## Yevamot Daf 30a

###### Yevamot 30a:1
[Yevamot 30a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:1)

**מַתְנִי׳** שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נׇכְרִית. מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת, וְכָנַס נְשׂוּי נׇכְרִית אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וּמֵת — הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצְאָה מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה, וּשְׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָּהּ מַאֲמָר וּמֵת — נׇכְרִית חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַיבֶּמֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** In the case of **three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman,** the following occurred: **The husband of one of the sisters died** childless, **and** the brother **who was married to the unrelated woman married,** i.e., performed levirate marriage with, the deceased brother’s **wife and** later **died** himself, childless. In this situation, both women happen for levirate marriage before the other, remaining, brother. **The first** woman **is dismissed due to** the prohibition proscribing **the sister of one’s wife,** as she is the sister of this brother’s wife, **and the second** woman is dismissed **due to** her status as the first woman’s **rival wife.** Following the first levirate marriage, this second woman became the rival wife of the sister, and is therefore exempt from levirate marriage as well. If, however, the brother married to the unrelated woman **performed** only **levirate betrothal,** but had not yet consummated the levirate marriage with the sister, **and he died, the unrelated woman,** whose halakhic status with regard to *yibbum* is similar to that of a sister’s rival wife, must **perform *ḥalitza* and may not enter into levirate marriage.**


###### Yevamot 30a:2
[Yevamot 30a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:2)

**גְּמָ׳** טַעְמָא דַּעֲבַד בַּהּ מַאֲמָר, הָא לָא עֲבַד בַּהּ מַאֲמָר — נׇכְרִית יַבּוֹמֵי נָמֵי מְיַיבְּמָה. אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת אֵין זִיקָה, וַאֲפִילּוּ בְּחַד אַחָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara deduces the following *halakha* from the second clause of the mishna: **The reason** that the mishna requires *ḥalitza* is specifically **because he,** the brother who was married to the unrelated woman, **performed levirate betrothal with** the sister. **Consequently, had he not performed levirate betrothal with her, the unrelated woman** would be permitted to **enter into levirate marriage as well.** This is true despite the fact that the levirate bond could potentially render her the rival wife of his wife’s sister. **Rav Naḥman said: That is to say, the** levirate **bond is not substantial;** the woman requiring levirate marriage is not considered married to the *yavam*. **And** this is true **even** if the levirate bond was **with a single brother,** as this widowed sister happened for levirate marriage only before the brother who was married to the unrelated woman; her levirate bond was with him alone.


###### Yevamot 30a:3
[Yevamot 30a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:3)

**מַתְנִי׳** שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נׇכְרִית. מֵת הַנָּשׂוּי נׇכְרִית, וְכָנַס אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וּמֵת — הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצֵאת מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה, וּשְׁנִיָּה — מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָּהּ מַאֲמָר וּמֵת — נׇכְרִית חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַיבֶּמֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** In the case of **three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman,** the following occurred: **He who was married to the unrelated woman died, and one of the husbands of the sisters married his wife, and** then **died** childless as well. **The first** woman, i.e., the sister who was originally married to the brother who performed levirate marriage, **is dismissed** and is exempt from levirate marriage **due to** her status as **the sister of his wife. And the second** woman, i.e., the unrelated woman who had entered into levirate marriage, is dismissed **as her rival wife.** If, however, **he performed levirate betrothal** with the unrelated woman, **and** then **died,** then this **unrelated woman** must **perform *ḥalitza* and may not enter into levirate marriage,** as levirate betrothal rendered her status with regard to *yibbum* as similar to the rival wife of his wife’s sister.


###### Yevamot 30a:4
[Yevamot 30a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:4)

**גְּמָ׳** הָא תּוּ לְמָה לִי? הַיְינוּ הָךְ! הַשְׁתָּא: וּמָה הָתָם דַּאֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה הָוְיָא צָרָה לְנׇכְרִית — אָמְרַתְּ נׇכְרִית אֲסוּרָה, הָכָא דְּנׇכְרִית הָוְיָא צָרָה לַאֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה — לֹא כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **Why do I need this** mishna **as well? This** principle **is identical** to the principle behind the ruling in the previous mishna, and therefore this ruling can easily be deduced from the previous ruling. **Now, just as there, when** his **wife’s sister became rival wife of the unrelated woman** who was already the brother’s wife, **you say** that **the unrelated woman is forbidden** despite the fact that the forbidden relative joined later, **here, where the unrelated woman became the rival wife of** his **wife’s sister** afterward, is it **not all the more so** clear that she is exempt as a rival wife?


###### Yevamot 30a:5
[Yevamot 30a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:5)

תַּנָּא, הָךְ תְּנָא בְּרֵישָׁא וְהָךְ חַזְיַא לְהֶתֵּירָא וְשַׁרְיַא, וַהֲדַר חַזְיַא לְאִיסּוּרָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: This mishna was unnecessary, and this is how the duplication occurred: **The *tanna* taught this** mishna **at first, and** with regard to **that** previous case **saw it** fitting to render her **permitted, and he permitted** her to the brother, for he held that if the forbidden relative joined the man’s household later, then she would not render the first wife prohibited as the rival wife of a forbidden relative. **And then** the *tanna* subsequently retracted and **saw it** fitting **to** render the woman **forbidden.** He decided that this woman should be considered the rival wife of a forbidden relative as well, and therefore rendered her forbidden to the brother.


