## Tosefta Berakhot Chapter 5

###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:1
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:1)

לא יאכל אדם ערב שבת מן המנחה ולמעלה כדי שיכנס לשבת בתאוה דברי ר' יהודה ר' יוסי אומר אדם אוכל והולך עד שתחשך מפסיקין לשבתות דברי ר' יהודה ר' יוסי אומר אין מפסיקין.

**Tosefta Online:**
“A person should not eat on Shabbat eve (i.e. Friday) from the afternoon and on in order that he will desire [to eat food] when Shabbat starts.” [These are] the words of Rebbi Yehudah. [However,] Rebbi Yossi says, “A person can continue eating [on Friday afternoon] until it gets dark.” “[If a person was eating on Friday afternoon and Shabbat started then he must] interrupt [his meal] because of Shabbat (i.e. in order to make Kiddush (sanctification) and start the Shabbat meal from scratch).” [These are] the words of Rebbi Yehudah. [However,] Rebbi Yossi says, “[If a person was eating on Friday afternoon then he] does not [have to] interrupt [his meal because of Shabbat]."


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:2
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:2)

מעשה ברבן שמעון בן גמליאל ורבי יהודה ורבי יוסי שהיו מסובין בעכו וקדש עליהם היום אמר לו רבן שמעון בן גמליאל לר' יוסי ברבי רצונך [נפסוק] לשבת אמר לו בכל יום אתה מחבב דברי בפני יהודה עכשיו אתה מחבב דברי יהודה בפני (אסתר ז) הגם לכבוש את המלכה עמי בבית אמר לו א"כ לא נפסוק שמא תקבע הלכה לדורות אמרו לא זזו משם עד שקבעו הלכה כר' יוסי.

**Tosefta Online:**
It happened [once] that Rabban Shimon Ben Gamliel, Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Yossi we reclining [and eating] in Akko [on Friday afternoon], and the day was over (i.e. it became dark and Shabbat began). Rabban Shimon Ben Gamliel said to Rebbi Yossi, “Let us stop [eating because of] Shabbat.” He said [back] to him, “Everyday you prefer my words in front of Yehudah, [and] now you prefer the words of Yehudah in front of me. ‘Do you also want to kidnap the queen with me in the house?’ (Esther 7:8)” He said [back] to him, “If so, let us not stop [eating because of Shabbat, because] may be [if our students will see us stopping] the Halacha (law) will be established for generations [like Rebbi Yehudah].” They (i.e. their students) [later] said that they (i.e. Rabban Shimon Ben Gamliel, Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Yossi) did not move from there until they have established the Halacha like Rebbi Yossi.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:3
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:3)

[אורחין שהיו מסובין אצל בעה"ב וקדש עליהם היום עקרו עם חשיכה לבית המדרש חזרו ומזגו להם את הכוס אומרים עליו קדושת היום] דברי ר' יהודה ר' יוסי אומר אוכל והולך עד שתחשך....

**Tosefta Online:**
“[If] guests have been reclining [and eating] by the owner of the house (i.e. a private person) and the day was over (i.e. Friday was over and Shabbat began), as soon as it gets dark they interrupt [their meal, say Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals) and go] to the Bet Midrash (Study Hall) [to pray]. [After that] they come back [from the Bet Midrash to the house], they (i.e. the servants) pour for them a cup [of wine and] they say over it Kiddush (Sanctification) of the day (i.e. Friday night Kiddush).” [These are] the words of Rebbi Yehudah. Rebbi Yossi says, “He continues eating [his Friday afternoon meal] from when it gets dark [and on].”


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:4
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:4)

[מזגו לו] כוס ראשון מברך עליו ברכת המזון ומזכיר של שבת בבהמ"ז ובשני אומר עליו קדושת היום.

