## Yoma Daf 87b

###### Yoma 87b:1
[Yoma 87b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:1)

אֲתָא רַבִּי חִיָּיא — הֲדַר לְרֵישָׁא. עֲיַיל בַּר קַפָּרָא — הֲדַר לְרֵישָׁא. אֲתָא רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרַבִּי — הֲדַר לְרֵישָׁא. אֲתָא רַבִּי חֲנִינָא (בַּר) חָמָא, אָמַר: כּוּלֵּי הַאי נֶהְדַּר וְנֵיזִיל? לָא הֲדַר. אִיקְּפִיד רַבִּי חֲנִינָא, אֲזַל רַב לְגַבֵּיהּ תְּלֵיסַר מַעֲלֵי יוֹמֵי דְּכִפּוּרֵי וְלָא אִיפַּיַּיס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Ḥiyya,** Rav’s uncle and teacher, **came in,** whereupon Rav **returned to the beginning** of the portion and began to read it again. Afterward, **bar Kappara came in,** and Rav **returned to the beginning** of the portion out of respect for bar Kappara. Then **Rabbi Shimon, son of Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi, **came in,** and **he returned** again **to the beginning** of the portion. Then, **Rabbi Ḥanina bar Ḥama came in,** and Rav **said** to himself: **Shall I go back** and read **so many times? He did not return** but continued from where he was. **Rabbi Ḥanina was offended** because Rav showed that he was less important than the others. **Rav went before** Rabbi Ḥanina **on Yom Kippur eve** every year for **thirteen** years to appease him, **but he would not be appeased.**


###### Yoma 87b:2
[Yoma 87b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:2)

וְהֵיכִי עָבֵיד הָכִי? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר חֲנִינָא: כׇּל הַמְבַקֵּשׁ מָטוּ מֵחֲבֵירוֹ אַל יְבַקֵּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ יוֹתֵר מִשָּׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים! רַב שָׁאנֵי. וְרַבִּי חֲנִינָא, הֵיכִי עָבֵיד הָכִי? וְהָאָמַר רָבָא: כׇּל הַמַּעֲבִיר עַל מִדּוֹתָיו — מַעֲבִירִין לוֹ עַל כׇּל פְּשָׁעָיו!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **How could** Rav **act this way? Didn’t Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina say: Anyone who requests forgiveness from another should not ask more than three times?** The Gemara answers: **Rav is different,** since he was very pious and forced himself to act beyond the letter of the law. The Gemara asks: **And how could Rabbi Ḥanina act this way** and refuse to forgive Rav, though he asked many times? **Didn’t Rava say:** With regard to **anyone who suppresses his honor** and forgives someone for hurting him, God **pardons all his sins?**


###### Yoma 87b:3
[Yoma 87b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:3)

אֶלָּא: רַבִּי חֲנִינָא חֶלְמָא חָזֵי לֵיהּ לְרַב דְּזַקְפוּהוּ בְּדִיקְלָא, וּגְמִירִי דְּכֹל דְּזַקְפוּהוּ בְּדִיקְלָא — רֵישָׁא הָוֵי. אָמַר: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ בָּעֵי לְמֶעְבַּד רְשׁוּתָא וְלָא אִיפַּיַּיס, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֵיזִיל וְלִגְמַר אוֹרָיְיתָא בְּבָבֶל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **Rather,** this is what happened: **Rabbi Ḥanina saw in a dream** that **Rav was being hung on a palm tree, and** he **learned** as a tradition that **anyone** about whom there is a dream in **which he was being hung on a palm tree will become the head** of a yeshiva. **He said: Learn from this that**providence has decreed that **he must eventually become the head** of the yeshiva. Therefore, **I will not be appeased, so that he will have to go and study Torah in Babylonia.** He was conscious of the principle that one kingdom cannot overlap with another, and he knew that once Rav was appointed leader, he, Rabbi Ḥanina, would have to abdicate his own position or die. Therefore, he delayed being appeased, so that Rav would go to Babylonia and be appointed there as head of the yeshiva. In this way, the dream would be fulfilled, as Rav would indeed be appointed as head of a yeshiva, but since he would be in Babylonia, Rabbi Ḥanina would not lose his own position.