###### Yevamot 30a:6
[Yevamot 30a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:6)

וְאַיְּידֵי דְּחַבִּיבָה לֵיהּ אַקְדְּמַהּ, וּמִשְׁנָה לֹא זָזָה מִמְּקוֹמָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And since** that case was novel, **it was beloved to him and he taught it earlier.** In truth, it would have now been possible to eliminate the present mishna, for there was no longer any novelty in it; its ruling could be derived by an *a fortiori* argument from the previous ruling. **However, a mishna does not move from its place.** Since this version of the mishna had already been fixed, it was deemed inappropriate to remove it completely, and it remained in place despite the fact that it was no longer necessary.


###### Yevamot 30a:7
[Yevamot 30a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:7)

**מַתְנִי׳** שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נׇכְרִית. מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת, וְכָנַס נְשׂוּי נׇכְרִית אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּמֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת נְשׂוּי נׇכְרִית — הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, הוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אַחַת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** In the case of **three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman,** the following occurred: **One of the husbands of the sisters died, and he who was married to the unrelated woman married** the deceased husband’s **wife, and** then **the wife of the second** brother, the other one of the sisters, **died. Afterward,** the brother **who was married to the unrelated woman died,** leaving two women for levirate marriage before the remaining brother: The unrelated woman and the woman who was previously prohibited as the sister of his deceased wife. In this case, the sister **is forbidden to him forever.** She is not forbidden due to her status as his wife’s sister, as his wife already died and one’s wife’s sister is permitted after the wife’s death. However, **since she was** already **forbidden to him at one time,** she is forbidden to him forever. When she first happened before the brothers for levirate marriage, before the third brother married her, she was forbidden to the second brother as his wife’s sister. Therefore, she is forbidden to him forever. In addition, she exempts her rival wife, the unrelated woman, from levirate marriage.


###### Yevamot 30a:8
[Yevamot 30a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:8)

**גְּמָ׳** אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: כׇּל יְבָמָה שֶׁאֵין אֲנִי קוֹרֵא בָּהּ בִּשְׁעַת נְפִילָה ״יְבָמָהּ יָבֹא עָלֶיהָ״ — הֲרֵי הִיא כְּאֵשֶׁת אָח שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ בָּנִים, וַאֲסוּרָה. מַאי קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן? תְּנֵינָא: הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, הוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אַחַת!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **Rav Yehuda said** that **Rav said** a principle on this matter: **Any *yevama* to whom the verse “Her brother-in-law will have intercourse with her”** (Deuteronomy 25:5) **cannot be applied at the time that she happens** before him for levirate marriage because she was forbidden to him at that moment, **is then** forever considered to be **like the wife of a brother** with whom **she has children, and she is forbidden** to him. The Gemara asks: **What is** Rav **teaching us** with this statement? **We** already **learned** this in the mishna: **She is forbidden to him forever, since she was forbidden to him at one time.**


###### Yevamot 30a:9
[Yevamot 30a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:9)

מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: הָנֵי מִילֵּי הֵיכָא דְּלָא אִיחַזְיָא לַהּ בִּנְפִילָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, אֲבָל הֵיכָא דְּאִיחַזְיָא לַהּ בִּנְפִילָה רִאשׁוֹנָה — אֵימָא תִּישְׁתְּרֵי, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: This was necessary **lest you say that this** ruling **applies** only in cases **where she was not eligible** at all **during** the **first** time that she **happened** before the brothers for levirate marriage. Such is the case in the mishna, when she was forbidden to the *yavam* as his wife’s sister the entire time that she was eligible for levirate marriage. Even though his wife died after the other *yavam* married this woman, because she was forbidden to him that entire time, she is forbidden to him forever. **But** in cases **where she was eligible** at some point **during** the **first** time she **happened** before the brothers for levirate marriage, such as in the scenario where the brother’s wife died prior to the time when his other brother married her, one could **say** that **she would be permitted.** In that case, since the prohibition had in the meantime been canceled and she was indeed rendered eligible for levirate marriage with him during the period of the first time she happened before him, one might think that she would now be permitted. It is for this reason that Rav **teaches us** that even in this scenario she would be forbidden to him forever.