**Tosefta Online:**
[When a person says Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals) on Friday night after interrupting the Friday afternoon meal,] they (i.e. the servants) pour for him the first cup [of wine] over which he says Birkat Hamazon [for the Friday afternoon meal], and mentions in [that] Birkat Hamazon [the paragraph] for Shabbat (i.e. Retzei Vehachlitzeinu (May it please You and give us rest)). On the second [cup of wine] he says Kiddush of the day (i.e. Friday night Kiddush).


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:5
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:5)

כיצד סדר ההסיבה בזמן שהן שתי מטות גדול מיסב בראש [של ראשונה] ושני לו למטה הימנו ובזמן שהן שלש מטות גדול מיסב [בראש של אמצעית] שני לו למעלה הימנו שלישי לו למטה הימנו כך היו מסודרין והולכין.

**Tosefta Online:**
What is the order of [the beds in the room used for] reclining [during eating]? At the time when there are [only] two beds, the [most] senior [person]4 reclines on top of the first [bed] and the second one to him [in seniority reclines] below him (i.e. his head is at the first person’s feet). And at the time when there are three beds, the [most] senior [person] reclines on top of the middle [bed], the second one to him [in seniority reclines] above him, [and] the third one to him [in seniority] reclines below him. [If there are more than three people, then] they get ordered in this way (i.e. in groups of three) and on.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:6
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:6)

כיצד סדר [נטילת ידים] עד חמשה מתחילין מן הגדול מחמשה ואילך מתחילין מן הקטן עד שמגיע לחמשה וחוזר ומתחיל מן הגדול ולמקום שמים אחרונים חוזרין שם ברכה חוזרת.

**Tosefta Online:**
What is the order [in which people] wash [their] hands [before starting the meal]? [If there were] less than five [people] they begin [washing their hands] from the [most] senior [person]. [If there were] five or more [people] they begin [washing their hands] from the [most] junior [person].


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:7
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:7)

סדר למזיגת הכוס בתוך המזון מתחיל מן הגדול אחר המזון מתחילין מן המברך רצה לחלוק כבוד לרבו או למי שגדול ממנו הרשות בידו.

**Tosefta Online:**
What is the order [in which the servants] pour the cup [of wine to the people eating]? In the middle of the meal, they (i.e. the servants) begin [pouring the wine] with the [most] senior [person]. After the meal, they (i.e. the servants) begin [pouring the wine] with the [person] who will lead [everyone] in the Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals). If [the person who was going to lead everyone in Birkat Hamazon] wanted to give honor to his Rebbi (teacher) or to someone who is greater than him [and have the servants pour his cup of wine first], he is allowed to do so.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:8
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:8)

ב' ממתינין זה את זה בקערה ג' אין ממתינין המברך פושט ידו ראשון רצה לחלוק כבוד לרבו או למי שגדול ממנו הרשות בידו.

**Tosefta Online:**
Two [people who are eating together] have to wait for each other [to continue eating from their] dish (i.e. one of them cannot eat from the dish while the other one has paused from eating for some reason). [However] three [people who are eating together] do not have to wait [for one person who paused to continue eating from his dish]. [The person] who says the Beracha (blessing) [in the beginning of the meal over the bread for everyone], gets to take [the bread into his hand] first. If he (i.e the person who said the Beracha over the bread for everyone) wants to give the honor [of taking the first piece of bread into the hand] to his Rebbi (teacher) or to someone who is more senior than him, he is allowed to do so.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:9
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:9)

לא ישוך אדם מן הפרוסה ויחזירנה בקערה מפני סכנת נפשות.

**Tosefta Online:**
A person should not take a bite from a piece [of bread] and then put it back into the [common] dish [with bread], because of danger.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:10
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:10)

לא ישתה אדם מן הכוס ויתננו לחבירו לפי שאין דעת הבריות שוות.

**Tosefta Online:**
A person should not drink from a cup and then give it to his friend [to drink from], because people’s sensitivities are not the same.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:11
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:11)

א' משמש את השנים ה"ז אוכל עמהן ג' אינו אוכל עמהן עד שיתנו לו רשות.

