## Yoma Daf 74b

###### Yoma 74b:1
[Yoma 74b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:1)

כּוֹי בְּרִיָּה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ הִיא. דְּאִי לָא תֵּימָא הָכִי, הָא דְּאָמַר רַב אִידִי בַּר אָבִין: אַף ״כׇּל״ לְאֵתוֹיֵי כּוֹי, כּוֹי סְפֵיקָא הוּא, אִיצְטְרִיךְ קְרָא לְרַבּוֹיֵי סְפֵיקָא? אֶלָּא בְּרִיָּה שָׁאנֵי, הָכָא נָמֵי בְּרִיָּה שָׁאנֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
that **a *koy* is its own species,** and the uncertainty pertains not only to whether it is a wild or domestic animal, but also to whether it even can fit into one of those two categories. **For if you do not say so** and maintain that it might be its own species, how can we understand that which **Rav Idi bar Avin said,** that **also** the word **“all”** stated in the verse: “All blood you may not eat, whether of birds or of beasts” (Leviticus 7:26), comes **to include** the ***koy*.** Now, if you say that the ***koy* is a case of uncertainty, is a verse necessary to include an uncertainty? Rather,** the *koy* is obviously its own **species,** and therefore **it is different** and needs a special verse to include it. **Here too,** in the case of the forbidden fat, we could say that the *koy* is its own **species,** and therefore it **is different.** Consequently, Reish Lakish’s opinion cannot be proven by this *baraita*.


###### Yoma 74b:2
[Yoma 74b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:2)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״תְּעַנּוּ אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם״, יָכוֹל יֵשֵׁב בַּחַמָּה אוֹ בַּצִּנָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצְטַעֵר — תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וְכׇל מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ״. מָה מְלָאכָה שֵׁב וְאַל תַּעֲשֶׂה, אַף עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ שֵׁב וְאַל תַּעֲשֶׂה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ After clarifying the wording of the mishna, the Gemara brings a halakhic midrash to analyze the mishna’s laws. **The Sages taught:** The verse states: “And this shall be a statute to you forever: In the seventh month on the tenth day of the month **you shall afflict your souls”** (Leviticus 16:29). I **might** have thought that one should **sit in the sun or in the cold to suffer** and afflict his soul; therefore **the** continuation of **the verse states: “And you shall not do any labor,** the home-born, or the stranger that lives among you” (Leviticus 16:29). This teaches that **just as** prohibited **labor is** a mitzva that requires one to **sit and do nothing,** as one is commanded to refrain from action, **so too, affliction** of one’s **soul is also** a mitzva requiring one to **sit and do nothing.** One is not commanded to be proactive in order to afflict his soul. Rather, one must refrain from specified actions such as eating and drinking.


###### Yoma 74b:3
[Yoma 74b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:3)

וְאֵימָא: הֵיכָא דְּיָתֵיב בְּשִׁימְשָׁא וְחָיֵים לֵיהּ לָא נֵימָא לֵיהּ קוּם תּוּב בְּטוּלָּא, יָתֵיב בְּטוּלָּא וְקָרֵיר לֵיהּ לָא נֵימָא לֵיהּ קוּם תּוּב בְּשִׁימְשָׁא! דּוּמְיָא דִּמְלָאכָה: מָה מְלָאכָה לֹא חִלַּקְתָּ בָּהּ, אַף עִנּוּי לֹא תַּחְלוֹק בּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And say that** it means that **when** one **sits in the sun and it is** too **hot for him, we do not say to him: Get up and sit in the shade.** Or, if one **sits in the shade and it is** too **cold for him, we do not say to him: Get up and sit in the sun.** These are also cases of affliction involving sitting and doing nothing. The Gemara rejects this: It must be **similar** to the prohibition of **labor. Just as** with regard to prohibited **labor you did not distinguish** between situations, since the prohibition is independent of one’s personal circumstance, **so too, you do not distinguish** with regard to **affliction,** which is not affected by one’s circumstance.


