## Temurah Daf 20a

###### Temurah 20a:1
[Temurah 20a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:1)

וּלְפִסְחוֹ וְלַאֲשָׁמוֹ — עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**or for his Paschal offering or for his guilt offering,** although these offerings are brought only from male animals, it is still consecrated with inherent sanctity. Therefore, if one exchanges for it a non-sacred animal, he **renders** that animal **a substitute,** which is consecrated with the same sanctity as the original animal.


###### Temurah 20a:2
[Temurah 20a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:2)

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לְעוֹלָתוֹ — עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה, לְפִסְחוֹ וְלַאֲשָׁמוֹ — אֵין עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Shimon** disagrees with the Sages and **says:** The *halakha* is not the same in all these cases. Granted, if he consecrates a female animal **for his burnt offering, it renders** the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it **a substitute,** as there is burnt offering status for female birds. For this reason it is consecrated with inherent sanctity and can be sold only after it has become blemished. But if he consecrates a female animal **for his Paschal offering or for his guilt offering** it is not consecrated with inherent sanctity, and it may be sold even without a blemish. Therefore, **it does not render** the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it **a substitute.**


###### Temurah 20a:3
[Temurah 20a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:3)

שֶׁאֵין לְךָ דָּבָר עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה, אֶלָּא הָרוֹעֶה לְהִסְתָּאֵב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
This ruling is based upon the principle that **no** animal **renders** the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it **a substitute except** for an animal that has inherent sanctity, which means that even if it may not be sacrificed, it must still be left to **graze** in order **to become blemished,** after which it is sold, and the proceeds from the sale are used to purchase a fit offering.


###### Temurah 20a:4
[Temurah 20a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:4)

אָמַר רַבִּי: אֵין אֲנִי רוֹאֶה דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּפֶּסַח, הוֹאִיל וּמוֹתַר הַפֶּסַח קָרֵב שְׁלָמִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says,** with regard to this dispute between Rabbi Shimon and the first *tanna*: **I do not agree with the statement of Rabbi Shimon with** regard to the **Paschal offering,** that a non-sacred animal exchanged for a female which was designated for a Paschal offering does not become consecrated as a substitute. I disagree, **since a leftover Paschal** offering **is sacrificed** after Passover as **a peace offering,** and a peace offering is brought even from female animals. Therefore, a female animal that was designated for a Paschal offering should be consecrated with inherent sanctity, as there is peace offering status for female animals. It should not be sold unless it has a blemish, and it should render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute.


###### Temurah 20a:5
[Temurah 20a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:5)

וְלֵימָא: אֵין אֲנִי רוֹאֶה דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּאָשָׁם, הוֹאִיל וּמוֹתַר אָשָׁם קָרֵב עוֹלָה! רַבִּי סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבָּנַן, דְּאָמְרִי: מוֹתָרוֹת לְנִדְבַת צִיבּוּר אָזְלִי, וְאֵין תְּמוּרָה בְּצִבּוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara clarifies the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi: **And let him** also **say: I do not agree with the statement of Rabbi Shimon** with regard **to a guilt offering,** for the same reason that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi disagrees with regard to the Paschal offering, **since a leftover guilt offering is sacrificed as a burnt offering,** and a bird burnt offering is brought even from female animals. Therefore, a female animal designated as a guilt offering should be consecrated with inherent sanctity, and it should render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. The Gemara explains: **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **holds in accordance with** the opinion **of the Rabbis, who say: Leftover** guilt offerings **are used for communal gift offerings,** i.e., they are sold and the money is used to purchase communal gift offerings, **and a substitute cannot** be designated **for a communal** offering.


###### Temurah 20a:6
[Temurah 20a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:6)

קָא סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ, הַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן גַּבֵּי מַפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְעוֹלָתוֹ, מִשּׁוּם הָכִי עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה, דְּהָאִיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלֶה עָלֶיהָ גַּבֵּי עוֹלַת הָעוֹף.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara analyzes the opinion of Rabbi Shimon in the *baraita*: It might **enter your mind** to say that **this is the reason for** the ruling of **Rabbi Shimon with regard to** one who **designates a female** animal **for his burnt offering:** One **renders** a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it **a substitute due to that** reason, **that it has burnt offering status** because of the case **of a bird burnt offering,** which may be brought as a female.