**Tosefta Online:**
One [person] who is serving to two [people] can eat together with them [without asking them for permission, because after he joins them they can say Zimun]. [However, if there are] three [people eating together], he cannot eat with them until they give him permission [to eat together with them, because they can already say Zimun without him].


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:12
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:12)

בא להם מתיקה בתוך המזון מברך על המזון ופוטר את המתיקה.

**Tosefta Online:**
If they (i.e. the people eating) were brought [by the servants] a sweet relish together with [other] food, he makes the Beracha (blessing) on the [other] food and exempts the sweet relish [from the requirement of saying a Beracha over it].


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:13
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:13)

ר' מונא אומר משום רבי יהודה פת הבאה בכסנין אחר המזון טעונה ברכה לפניה ולאחרי'.

**Tosefta Online:**
Rebbi Muna says in the name of Rebbi Yehudah, “Stuffed pastry [that was served] after the [main] meal, [but before Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals),] requires a Beracha (blessing) before it and after it.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:14
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:14)

מים ראשונים רשות אחרונים חובה מים ראשונים רצה להפסיק מפסיק אחרונים [רצה להפסיק] אינו מפסיק.

**Tosefta Online:**
Washing [hands] before [the meal] (Mayim Rishonim) is optional. [Washing hands] after [the meal] (Mayim Acharonim) is obligatory. [When he washes] Mayim Rishonim, if he wants to interrupt [the water flow over his hands and pour the water over them the second time] he may do so. [However, when he washes] Mayim Acharonim, if he wants to interrupt [the water flow over his hands and pour the water over them the second time] he may not do so, [but rather he must pour the whole cup of water over the hands in one shot].


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:15
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:15)

הכל חייבין בברכת המזון כהנים לוים וישראלים וגרים ועבדים משוחררין חללין וממזרין נתינין סריס אדם סריס חמה פצוע דכא וכרות שפכה כולן חייבין ומוציאין את הרבים ידי חובתן טומטום ואנדרוגינוס חייבין ואין מוציאין את הרבים ידי חובתן.

**Tosefta Online:**
Everyone is obligated in [saying] Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals), Kohanim (Priests), Leviim (Levites), and Yisraelim (Israelites, regular Jews), converts [to Judaism], freed [non-Jewish] slaves, Chalalim (Kohanim who have lost their priestly status), Natinim, Mamzerim (bastards), [a person] castrated by [a deliberate act of another] person, [a person who was] born castrated, [a person] with [one or both] testicles crushed, and [a person] with a cutoff member. All of them are obligated [in saying Birkat Hamazon] and they can absolve others (i.e. say it for others) of their obligation [of saying Birkat Hamazon]. A Tumtum (a person of unknown sex), and a hermaphrodite are obligated [in saying Birkat Hamazon], but they cannot absolve others (i.e. say it for others) of their obligation [of saying Birkat Hamazon].


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:16
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:16)

אנדרוגינוס מוציא את מינו ואינו מוציא שאינו מינו טומטום אינו מוציא לא [מינו ולא] שאינו מינו.

**Tosefta Online:**
A hermaphrodite can absolve his own kind (i.e. say it for another hermaphrodite) of his obligation [of saying Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals)], but he cannot absolve [another person] who is not his own kind (i.e. a man, a woman or a Tumtum (a person of unknown sex)). A Tumtum cannot absolve neither his own kind (i.e. say it for another Tumtum) of his obligation [of saying Birkat Hamazon], nor [another person] who is not his own kind (i.e. a man, a woman or a hermaphrodite).


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:17
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:17)

מי שחציו עבד וחציו בן חורין אינו מוציא לא [את] מינו ולא [את] שאינו מינו.

**Tosefta Online:**
[A person] who is half slave, half free person cannot absolve [another person of their obligation of saying Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals)], (i.e. say it for another person) not [if the other person is of] the same kind as him (i.e. a half slave, half free person), and not [if the other person is] not of the same kind as him (i.e. either a slave or a free person).