###### Yoma 74b:4
[Yoma 74b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:4)

תַּנְיָא אִידַּךְ: ״תְּעַנּוּ אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם״, יָכוֹל יֵשֵׁב בַּחַמָּה וּבַצִּנָּה וְיִצְטַעֵר — תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וְכׇל מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ״, מָה מְלָאכָה דָּבָר שֶׁחַיָּיבִין עָלָיו בִּמְקוֹם אַחֵר, אַף עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ שֶׁחַיָּיבִין עָלָיו בִּמְקוֹם אַחֵר, וְאִי זֶה זֶה? זֶה פִּגּוּל וְנוֹתָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It was taught** in **another** *baraita* that as the verse states: **“You shall afflict your souls”** (Leviticus 16:29), I **might** have thought that **one** must **sit in the sun or the cold and be uncomfortable;** therefore, **the** continuation of **the verse states: “And you shall not do any labor”** (Leviticus 16:29). **Just as** prohibited **labor is something** that **incurs** *karet* **in other circumstances,** like Shabbat, **so too, affliction** relates to acts that **in other circumstances incur** *karet*. **And what is that** circumstance? **That is** referring to ***piggul* and *notar*,** which lead to *karet* if eaten, and which therefore may not be eaten on Yom Kippur.


###### Yoma 74b:5
[Yoma 74b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:5)

אָבִיא פִּגּוּל וְנוֹתָר שֶׁהֵן בְּכָרֵת, וְלֹא אָבִיא אֶת הַטֶּבֶל שֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּכָרֵת, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תְּעַנּוּ״, ״וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם״ — רִיבָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **I will include** the categories of ***piggul* and *notar*, for which** one is punished **with *karet*** if eaten during the year, **but I will not include untithed produce, which does not** cause one to incur the punishment **of *karet*** if eaten. Therefore, **the verse states: “You shall afflict”** (Leviticus 16:29), and it also states: **“And you shall afflict your souls”** (Leviticus 16:31). The Torah comes to **include** another affliction of a serious eating prohibition, i.e. untithed produce.


###### Yoma 74b:6
[Yoma 74b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:6)

אָבִיא הַטֶּבֶל שֶׁהוּא בְּמִיתָה וְלֹא אָבִיא אֶת הַנְּבֵילָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ בְּמִיתָה — תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תְּעַנּוּ״, ״וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם״ — רִיבָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **I will include untithed produce,** for which one receives **death** at the hand of Heaven; **but I will not include an** unslaughtered **animal carcass,** which, although it is prohibited for consumption, one who eats it **is not** punishable by **death** at the hands of Heaven. Therefore, **the verse states “you shall afflict”** and also **“and you shall afflict your souls.”** The Torah **includes** foods that are associated with a prohibition even if one who eats them is not punishable by death.


###### Yoma 74b:7
[Yoma 74b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:7)

אָבִיא אֶת הַנְּבֵילָה שֶׁהוּא בְּלָאו, וְלֹא אָבִיא אֶת הַחוּלִּין שֶׁאֵינָן בְּלָאו? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תְּעַנּוּ״, ״וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם״ — רִיבָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **I will include an** unslaughtered **animal carcass, which** is prohibited by **a negative mitzva, but I will not include non-sacred,** regular food, **which is not** prohibited by **a negative mitzva.** Therefore, **the verse states** both **“you shall afflict”** and **“and you shall afflict your souls.”** Although non-sacred food is not prohibited in general, the Torah **includes** it in the prohibition of eating on Yom Kippur.


###### Yoma 74b:8
[Yoma 74b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:8)

אָבִיא הַחוּלִּין שֶׁאֵינָן בְּקוּם אֱכוֹל, וְלֹא אָבִיא אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה שֶׁהִיא בְּקוּם אֱכוֹל, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תְּעַנּוּ״, ״וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם״ — רִיבָּה. אָבִיא אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ בְּבַל תּוֹתִירוּ, וְלֹא אָבִיא אֶת הַקֳּדָשִׁים שֶׁהֵן בְּבַל תּוֹתִירוּ, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תְּעַנּוּ״, ״וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם״ — רִיבָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **I will include non-sacred food, which is not** associated with any positive mitzva to **arise** and **eat,** i.e., there is no obligation to eat non-sacred food; **but I will not include *teruma*, which** one is required to **arise** and **eat,** as priests are commanded to eat *teruma*. Therefore, **the verse states “you shall afflict”** and **“and you shall afflict your souls.”** The Torah **includes** *teruma* as well in the foods one is prohibited to eat on Yom Kippur. **I will include *teruma*, which is not** subject to the command: **“You shall not leave over”** (Leviticus 22:30), since *teruma* need not be consumed within a specific time, **but I will not include sacred food,** which is subject to the command **“you shall not leave over”;** it is prohibited to leave the meat uneaten after a certain amount of time. Therefore, **the verse states “you shall afflict”** and **“and you shall afflict your souls,”** to **include** the category of sacred food in the prohibition of eating on Yom Kippur. Consequently, the Gemara has demonstrated that it is prohibited to eat any type of food on Yom Kippur.