###### Yoma 87b:4
[Yoma 87b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:4)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מִצְוַת וִידּוּי עֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים עִם חֲשֵׁכָה. אֲבָל אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים: יִתְוַדֶּה קוֹדֶם שֶׁיֹּאכַל וְיִשְׁתֶּה, שֶׁמָּא תִּטָּרֵף דַּעְתּוֹ בִּסְעוּדָה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִתְוַדָּה קוֹדֶם שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׁתָה — מִתְוַדֶּה לְאַחַר שֶׁיֹּאכַל וְיִשְׁתֶּה, שֶׁמָּא אֵירַע דְּבַר קַלְקָלָה בַּסְּעוּדָה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִתְוַדָּה עַרְבִית — יִתְוַדֶּה שַׁחֲרִית. שַׁחֲרִית — יִתְוַדֶּה בְּמוּסָף, בְּמוּסָף — יִתְוַדֶּה בְּמִנְחָה, בְּמִנְחָה — יִתְוַדֶּה בִּנְעִילָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Sages taught:** The main **mitzva of confession** is on **Yom Kippur eve when darkness** falls. **But the Sages said:** One should also **confess** on Yom Kippur eve **before he eats and drinks** at his last meal before the fast **lest he become confused at the meal,** due to the abundance of food and drink, and be unable to confess afterward. **And although one confessed before he ate and drank, he confesses** again **after he eats and drinks,** as **perhaps he committed some sin during the meal** itself. **And although one confessed** during **the evening prayer** on the night of Yom Kippur, **he** should **confess** again during **the morning prayer.** Likewise, although one confessed during the **morning prayer, he** should still **confess during** the **additional prayer.** Similarly, although one confessed **during** the **additional prayer, he** should also **confess during** the **afternoon prayer;** and although one confessed **during** the **afternoon prayer, he** should **confess** again **during** the **closing prayer [*ne’ila*].**


###### Yoma 87b:5
[Yoma 87b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:5)

וְהֵיכָן אוֹמְרוֹ? יָחִיד אַחַר תְּפִלָּתוֹ, וּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר אוֹמְרוֹ בָּאֶמְצַע. מַאי אָמַר? אָמַר רַב: ״אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ רָזֵי עוֹלָם״. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: ״מִמַּעֲמַקֵּי הַלֵּב״. וְלֵוִי אָמַר: ״וּבְתוֹרָתְךָ כָּתוּב לֵאמֹר״. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: ״רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And where** in the Yom Kippur prayers **does one say** the confession? **An individual** says it **after his** *Amida* **prayer, and the prayer leader says it in the middle** of the *Amida* prayer. The Gemara asks: **What does one say;** what is the liturgy of the confession? **Rav said:** One says the prayer that begins: **You know the mysteries of the universe,** in accordance with the standard liturgy. **And Shmuel said** that the prayer begins with: **From the depths of the heart. And Levi said** that it begins: **And in your Torah it is written, saying,** and one then recites the forgiveness achieved by Yom Kippur as stated in the Torah. **Rabbi Yoḥanan said** that it begins: **Master of the Universe.**