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:18
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:18)

נשים ועבדים וקטנים פטורין ואין מוציאין את הרבים ידי חובתן. באמת אמרו אשה מברכת לבעלה [בן] לאביו עבד לרבו.

**Tosefta Online:**
Women, slaves and children are exempt [from saying Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals)], and they cannot absolve many [people, who include men] from their obligation [of saying Birkat Hamazon]. In reality, they (i.e. the Rabbis) said that a woman can say [Birkat Hamazon] for her husband, a son can say [Birkat Hamazon] for his father, [and] a slave can say [Birkat Hamazon] for his master.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:19
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:19)

[קטן שיכול לאכול כזית מזמנין עליו ושאין יכול לאכול כזית] אין מזמנין עליו [אין] מדקדקין בקטן.

**Tosefta Online:**
A child who is able to eat a Kezait (olive size piece) [of bread] is included into [a group of three people to say] the Zimun. And [a child] who is not able to eat a Kezait [of bread] is not included into [a group of three people to say] the Zimun. And we do not check the child [if he is really capable of eating a Kezait or not].


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:20
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:20)

בין שאמר נברך בין שאמר ברכו אין תופסין אותו על כך הנקדנין תופסין על כך בעשרים נחלקו ובלבד שלא יהא בהן אחד שמפטירין [אותו] מן הזמון.

**Tosefta Online:**
Regardless if [a person that is leading the Zimun] said Nevarech (Let us bless) or if he said Barchu (Bless) we do not stop him [and correct him] for this. [Only] cavilers stop [the leader] for this! [A group] of twenty [people] can split up [into two groups of ten people], as long as not even one person gets excluded from the Zimun.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:21
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:21)

[רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר] עלו והסיבו [טובל עמהן אע"פ שלא אכל עמהן כזית דגן הרי] אלו מזמנין עליו.

**Tosefta Online:**
Rabban Shimon Ben Gamliel says, “[If after the guests] have gotten up [from their temporary seats, moved to the main eating hall] and reclined [on sofas], [a person] dipped together with them (i.e. other guests) [any piece of food into brine], even though he did not eat with them [even] a Kezait (olive size) of grain, they can include him [into their group] to say Zimun.”


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:22
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:22)

עובד כוכבים המברך בשם עונין אחריו אמן כותי המברך בשם אין עונין אחריו אמן עד שישמע את הברכה כולה.

**Tosefta Online:**
[If] a Non-Jew says a blessing [for anything] using God’s name we answer after him Amen [even if we did not hear the whole blessing]. [If] a Samaritan says a blessing [for anything] using God’s name we do not answer after him Amen until we hear the whole blessing.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:23
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:23](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:23)

היה מקריב זבחים בירושלים אומר ברוך שהגיענו לזמן הזה כשהוא מקריבם אומר בא"י אקב"ו להקריב זבחים כשהוא אוכלם אומר בא"י אקב"ו לאכול זבחים.

**Tosefta Online:**
[If a person] was sacrificing Menachot (Meal offerings) in Jerusalem, he says [the following Beracha (blessing) before bringing the Mincha (meal offering) sacrifices], Baruch [Ata Hashem Eloheinu Melech Haolam] Shehigiyanu Lazman Hazeh (Blessed are You Hashem, our God, King of the world, Who has brought us to this time). When he [actually] sacrifices them (i.e. Menachot) he says [the following Beracha immediately before bringing the sacrifice], Baruch [Ata Hashem Eloheinu Melech Haolam] Asher Kideshanu Bemitzvotav Vetzivanu Lehakriv Menachot (Blessed are You Hashem, our God, King of the world, Who has sanctified us with His commandments and has commanded us to sacrifice Menachot). When he eats them (i.e. Menachot) he says [the following Beracha immediately before eating them], [Baruch Ata Hashem Eloheinu Melech Haolam] Hamotzi Lechem Min Haaretz (Blessed are You Hashem, our God, King of the world, Who brings forth bread from the earth). [If a person] was sacrificing Zevachim (animal offerings) in Jerusalem, he says [the following Beracha before bringing the Zevach sacrifices], Baruch [Ata Hashem Eloheinu Melech Haolam] Shehigiyanu Lazman Hazeh (Blessed are You Hashem, our God, King of the world, Who has helped us reach this time). When he [actually] sacrifices them (i.e. Zevachim) he says [the following Beracha immediately before bringing the sacrifice], Baruch [Ata Hashem Eloheinu Melech Haolam] Asher Kideshanu Bemitzvotav Vetzivanu Lehakriv Zevachim (Blessed are You Hashem, our God, King of the world, Who has sanctified us with His commandments and has commanded us to sacrifice Zevachim). When he eats them (i.e. Zevachim) he says [the following Beracha immediately before eating them], Baruch [Ata Hashem Eloheinu Melech Haolam] Asher Kideshanu Bemitzvotav Vetzivanu Leechol Zevachim (Blessed are You Hashem, our God, King of the world, Who has sanctified us with His commandments and has commanded us to eat Zevachim).


