָׂרַף אַפּוֹסְטְמוֹס אֶת הַתּוֹרָה — גְּמָרָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna further taught that on the seventeenth of Tammuz **Apostemos** publicly **burned a Torah scroll.** The Gemara explains: This, too, is **a tradition.**


###### Taanit 28b:15
[Taanit 28b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:15)

הֶעֱמִיד צֶלֶם בַּהֵיכׇל, מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב: ״וּמֵעֵת הוּסַר הַתָּמִיד וְלָתֵת שִׁקּוּץ שֹׁמֵם״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna also stated that on the seventeenth of Tammuz Manasseh **placed an idol in the Sanctuary.** The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive that this occurred on the seventeenth of Tammuz? **As it is written: “And from the time that the daily offering shall be taken away and the abomination that causes appallment is set up”** (Daniel 12:11), which indicates that an idol was placed in the Temple on the very day that the daily offering was suspended.


###### Taanit 28b:16
[Taanit 28b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Taanit/r/28b:16)

וְחַד הֲוָה? וְהָכְתִיב: ״וְעַל כְּנַף שִׁקּוּצִים מְשֹׁמֵם״! אָמַר רָבָא: תְּרֵי הֲווֹ, וּנְפַל חַד עַל חַבְרֵיהּ וְתַבְרֵיהּ (לֵיהּ) לִידֵיהּ, וְאִשְׁתְּכַח דַּהֲוָה כְּתִיב:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And was there** only **one** idol placed there? **But isn’t it written: “And upon the wing of detestable things shall be that which causes appallment”** (Daniel 9:27)? The plural, “detestable things,” indicates the presence of at least two idols. **Rava said: There were** initially **two** idols, **but one fell upon the other and broke its hand.** Since only one idol was whole, the mishna mentions only that one. Rava continues: **And** an inscription was found on the broken idol **that read:**