###### Temurah 20a:7
[Temurah 20a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:7)

אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, בְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ פָּרָה לְפָרוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָאִיכָּא פָּרַת חַטָּאת! קׇדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת הוּא, וְקׇדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת לָא עָבְדִי תְּמוּרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
But **if that is so,** in the case **of a High Priest who designated a female cow** instead **of his** male **bull** that he is obligated to bring as a sin offering on Yom Kippur, **it should be sanctified** with regard to rendering a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. Here too, the status of a sin offering **is** upon it, as **the** red **heifer of purification** is similar to a sin offering and is female. The Gemara answers: The red heifer is not consecrated with inherent sanctity, as it is not sacrificed upon the altar; rather, **it is consecrated** for **Temple maintenance, and** items **consecrated** for **Temple maintenance do not render** a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for them **a substitute.**


###### Temurah 20a:8
[Temurah 20a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:8)

יָחִיד שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ שָׂעִיר לִשְׂעִירָתוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָאִיכָּא שְׂעִיר נָשִׂיא! אִי נָמֵי, נָשִׂיא שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ שְׂעִירָה לִשְׂעִירוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָא יָחִיד מַפְרִישׁ שְׂעִירָה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara objects: According to Rabbi Shimon, if **an individual, who** is obligated to bring a female animal as a sin offering, **designated** a male **goat** instead **of his female goat, it should be sanctified** with inherent sanctity with regard to rendering a substitute, **as it has** sin offering status, due to the case of the male **goat** brought as a sin offering by **the king. Alternatively,** if **a king, who** is obligated to bring a male animal as a sin offering, **designated a female goat** instead of **his** male **goat, it should be sanctified** with inherent sanctity with regard to rendering a substitute, since here too it has sin offering status, **as an individual designates a female goat** as a sin offering. Therefore, Rabbi Shimon should have stated that these animals render non-sacred animals exchanged for them consecrated as substitutes.


###### Temurah 20a:9
[Temurah 20a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:9)

הָנֵי תְּרֵי גּוּפֵי נִינְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: Neither a female goat brought as a sin offering by a king nor a male goat brought as a sin offering by an individual are considered to have sin offering status. The reason is that **these,** the king and an individual, **are two** distinct **bodies,** and the status of an offering can be conferred only when such an offering is brought by people of the same status.


###### Temurah 20a:10
[Temurah 20a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:10)

חָטְאוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְמַנּוּ, כִּי מַפְרֵישׁ שָׂעִיר לִשְׂעִירָתוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָא אִילּוּ חָטָא הַשְׁתָּא — בַּר אֵיתוֹיֵי שָׂעִיר הוּא! הָא לָא חָטָא — לָא אִיחַיַּיב בְּשָׂעִיר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara objects: If so, then in a case where an individual **sinned** and is obligated to bring a female goat as a sin offering **prior to being appointed** as king, and he did not designate an animal as his offering before his appointment, **if he designates** a male **goat** instead **of** his **female goat** following his appointment, **it should be sanctified** with inherent sanctity with regard to substitution. In this situation, it should have sin offering status, **as, if he sinned now, he is obligated to bring** a male **goat.** The Gemara explains: This is not correct, **as** he **did not sin** when he was a king, and therefore **was not** actually **obligated to** bring a male **goat,** but a female goat.


###### Temurah 20a:11
[Temurah 20a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:11)

אִי הָכִי, הָכָא נָמֵי, הָא לָאו עוֹלַת הָעוֹף קָמַיְיתֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **If so,** that the individual’s appointment as king does not give sin offering status to the male goat designated as a sin offering for a sin committed prior to his appointment, **here too,** one should say that a female animal designated for a burnt offering does not have burnt offering status, as the person is not a poor leper, and therefore he **does not bring a bird burnt offering.** Why, then, does Rabbi Shimon maintain that such an animal renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute?


###### Temurah 20a:12
[Temurah 20a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:12)

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, דִּתְנַן: ״הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה״ — יָבִיא כֶּבֶשׂ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: אוֹ תּוֹר אוֹ בְּנֵי יוֹנָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: The *baraita* is not referring to an obligatory burnt offering but rather to a voluntary burnt offering, and **Rabbi Shimon holds in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya,** who says that anyone, even a wealthy man, can bring a bird if he vows to bring a burnt offering. **As we learned** in a mishna (*Menaḥot* 107a) that one who says: **It** is incumbent **upon me** to bring **a burnt offering,** without specifying which animal, **brings a lamb,** which is the smallest animal that a wealthy man can bring as a burnt offering. **Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says:** He may even bring **a dove or pigeons** as a bird burnt offering.