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:24
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:24](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:24)

עשרה שהיו אוכלין אע"פ שכולן אוכלין מככר אחד כל אחד ואחד מברך לעצמו ישבו לאכול אע"פ שכל אחד ואחד אוכל מככרו אחד מברך לכולן.

**Tosefta Online:**
Ten [people] that are going on the road, even though all of them are eating from the same loaf [of bread], each one of them makes the Beracha (blessing) [over the bread] by himself. [If a group of people] sat down to eat [together] even though each one of them is eating from his own loaf [of bread], one of them makes the Beracha [over the bread] for all of them.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:25
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:25](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:25)

פועלין שהיו עושין מלאכה אצל בעל הבית הרי אלו מברכין לאחריה שתים כיצד מברך ברכה ראשונה כתקנה [וכולל] שניה של ירושלים בשל ארץ וחותם בשל ארץ בד"א בעושין בשכרן אבל אם היו עושין עמו בסעודה או שהיה בעל הבית [מברך עליהן] הרי אלו מברכין כתקנן. ארבעה דברים שבין בית שמאי ובית הלל בסעודה בית שמאי אומרים מברך על היום ואחר כך מברך על היין שהיום גורם ליין שיבא וכבר קדש היום ועדיין לא בא ובית הלל אומרים מברך על היין ואח"כ מברך על היום שהיין גורם לקדושה שתאמר דבר אחר ברכת היין תדיר וברכת היום אינו תדיר תדיר ושאינו תדיר תדיר קודם והלכה כב"ה.

**Tosefta Online:**
Workers that were doing [work] by the owner of the house [when they have to say Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals)] they say [only] two Berachot (blessings) [instead of the four usual Berachot]. [The way they say Birkat Hamazon is as follows.] He (i.e. the worker) says the first Beracha [in the regular fashion]. [Then] he combines [the Beracha] of Jerusalem (i.e. the 3rd Beracha) with [the Beracha] of the land (i.e. the 2nd Beracha) [into one Beracha], and he seals it off with [the ending of the Beracha] of the land. If [the workers] were doing [the work] for him [and receiving] their meal [as pay, instead of money], or the owner of the house was saying the Birkat Hamazon for them [because he ate together with them, even if they were getting paid money for their work, then] they (i.e. the workers) say [all] four Berachot. [These are] the things during meals regarding which Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel argue. Bet Shammai say, “[When a person makes Kiddush on Friday night,] he says the Beracha for the day [first] and [only] after that he says the Beracha on the wine, because the day causes the wine to be brought out, and since the day already began, however the wine has not been brought out yet [until later that evening].” And Bet Hillel say, “[When a person makes Kiddush on Friday night,] he says the Beracha for the wine [first] and [only] after that he says the Beracha on the day, because it is the wine that causes the holiness of the day to be discussed. [Besides this there is] another explanation. The Beracha for the wine is common and the Beracha for the [Shabbat] day is not common.” And the law follows the words of Bet Hillel.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:26
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:26](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:26)

ב"ש אומרים נוטלין לידים ואח"כ מוזגין את הכוס שאם אתה אומר מוזגין תחלה [את הכוס] שמא נטמאו משקין שבאחורי הכוס מחמת ידיו ויחזרו ויטמאו את הכוס וב"ה אומרים אחורי הכוס לעולם טמאין [דבר אחר אין נטילת ידים אלא סמוך לסעודה].

