## Yoma Daf 78b

###### Yoma 78b:1
[Yoma 78b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:1)

שַׁעַם בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים? עָמַד רַבִּי יִצְחָק בַּר נַחְמָנִי עַל רַגְלָיו, וְאָמַר: אֲנִי רָאִיתִי אֶת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי שֶׁיָּצָא בְּסַנְדָּל שֶׁל שַׁעַם בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. וְאָמֵינָא לֵיהּ: בְּתַעֲנִית צִבּוּר מַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָא שְׁנָא. אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה: אֲנִי רָאִיתִי אֶת רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר דְּמִן נִנְוֵה שֶׁיָּצָא בְּסַנְדָּל שֶׁל שַׁעַם בְּתַעֲנִית צִבּוּר, וְאָמֵינָא לֵיהּ: בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָא שְׁנָא. רַב יְהוּדָה נָפֵיק בִּדְהִיטָנֵי. אַבָּיֵי נָפֵיק בִּדְהוּצֵי. רָבָא נָפֵיק (בִּדְיַבְלֵי). רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא כָּרֵיךְ סוּדָרָא אַכַּרְעֵיהּ וְנָפֵיק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**cork on Yom Kippur?** Is it considered a shoe, and therefore it may not be worn on Yom Kippur, or not? **Rabbi Yitzḥak bar Naḥmani stood on his feet** to testify **and said: I saw that Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi went out on Yom Kippur in cork sandals, and I said to him: What** is the law **on a communal fast** that is decreed in a time of drought, when shoes are similarly prohibited? Are reed sandals permitted? **He said to me:** It is **no different,** and such sandals are permitted even on a communal fast day. **Rabba bar bar Ḥana said: I saw Rabbi Elazar from Nineveh go out in cork sandals on a communal fast day, and I said to him: What** is the law **on Yom Kippur? He said to me:** It is **no different,** and it is permitted. The Gemara reports: **Rav Yehuda went out** on Yom Kippur **in reed sandals. Abaye went out in** sandals made of **palm fiber. Rava went out in** sandals braided with **reeds.** None of these sandals are considered to be shoes. **Rabba bar Rav Huna wrapped a scarf around his feet and went out.**


###### Yoma 78b:2
[Yoma 78b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:2)

מֵתִיב רָמֵי בַּר חָמָא: הַקִּיטֵּעַ יוֹצֵא בְּקַב שֶׁלּוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹסֵר. וְתָנֵי עֲלַהּ: וְשָׁוִין שֶׁאָסוּר לָצֵאת בּוֹ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הָתָם דְּאִית בֵּיהּ כְּתִיתִין, וּמִשּׁוּם תַּעֲנוּג.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rami bar Ḥama raised an objection:** We learned that **an amputee** may **go out with his** wooden **prosthetic leg** on Shabbat, since it is like a shoe; **these are the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yosei prohibits it. And** a *baraita* **was taught in that regard** as an addendum to that mishna: **And they agree that it is prohibited to go out wearing it on Yom Kippur.** As this indicates that even wooden shoes are prohibited, the materials worn by the aforementioned *amora’im* should also be prohibited. **Abaye said: There,** in the case of Yom Kippur, it is prohibited because **there are rags** in the prosthesis. The prohibition is not due to the shoes but **due** to the **pleasure** of the comfort, which is prohibited on Yom Kippur.


###### Yoma 78b:3
[Yoma 78b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:3)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: וְאִי לָאו מָנָא הוּא — כְּתִיתִין מְשַׁוֵּי לֵיהּ מָנָא? וְעוֹד: כׇּל תַּעֲנוּג דְּלָאו מִנְעָל הוּא, בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מִי אָסוּר? וְהָא רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא הֲוָה כָּרֵיךְ סוּדָרָא אַכַּרְעֵיהּ וְנָפֵיק! וְעוֹד, מִדְּקָתָנֵי סֵיפָא: אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ בֵּית קִבּוּל כְּתִיתִין — טָמֵא, מִכְּלָל דְּרֵישָׁא לָאו בִּדְאִית לֵיהּ כְּתִיתִין עָסְקִינַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said to him: And if** the prosthetic leg **is not a garment,** meaning that it is not a shoe, do the **rags make it into a garment?** Only shoes are forbidden, not other garments. **And furthermore, any** other kind of **pleasure that is not** the pleasure of wearing **shoes, is it prohibited on Yom Kippur?** Only certain afflictions are mandated on Yom Kippur; activities that are not specifically restricted by those afflictions are permitted. **And Rabba bar Rav Huna would wrap a scarf on his feet and go out,** demonstrating that the comfort provided by rags is permitted on Yom Kippur. **Furthermore,** the continuation of the *baraita* contradicts your explanation that the prohibition is due to the comfort provided by the rags. **From** the fact **that it teaches in the latter clause: If** the prosthetic leg **has a receptacle** designed **for rags it** is susceptible to **ritual impurity** like all wooden utensils which have receptacles, **it may be inferred that in the first clause we are not dealing with** a prosthetic leg that **has** a hollow space designed for **rags.** Abaye’s position is thereby rejected.