###### Yoma 74b:9
[Yoma 74b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:9)

וְאִם נַפְשְׁךָ לוֹמַר, הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי אֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִיא״, עִנּוּי שֶׁהוּא אֲבֵידַת הַנֶּפֶשׁ, וְאֵי זֶה זֶה? זֶה אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if it is your wish to say** something to challenge this reasoning, the Gemara brings an additional proof: **Surely,** the verse **states** with regard to one who violates Yom Kippur: **“I will destroy that soul** from among his people” (Leviticus 23:30). Therefore, **affliction** is something **that destroys a soul. And what is that? That is** refraining from **eating and drinking,** since someone who does not eat and drink at all will die. The Torah is not referring to other afflictions that do not lead to death. These are the words of the *baraita*.


###### Yoma 74b:10
[Yoma 74b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:10)

מַאי ״וְאִם נַפְשְׁךָ לוֹמַר״? וְכִי תֵּימָא: בַּעֲרָיוֹת קָא מִישְׁתַּעֵי קְרָא, — הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי הַנֶּפֶשׁ״, עִנּוּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ אֲבֵידַת נֶפֶשׁ, וְאֵי זֶה זֶה? זֶה אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **What is** meant by: **And if it is your wish to say?** What flaw did the first proof have? The Gemara explains: **And if you say the verse is discussing** relations with **those with whom relations are forbidden,** avoidance of which is also called affliction, and it is not discussing eating and drinking, **the verse states: I will destroy that soul,** meaning **an affliction that can cause death. And what is that? That is** refraining from **eating and drinking.**


###### Yoma 74b:11
[Yoma 74b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:11)

דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל תָּנָא: נֶאֱמַר כָּאן עִנּוּי, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן עִנּוּי. מָה לְהַלָּן עִנּוּי רְעָבוֹן, אַף כָּאן עִנּוּי רְעָבוֹן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The school of Rabbi Yishmael taught** the following concerning the nature of Yom Kippur: The word **affliction is stated here** with regard to Yom Kippur, **and** the word **affliction is stated further on** in a different place, concerning the Jews in the desert: “And He afflicted you and caused you to hunger” (Deuteronomy 8:3). **Just as further on** the meaning of **affliction** is **hunger, so too, here,** the meaning of the word **affliction** is **hunger.**


###### Yoma 74b:12
[Yoma 74b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:12)

וְנֵילַף מֵ״אִם תְּעַנֶּה אֶת בְּנוֹתַי״? דָּנִין עִנּוּי דְּרַבִּים מֵעִנּוּי דְּרַבִּים, וְאֵין דָּנִין עִנּוּי דְּרַבִּים מֵעִנּוּי דְּיָחִיד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And let us derive it** not from the verse that indicates affliction of hunger but from the verse where Laban warns Jacob: **“If you shall afflict my daughters”** (Genesis 31:50), which is referring not to hunger but to marital relations. The Gemara answers: **We derive affliction** commanded to **the public** on Yom Kippur **from affliction** relating to **the public,** i.e., the Jewish people in the desert, **and we do not derive affliction** of **the public from affliction** of **an individual,** as in the case of Jacob’s wives.