**Tosefta Online:**
Bet Shammai say, “We wash hands [before the meal] first, and [only] after that we pour the cup [of wine for Kiddush, because] may be the liquid outside of the cup will become Tameh (ritually impure), because of the [Tameh] hands, and in turn it will make the cup Tameh.” And Bet Hillel say, “The outside of the cup is always Tameh, [so therefore it does not matter if the liquid on the outside of the cup will make it Tameh.] [Besides this there is] another explanation. Hands should be washed as close to the meal as possible.”


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:27
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:27](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:27)

מוזגין את הכוס ואח"כ נוטלין לידים שאם אתה אומר נוטלין תחלה שמא יטמאו משקין של ידים מחמת הכוס ויחזרו ויטמאו את הידים אלא מוזגין את הכוס ואח"כ נוטלין לידים.

**Tosefta Online:**
We pour the cup [of wine, for Kiddush, first] and [only] after that wash hands [before the meal]. ((Because if you say that we wash first, then may be the water that is on the hands will become Tameh, because of the cup [which is Tameh] and it will go back and make the hands Tameh. But rather [we must say that] we pour the cup [of wine for Kiddush] and [only] then wash hands [before the meal].))


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:28
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:28](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:28)

ב"ש אומרים מקנח ידו במפה ומניחה על השולחן שאם אתה אומר על הכסת שמא נטמאו משקין שבמפה מחמת הכסת ויחזרו ויטמאו את הידים ובית הלל אומרים ספק משקים לידים טהור דבר אחר אין נטילה לחולין מן התורה אלא מקנח ידו במפה ומניחה על הכסת שאם אתה אומר על השולחן שמא יטמאו משקין שבמפה מחמת השולחן ויחזרו ויטמאו את האוכלין.

**Tosefta Online:**
Bet Shammai say, “[After washing the hands before the meal, a person] wipes his hands with a cloth napkin and puts it down on the table [so that he can use it during the meal to wipe himself], [because if he will put it on the cushion instead] may be the liquid inside the cloth napkin will become Tameh (ritually impure) because of the cushion, and it will revert and make his hands Tameh [when he touches the cloth napkin again].” [And] Bet Hillel say, “[In case of] a doubt [if the] liquid [touches his] hands [or not, the hands remain] Tahor (ritually pure).” [Besides this there is] another explanation. Hands do not [need to be] washed [by Torah law, when eating] Chulin (ordinary food that does not have any special holiness to it). But rather [instead of putting the cloth napkin on the table, he should wash his hands and then] wipe his hands with a cloth napkin and put it on the cushion [so that he can use it during the meal to wipe himself], [because if he will put it on the table instead] may be the liquid inside the cloth napkin will become Tameh because of the table and it will revert and make the food Tameh [when the cloth napkin touches the food].


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:29
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:29](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:29)

ב"ש אומרים מכבדין את הבית מפני אבוד אוכלין ואח"כ נוטלין לידים ובה"א [היה] שמש תלמיד חכם ומלקט פירורין שיש בהן כזית נוטלין לידים ואח"כ מכבדין את הבית.

**Tosefta Online:**
Bet Shammai say, “[After the meal is over] we sweep the house [in order to clean up the bread crumbs that fell on the floor], in order to [prevent] the destruction of food, and [only] after that we wash hands [after the meal].” And Bet Hillel say, “If there is a waiter there, who is a Talmid Chacham (a Torah scholar), who picks up [all of] the crumbs that are the size of a Kezait (olive size), [then first] we wash hands [after the meal] and [only] then we sweep the house [from the crumbs].”