###### Yoma 78b:4
[Yoma 78b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:4)

אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: לְעוֹלָם דְּכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא מִנְעָל הוּא, וּבְשַׁבָּת בְּהָא פְּלִיגִי: מָר סָבַר גָּזְרִינַן דִּילְמָא מִשְׁתְּמִיט וְאָתֵי לְאֵתוֹיֵי אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, וּמַר סָבַר לָא גָּזְרִינַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, Rava said: Actually, according to everyone,** a prosthetic leg **is** considered to be **a shoe, and with regard to Shabbat this is what they disagree about: One Sage,** Rabbi Yosei **holds that we decree** a prohibition of wearing a prosthetic leg on Shabbat **lest** the leg **slip off and one come to carry it four cubits** in the public domain; **and one Sage,** Rabbi Meir, **holds that we do not decree** such a rule.


###### Yoma 78b:5
[Yoma 78b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:5)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: תִּינוֹקוֹת מוּתָּרִין בְּכוּלָּן, חוּץ מִנְּעִילַת הַסַּנְדָּל. מַאי שְׁנָא נְעִילַת הַסַּנְדָּל, דְּאָמְרִי: אִינָשֵׁי עֲבַדוּ לֵיהּ, הָנָךְ נָמֵי אָמְרִי: אִינָשֵׁי עֲבַדוּ לֵיהּ! רְחִיצָה וְסִיכָה, אֵימַר מֵאֶתְמוֹל עָבְדִי לֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Sages taught: Young children are permitted** to perform **all of** the prohibited activities on Yom Kippur, **except for wearing shoes.** The Gemara asks: **What is different** about **wearing shoes?** It is **because** observers who see a child wearing shoes **will say** that **adults did this for him,** i.e., put them on for him, since he cannot do it for himself. But if that is the reason, with regard to **those** other prohibitions **also,** like bathing and smearing oil, **they will say** that **adults did this for him,** and children should be prohibited from those activities as well. The Gemara explains: With regard to bathing and smearing oil, **they** could **say that they did this for him yesterday,** since one cannot be certain when the child was bathed.


###### Yoma 78b:6
[Yoma 78b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:6)

סַנְדָּל נָמֵי, אֵימַר מֵאֶתְמוֹל עָבְדִי לֵיהּ! סַנְדָּל לָא אֶפְשָׁר דְּמֵאֶתְמוֹל עָבְדִי לֵיהּ. דַּאֲמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: הַאי מַאן דְּבָעֵי לְמִיטְעַם טַעְמָא דְמִיתוּתָא — לִיסְיַים מְסָאנֵי וְלִיגְנֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: If so, we could **say** this with regard to **shoes as well. They** could **say that they did this for him yesterday.** The Gemara answers: In the case of **shoes, it is impossible** to say an adult **did it for him yesterday,** since the child would not have worn shoes at night. **As Shmuel said: He who desires a taste of death should put on shoes and go to sleep.**


###### Yoma 78b:7
[Yoma 78b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:7)

וְהָא מוּתָּרִין לְכַתְּחִלָּה קָתָנֵי! אֶלָּא: הָנָךְ דְּלָאו רְבִיתַיְיהוּ — גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן, הָנָךְ דִּרְבִיתַיְיהוּ הוּא — לָא גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן. דְּאָמַר אַבָּיֵי, אֲמַרָה לִי אֵם: רְבִיתֵיהּ דְּיָנוֹקָא — מַיָּא חַמִּימֵי וּמִשְׁחָא. גְּדַל פּוּרְתָּא — בֵּיעֲתָא בְּכוּתָּחָא. גְּדַל פּוּרְתָּא — תַּבּוֹרֵי מָאנֵי. כִּי הָא דְּרַבָּה זָבֵין לְהוּ מָאנֵי גְּזִיזֵי דְּפַחְרָא לִבְנֵיהּ, וּמְתַבְּרִי לְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But** the mishna **is teaching** that **they are permitted** to wear shoes ***ab initio*.** If so, it is permitted for an adult to perform these acts for a child even on the day of Yom Kippur, and the observer will not think that the adult has done anything wrong. **Rather,** we must explain the mishna as follows: **The Sages decreed** against performing **those** actions **that are not** necessary **for** the child’s **growth,** but **the Sages did not decree** against performing **those** actions **that are** necessary **for** the child’s **growth.** As **Abaye said:** My **mother told me: A child’s growth** requires **hot water and oil** for smearing. When **he grows a little,** he must eat **egg with *kutaḥa*,** a pickled dip made with milk. **When he grows a little** more, he must have **vessels to break,** since he will enjoy breaking them. This is like **Rabba** who **bought cracked ceramic vessels for his children, and they broke them** for their enjoyment.