###### Temurah 20a:13
[Temurah 20a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:13)

תְּנַן הָתָם: הַמַּקְדִּישׁ נְכָסָיו, וְהָיָה בָּהֶן בְּהֵמָה רְאוּיָה לְגַבֵּי מִזְבֵּחַ, זְכָרִים וּנְקֵבוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara continues to discuss Rabbi Shimon’s opinion in the *baraita*: **We learned** in a mishna **elsewhere** (*Shekalim* 4:7): In the case of **one who consecrates** all **his possessions** without specifying for what purpose, **and among them there is an animal that is suitable** to be sacrificed **on the altar,** or multiple such animals that are **males and females,** what should be done with them?


###### Temurah 20a:14
[Temurah 20a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:14)

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: זְכָרִים יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים, וּדְמֵיהֶן יִפְּלוּ עִם שְׁאָר נְכָסִים לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Eliezer says:** Since he did not specify otherwise, everything is consecrated for Temple maintenance. Therefore, any **males** should **be sold for the needs of burnt offerings,** i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as burnt offerings. **And** any **females,** as they cannot be brought as burnt offerings, should **be sold for the needs of peace offerings,** i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as such. **And their monetary value** that is received from their sale is **allocated with the rest of his property for Temple maintenance.**


###### Temurah 20a:15
[Temurah 20a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:15)

רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים, וְיָבִיא בִּדְמֵיהֶן עוֹלוֹת, וּשְׁאָר נְכָסִים יִפְּלוּ לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yehoshua says:** Although he did not specify for what purpose he consecrated his possessions, it may be assumed that he intended the animals to be consecrated as burnt offerings. Therefore, any **males** should **themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings, and** any **females,** since they cannot be brought as burnt offerings, should **be sold for the needs of peace offerings,** i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as such, **and their monetary value** that is received from their sale should be used to purchase and **bring burnt offerings. And** according to both opinions, **the rest of the property,** which is not suitable for sacrificial use, **is allocated for Temple maintenance.**


###### Temurah 20a:16
[Temurah 20a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:16)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּאָמַר זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת הֵיכִי (מקרבן) [קָרְבָן] שְׁלָמִים? הָא מִכֹּחַ קְדוּשָּׁה דְּחוּיָּיה קָאָתְיָין!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said to Rabbi Yoḥanan: According to** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehoshua, who said** that any **males** should **themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings,** as that was the intention of the one who consecrated them, **how can** the buyers **sacrifice the females** as **peace offerings?** He explains the difficulty: **Their** status **stems from deferred sanctity,** as they were consecrated to be burnt offerings, and a female that was designated as a burnt offering is not sacrificed upon the altar, but instead is left to graze until it becomes blemished and is then sold.


###### Temurah 20a:17
[Temurah 20a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:17)

לִישָּׁנָא אַחְרִינָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מִדְּקָאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, לְמֵימְרָא דִּקְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף אַקְדְּשִׁינְהוּ? אִי הָכִי, נְקֵבוֹת אַמַּאי יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים? בָּעֲיָא רְעִיָּיה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites **another version of** this statement: **Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said to Rabbi Yoḥanan:** From the fact **that Rabbi Yehoshua said** that any **males** should **themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings, is this to say that he consecrated them** with **inherent sanctity? If so, why are the females sold for the needs of peace offerings?** Since they were consecrated as burnt offerings, it is **required** that they be left to **graze** until they become blemished.


###### Temurah 20a:18
[Temurah 20a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:18)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, דְּאָמַר: כֹּל מִידֵּי דְּלָא חֲזֵי לֵיהּ לְגוּפֵיהּ — לָא נָחֲתָא לֵיהּ קְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף. דִּתְנַן, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: תִּמָּכֵר שֶׁלֹּא בְּמוּם, וְאָמְרִינַן דְּטַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן — כֵּיוָן דְּלָא חַזְיָא נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם, לָא נָחֲתָא לֵיהּ קְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Yoḥanan **said to** Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: **Rabbi Yehoshua holds in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon, who said** with regard to **anything that is not fit** to be sacrificed **itself** upon the altar that **inherent sanctity does not descend upon it. As we learned** in the mishna that **Rabbi Shimon says:** If one designated a female for a guilt offering, for which one must bring a male, **it may be sold without a blemish,** and a guilt offering is purchased with the money received for its sale. **And we say that the reason of Rabbi Shimon** is that **as a female** animal **is not fit** to be sacrificed **as a guilt offering, inherent sanctity does not descend upon it.**


###### Temurah 20a:19
[Temurah 20a:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Temurah/r/20a:19)

אֵימוֹר דְּאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן גַּבֵּי נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba objected to Rabbi Yoḥanan: You can **say that Rabbi Shimon** expressed his opinion specifically **with regard to** one who consecrates **a female for a guilt offering,**