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:30
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:30](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:30)

הביאו לפניו שמן ויין ב"ש אומרים כוס יין בשמאלו ושמן ערב בימינו מברך על השמן ואחר כך [מברך] על היין ובית הלל אומרים אוחז היין בימינו [ושמן] בשמאלו מברך על היין ושותהו וחוזר ומברך על השמן וטוחה בראש השמש אם היה שמש תלמיד חכם טחו בכותל לפי שאין שבח לתלמיד חכם שיצא מבושם.

**Tosefta Online:**
[If a person was brought by the waiter wine and perfumed oil at the end of the meal,] Bet Shammai say, “He should hold the cup of wine in his right hand and perfumed oil in his left hand. [Then] he should say the Beracha (blessing) on the wine, and after that [he should make the Beracha] on the oil.” And Bet Hillel say, “He should hold the perfumed oil in his right hand and the cup of wine in his left hand. [Then] he should say a Beracha on the oil and smear it onto the head of the waiter, [if the waiter was in fact an Am Haaretz (a person uneducated in Torah law). However,] if the waiter was a Talmid Chacham (Torah Scholar) [then] he should smear it onto the wall, because it is not praiseworthy for a Talmid Chacham to go out perfumed.”


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:31
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:31](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:31)

א"ר יהודה לא נחלקו ב"ש וב"ה על ברהמ"ז שבתחלה ועל הבדלה שבסוף ועל מה נחלקו על המאור ועל הבשמים שב"ש אומרים על המאור ואח"כ [בשמים] ובית הלל אומרים בשמים ואח"כ מאור.

**Tosefta Online:**
Rebbi Yehudah said, “[If a person is eating a meal on Saturday night before the end of Shabbat and now he is done eating and has to say Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals) and Havdalah,] Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel do not argue about Birkat Hamazon which should be [said] first and Havdalah which should be [said] last. [So] what do they argue about? About the [order of the Berachot (blessings)] on [seeing] the light [of fire] and on [smelling] the spices [in Havdalah itself]. Bet Shammai say [first he makes the Beracha on seeing the] fire and [only] after that [he makes the Beracha on smelling the] spices, and Bet Hillel say [first he makes the Beracha on smelling the] spices and [only] after that [he makes the Beracha on seeing] the light [of fire].”


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:32
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:32](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:32)

הנכנס לביתו במוצאי שבת מברך על היין ועל המאור ועל הבשמים ואח"כ אומר הבדלה ואם אין לו אלא כוס אחד מניחו אחר המזון ומשלשלן כולן לאחריו ואומר הבדלה במוצאי שבת ובמוצאי יו"ט ובמוצאי יום הכפורים ובמוצאי שבת ליו"ט ובמוצאי יו"ט לחולו של מועד הרגיל אומר הבדלות הרבה ושאינו רגיל אומר אחת או שתים.

**Tosefta Online:**
[A person] who comes home on Motzaei Shabbat (Saturday night) says a Beracha (blessing) on the wine, and on [seeing] the light [of fire], and on [smelling] the spices, and [then] he says [the Beracha] of Havdalah [itself, as a part of the Havdalah procedure]. And if he only has one cup of wine, he should leave it for after the [end of] the meal, and he says all of the [four Berachot of Havdalah] in order after [he finishes saying Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals)]. And [in general] he says Havdalah [on the following days:] on Motzaei Shabbat (Saturday night), on Motzaei Yom Tov (Evening at the conclusion of Yom Tov), Motzaei Yom Kippur (Evening at the conclusion of Yom Kippur), on Motzaei Shabbat which falls out on Yom Tov, and on Motzaei Yom Tov which falls out on Chol Hamoed (intermediate days of Pesach and Sukkot). [A person] who is used to [saying Havdalah] says many proclamations of separation [in the final Beracha of Havdalah itself] and [a person] who is not used to [saying Havdalah] says [only] one or two [proclamations of separation in the final Beracha of Havdalah itself].