###### Yoma 78b:8
[Yoma 78b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:8)

הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהַכַּלָּה יִרְחֲצוּ אֶת פְּנֵיהֶם. מַתְנִיתִין מַנִּי? רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן תְּרַדְיוֹן הִיא, דְּתַנְיָא: הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהַכִּלָּה לֹא יִרְחֲצוּ אֶת פְּנֵיהֶם. רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן תְּרַדְיוֹן אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהַכַּלָּה יִרְחֲצוּ אֶת פְּנֵיהֶם. הַחַיָּה לֹא תִּנְעוֹל אֶת הַסַּנְדָּל. רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן תְּרַדְיוֹן אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: הַחַיָּה תִּנְעוֹל אֶת הַסַּנְדָּל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ We learned in the mishna that according to Rabbi Eliezer, **the king and the bride** may **wash their faces** on Yom Kippur. The Gemara asks: **Who is** the *tanna* of **the mishna?** The Gemara answers: It is the opinion of **Rabbi Ḥananya ben Teradyon, as it was taught** in a *baraita*: **The king and the bride** may **not wash their faces** on Yom Kippur. **Rabbi Ḥananya ben Teradyon says in the name of Rabbi Eliezer: A king and a bride** may **wash their faces.** The Rabbis said: **A new mother** may **not wear shoes** on Yom Kippur. **Rabbi Ḥananya ben Teradyon says in the name of Rabbi Eliezer: A new mother** may **wear shoes.**


###### Yoma 78b:9
[Yoma 78b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:9)

מַאי טַעְמָא? מֶלֶךְ, מִשּׁוּם דִּכְתִיב: ״מֶלֶךְ בְּיׇפְיוֹ תֶּחֱזֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ״. כַּלָּה מַאי טַעְמָא — כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְגַּנֶּה עַל בַּעְלָהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב לְרַבִּי חִיָּיא: כַּלָּה עַד כַּמָּה? אֲמַר לֵיהּ, כִּדְתַנְיָא: אֵין מוֹנְעִין תַּכְשִׁיטִין מִן הַכַּלָּה כׇּל שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: According to Rabbi Eliezer’s opinion, **what is the reason** that **the king** may wash his face? **Because it is written: “Your eyes shall see the king in his beauty”** (Isaiah 33:17). A king should always look regal before his nation. **What is the reason** that **a bride** may wash her face? **So that she should not** appear **repulsive to her husband.** Since it is only the beginning of their marriage, her husband may be disgusted at seeing her otherwise. **Rav said to Rabbi Ḥiyya: For how long** after her wedding is a woman considered **a bride? He said to him: As it was taught** in a *baraita*: If she becomes a mourner, **we do not prevent the bride from wearing perfumes** during **the entire** first **thirty days** of her marriage. This shows that for the first thirty days, her appearance is most critical.


###### Yoma 78b:10
[Yoma 78b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:10)

הַחַיָּה תִּנְעוֹל אֶת הַסַּנְדָּל — מִשּׁוּם צִינָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**A new mother** may **wear shoes.** What is the reason for this? **Due to the cold** there is concern that she will become ill, as she is weak from the birth.


###### Yoma 78b:11
[Yoma 78b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:11)

אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אִם מֵחֲמַת סַכָּנַת עַקְרָב — מוּתָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Shmuel said: If** a man is worried about walking barefoot on Yom Kippur **due to the danger of scorpions, he is permitted** to wear shoes, since one need not put himself in danger.


###### Yoma 78b:12
[Yoma 78b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/78b:12)

הָאוֹכֵל כְּכוֹתֶבֶת הַגַּסָּה. בָּעֵי רַב פָּפָּא:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ We learned in the mishna: On Yom Kippur, **one who eats** food the **volume of a large date** is liable. **Rav Pappa asked:**