###### Yoma 74b:13
[Yoma 74b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:13)

וְנֵילַף מֵעִנּוּי דְּמִצְרַיִם, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיַּרְא אֶת עׇנְיֵנוּ״, וְאָמְרִינַן: זוֹ פְּרִישׁוּת דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ! אֶלָּא: דָּנִין עִנּוּי בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם מֵעִנּוּי בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם, וְאֵין דָּנִין עִנּוּי בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם מֵעִנּוּי בִּידֵי אָדָם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara continues to challenge the view of Rabbi Yishmael: **And let us derive** it **from affliction** stated with regard to **Egypt, as it is written: “And He saw our affliction”** (Deuteronomy 26:7). **We say that** this verse is referring to **abstinence from conjugal relations.** The Egyptians prevented the Jewish people from having relations. This affliction is an example of public affliction that is not abstention from eating or drinking. **Rather,** the prohibition to eat or drink on Yom Kippur should not be learned as stated previously, but as follows: **We derive affliction by the hand of God from affliction by the hand of God,** i.e., affliction caused directly by God or through His mitzvot; **and we do not derive affliction by the hand of God from affliction by the hand of man.**


###### Yoma 74b:14
[Yoma 74b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:14)

״הַמַּאֲכִילְךָ מָן בַּמִּדְבָּר ... לְמַעַן עַנּוֹתְךָ״? רַבִּי אַמֵּי וְרַבִּי אַסִּי, חַד אָמַר: אֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ פַּת בְּסַלּוֹ לְמִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ פַּת בְּסַלּוֹ, וְחַד אָמַר: אֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה מִי שֶׁרוֹאֶה וְאוֹכֵל לְמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רוֹאֶה וְאוֹכֵל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ Apropos the verse: “And he afflicted you and caused you to hunger, and fed you with manna” (Deuteronomy 8:3), the Gemara expounds related verses. The Torah states: **“Who feeds you manna in the desert** which your fathers did not know, **in order to afflict you”** (Deuteronomy 8:16). What affliction was there in eating the manna? **Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi** disagreed on the matter. **One said: There is no comparison between one who has bread in his basket and one who does not have bread in his basket.** The affliction in eating the manna lay in there being no leftover food for the next day. Each day the people worried that they might not have any food to eat the next day. **And one said: There is no comparison between one who sees** the food **and eats** it **and one who does not see** the food **and eats** it. Though the manna could taste like anything, it always looked the same and did not look as it tasted. Being unable to see the food that they tasted was an affliction.


###### Yoma 74b:15
[Yoma 74b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:15)

אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: מִכָּאן רֶמֶז לְסוֹמִין, שֶׁאוֹכְלִין וְאֵין שְׂבֵעִין. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הִלְכָּךְ, מַאן דְּאִית לֵיהּ סְעוֹדְתָּא לָא לֵיכְלַהּ אֶלָּא בִּימָמָא. אֲמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא, מַאי קְרָא: ״טוֹב מַרְאֵה עֵינַיִם מֵהֲלׇךְ נָפֶשׁ״. אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: טוֹב מַרְאֵה עֵינַיִם בְּאִשָּׁה יוֹתֵר מִגּוּפוֹ שֶׁל מַעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״טוֹב מַרְאֵה עֵינַיִם מֵהֲלׇךְ נָפֶשׁ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yosef said: From here** there is an **allusion** to the idea **that blind** people **eat but are not** fully **satisfied** when they eat because they cannot see their food. Seeing the food contributes to the enjoyment of eating. **Abaye said: Therefore,** from what we have just learned, **one who has a meal should eat it only during daytime,** when there is light to see the food that is being eaten. **Rabbi Zeira said: What is the verse** that alludes to this? **“Better is the seeing of the eyes than the wandering of the desire”** (Ecclesiastes 6:9). On the same verse, **Reish Lakish said: The sight of a woman is better than the actual act** of relations, **as it is stated: “Better is the seeing of the eyes than the wandering of the desire.”**


###### Yoma 74b:16
[Yoma 74b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/74b:16)

״כִּי יִתֵּן בַּכּוֹס עֵינוֹ יִתְהַלֵּךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִים״, רַבִּי אַמֵּי וְרַבִּי אַסִּי, חַד אָמַר: כׇּל הַנּוֹתֵן

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ Apropos the dispute between Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi, the Gemara continues with another dispute they had with regard to the correct interpretation of a verse. It is stated: “Do not look upon the wine when it is red, **when it gives its color in the cup, when it glides down smoothly [*bemeisharim*]”** (Proverbs 23:31). **Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi** disagreed. **One said: Whoever casts**