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:33
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:33](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:33)

בית המדרש ב"ש אומרים אחד מברך לכולן וב"ה אומרי' כל אחד ואח' מברך [בפני עצמו].

**Tosefta Online:**
[If people were sitting together on Motzaei Shabbat (Saturday night)] in the Bet Hamidrash (study hall for learning Torah) [and they had to say Havdalah], Bet Shammai say, “One [person] should say the Berachot (blessings) [of the whole procedure of Havdalah] for all of them.” And Bet Hillel say, “Every person should say the Berachot [of the whole procedure of Havdalah] for himself.”


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:34
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:34](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:34)

היה לו נר טמון בחיקו או בפנס או שראה את השלהבת ולא נשתמש [לאורה אינו מברך עליה עד שיהא רואה את] השלהבת ומשתמש לאורה.

**Tosefta Online:**
[If it was time to make Havdalah and a person] had a candle that was hidden in its case or inside a lantern. [If] he [can] see the flame [of the candle], but he [can] not use its light, [or] he [can] use its light, but he [can] not see the flame [of the candle, then] he should not say a Beracha (blessing) [on seeing the light of the fire], until he [can] see the flame [of the candle] and he [can] use its light.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:35
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:35](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:35)

עששית שלא כבתה מברך עליה נר של נכרי אינו מברך עליה ישראל שהדליק מנכרי ונכרי שהדליק מישראל מברך עליה מאימתי מברך משתחשך לא בירך משתחשך יברך כל הלילה לא בירך כל הלילה לא יברך מעתה.

**Tosefta Online:**
[If it was time to make Havdalah and a person had] a glass ball [candle holder with a candle burning inside it], even though it was not put out [since when it was lit before Shabbat, the person] can still say a Beracha (blessing) [on seeing the light of the fire] on it. We do not say a Beracha [on seeing the light of the fire during Havdalah] on a candle of Non-Jews. [However, if] a Jew lit [a candle] from [another candle] of a Non-Jew or a Non-Jew lit [a candle] from [another candle] of a Jew, [then] we do say a Beracha [on seeing the light of the fire during Havdalah] on it. From when do we say a Beracha on it? From when it gets dark. [If a person] did not say a Beracha [on seeing the light of the fire during Havdalah] when it got dark, he can still say [that] Beracha the whole night [of Saturday night]. [If a person] did not say a Beracha [on seeing the light of the fire] the whole night [of Saturday night], he [can] not say the Beracha [on seeing the light of the fire] anymore.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:36
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:36](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:36)

האש והכלאים אינן מששת ימי בראשית אבל [חשובין] מששת ימי בראשית ר' יוסי אומר אש גיהנם שנבראת ביום שני אינה כבתה לעולם שנא' (ישעיהו סו) ואשם לא תכבה האש והבשמים שבמרחץ אינו מברך עליהן.

**Tosefta Online:**
Fire and mixtures [of animals] are not [actually existent] from the six days of creation, but they are considered to be [as if they are existent] from six days of creation. Rebbi Yossi says, “The fire of hell was created on the second day [of creation] and will never be extinguished, as it is said, ‘And they will go out and see the corpses of men who rebelled against Me, because their worms will not die and their fire will not be extinguished, and they will be loathsome to all mankind.’” (Isaiah 66:24) We do not say a Beracha (blessing) [on seeing the light of the fire and on smelling the spices during Havdalah] on the fire and spices of a bathhouse.


###### Tosefta Berakhot 5:37
[Tosefta Berakhot 5:37](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Tosefta%20Berakhot/r/5:37)

היה עומד בחנות של בשמים כל היום אינו מברך אלא פעם אחת היה נכנס ויוצא נכנס ויוצא מברך על כל פעם ופעם.

**Tosefta Online:**
[If a person] was standing in a store [that sells] spices all day [long], he only says the Beracha (blessing) [on smelling spices] once [in the beginning]. [But if] he was going in and out [of the store all the time, then] he says a Beracha [on smelling the spices] each time [he goes back inside the store].