###### Yevamot 30a:10
[Yevamot 30a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:10)

הָא נָמֵי תְּנֵינָא: שְׁנֵי אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי — הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, הוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אַחַת!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises an objection: **We learned** this **as well,** as a later mishna (32a) states: In the case of **two brothers who were married to two sisters,** if **one of them,** i.e., one of the brothers, **died and afterward the wife of the second** brother **died, then she,** the surviving wife, **is forbidden to him,** the surviving brother, **forever, since she was forbidden to him** during the period she happened before him **at one time.**


###### Yevamot 30a:11
[Yevamot 30a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:11)

מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: הָתָם הוּא דְּאִידְּחַי לַהּ מֵהַאי בֵּיתָא לִגְמָרֵי, אֲבָל הָכָא דְּלָא אִידְּחַי לַהּ מֵהַאי בֵּיתָא לִגְמָרֵי, אֵימָא: מִיגּוֹ דְּחַזְיָא לְהַאי נְשׂוּי נׇכְרִית, חַזְיָא נָמֵי לְהַאי — קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: One cannot learn the halakhic principle from that case. **Lest you say that there** she is forbidden forever because of the following argument: When she was forbidden to the brother, **she was precluded from** entering **this household completely,** i.e., from the entire obligation of levirate marriage. She received total exemption from the mitzva of levirate marriage because this obligation applied only to the one remaining brother, and she was forbidden to him at the time that she happened before him for levirate marriage. But **here, however,** in the case Rav is referring to, **where she was not completely precluded from** entering **this household** because she still required levirate marriage with another brother, one could **say: Since she is eligible** and permitted **to this** brother, **who was married to the unrelated woman, she is eligible for this** second brother following the death of his wife **as well,** in other words, she was not rendered completely exempt from the obligation of levirate marriage. Lest one make this argument, Rav **teaches us** that under any circumstances she who was forbidden at one time is forbidden forever.


###### Yevamot 30a:12
[Yevamot 30a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:12)

**מַתְנִי׳** שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נׇכְרִית. גֵּירַשׁ אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּמֵת נְשׂוּי נׇכְרִית, וּכְנָסָהּ הַמְגָרֵשׁ וָמֵת — זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ: וְכוּלָּן שֶׁמֵּתוּ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ — צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מוּתָּרוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** In the case of **three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman,** the following occurred: Shimon, **the husband of one of the sisters, divorced his wife, and** then Levi, **who was married to the unrelated woman, died, and** Shimon, **the man who divorced** his wife, **married,** i.e., performed levirate marriage with, **her,** i.e., this unrelated woman. **And** then Shimon himself later **died,** so that the unrelated woman happened for levirate marriage before Reuven, the third brother, who is married to the second sister. In this scenario, Reuven is allowed to consummate the levirate marriage with the unrelated woman. **This is** the case that was referred to when **they said: And** with regard to **all those** fifteen forbidden relatives **who died or were divorced, their rival wives are permitted** to enter into levirate marriage. This is because at the time that they happened before the *yavam* for levirate marriage they were no longer the rival wives of a forbidden relative.


###### Yevamot 30a:13
[Yevamot 30a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:13)

**גְּמָ׳** טַעְמָא דְּגֵירַשׁ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת, אֲבָל מֵת וְאַחַר כָּךְ גֵּירַשׁ — אֲסוּרָה. אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת: יֵשׁ זִיקָה, אֲפִילּוּ בִּתְרֵי אַחֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara deduces from here that **the reason** for this *halakha* is specifically **that** Shimon **divorced** his wife **and after that** Levi **died** and Shimon married the unrelated woman. **But** if Levi had **died** first, **and later** Shimon **divorced** his wife, then the unrelated woman would be **forbidden** to Reuven due to the levirate bond that existed between her and Shimon prior to the latter’s divorce. She would be considered the rival wife of the divorced woman who is the sister of Reuven’s wife. **Rav Ashi said: That is to say, the** levirate **bond is substantial, even with two brothers.** Although the unrelated woman required levirate marriage with two brothers, the levirate bond is substantial enough to create a relationship between the unrelated woman and Shimon such that the unrelated woman is considered the rival wife of the divorced woman, i.e., the sister of Reuven’s wife.


###### Yevamot 30a:14
[Yevamot 30a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yevamot/r/30a:14)

וּלְרַב אָשֵׁי קַשְׁיָא דְּרַב נַחְמָן! אָמַר לָךְ רַב אָשֵׁי: הוּא הַדִּין דְּאַף עַל גַּב דְּלָא עֲבַד בַּהּ מַאֲמָר — נׇכְרִית מִיחְלָץ חָלְצָה, יַבּוֹמֵי לָא מִיַּיבְּמָה. וְהָא דְּקָתָנֵי מַאֲמָר — לְאַפּוֹקֵי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, דְּאָמְרִי: מַאֲמָר קוֹנֶה

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And according to Rav Ashi,** that which **Rav Naḥman** said is **difficult,** as Rav Naḥman deduced from the earlier mishna that the levirate bond is not substantial even in the case of a single brother. The Gemara answers: **Rav Ashi** could have **said to you:** Rav Naḥman’s deduction in the first mishna was not logically necessary. With regard to that mishna, one could have said that when the mishna requires *ḥalitza* in the case of levirate betrothal, **the same is true even** in the case **where he** who was married to the unrelated woman **did not perform levirate betrothal with her.** In that case as well, **the unrelated woman must perform *ḥalitza* and may not enter into levirate marriage** since she was the rival wife of his wife’s sister by levirate bond. **And** the reason **that it teaches** the ruling in the case of **levirate betrothal** was not in order to inform us that she was forbidden due to levirate betrothal, but rather **to exclude** the statement of **Beit Shammai, who say** that through the act of **levirate betrothal** one **acquires** the *yevama*