###### Yoma 87b:6
[Yoma 87b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:6)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָמַר: ״כִּי עֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ רַבּוּ מִלִּמְנוֹת וְחַטֹּאתֵינוּ עָצְמוּ מִסַּפֵּר״. רַב הַמְנוּנָא אָמַר: ״אֱלֹהַי, עַד שֶׁלֹּא נוֹצַרְתִּי אֵינִי כְּדַאי. עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁנּוֹצַרְתִּי, כְּאִילּוּ לֹא נוֹצַרְתִּי. עָפָר אֲנִי בְּחַיַּי, קַל וָחוֹמֶר בְּמִיתָתִי. הֲרֵי אֲנִי לְפָנֶיךָ כִּכְלִי מָלֵא בּוּשָׁה וּכְלִימָּה. יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְּפָנֶיךָ שֶׁלֹּא אֶחֱטָא, וּמַה שֶׁחָטָאתִי — מְרוֹק בְּרַחֲמֶיךָ, אֲבָל לֹא עַל יְדֵי יִסּוּרִין״. וְהַיְינוּ וִידּוּיָא דְרָבָא כּוּלַּהּ שַׁתָּא, וּדְרַב הַמְנוּנָא זוּטָא בְּיוֹמָא דְכִפּוּרֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yehuda said** that one says: **For our iniquities are too many to count and our sins are too great to number. Rav Hamnuna said:** This is the liturgy of the confession: **My God, before I was formed I was unworthy. Now that I have been formed, it is as if I had not been formed. I am dust while alive, how much more so when I am dead. See, I am before You like a vessel filled with shame and disgrace. May it be Your will that I may sin no more, and as for** the sins **I have committed before You, erase** them **in Your compassion, but not by suffering.** The Gemara comments: **This is the confession that Rava** used **all year** long; **and** it was the confession **that Rav Hamnuna Zuta** used **on Yom Kippur.**


###### Yoma 87b:7
[Yoma 87b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:7)

אָמַר מָר זוּטְרָא: לָא אֲמַרַן, אֶלָּא דְּלָא אָמַר: ״אֲבָל אֲנַחְנוּ חָטָאנוּ״, אֲבָל אָמַר: ״אֲבָל אֲנַחְנוּ חָטָאנוּ״ — תּוּ לָא צְרִיךְ. דְּאָמַר בַּר הַמְדּוּדֵי: הֲוָה קָאֵימְנָא קַמֵּיהּ דִּשְׁמוּאֵל, וַהֲוָה יָתֵיב, וְכִי מְטָא שְׁלִיחָא דְצִבּוּרָא וְאָמַר: ״אֲבָל אֲנַחְנוּ חָטָאנוּ״, קָם מֵיקָם, אֲמַר: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ עִיקַּר וִידּוּי הַאי הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Mar Zutra said: We said only** that one must follow all these versions **when he did not say** the words: **But we have sinned. However,** if **he said** the words: **But we have sinned, he need not** say **anything further** because that is the essential part of the confession. **As bar Hamdudei said: I was standing before Shmuel and he was sitting; and when the prayer leader reached** the words: **But we have sinned,** Shmuel **stood.** Bar Hamdudei **said: Learn from here that this is the main** part of **the confession,** and Shmuel stood up to emphasize the significance of these words.


###### Yoma 87b:8
[Yoma 87b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:8)

תְּנַן הָתָם: בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְּרָקִים בַּשָּׁנָה כֹּהֲנִים נוֹשְׂאִין אֶת כַּפֵּיהֶן אַרְבָּעָה פְּעָמִים בַּיּוֹם: בְּשַׁחֲרִית, בְּמוּסָף, בְּמִנְחָה, וּבִנְעִילַת שְׁעָרִים. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה פְּרָקִים: בְּתַעֲנִיּוֹת, וּבְמַעֲמָדוֹת, וּבְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **We learned** in a mishna **there,** in tractate *Ta’anit*: **At three times in the year, priests raise their hands** to recite the priestly benediction **four times in** a single **day: In** the **morning prayer, in** the **additional prayer, in** the **afternoon prayer, and at** the **closing [*ne’ila*] of the gates. And these are** the **three times** in the year: **During** communal **fasts** for lack of rain, on which the *ne’ila* prayer is recited; **and during** non-priestly **watches [*ma’amadot*],** when the Israelite members of the guard parallel to the priestly watch come and read the account of Creation (see *Ta’anit* 26a); **and on Yom Kippur.**


###### Yoma 87b:9
[Yoma 87b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:9)

מַאי נְעִילַת שְׁעָרִים? רַב אָמַר: צְלוֹתָא יַתִּירְתָּא. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: ״מָה אָנוּ מֶה חַיֵּינוּ״. מֵיתִיבִי: אוֹר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, בְּשַׁחֲרִית מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, בְּמוּסָף מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, בְּמִנְחָה מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, בִּנְעִילָה מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What is the closing of the gates,** i.e., the *ne*’*ila* prayer? **Rav said:** It is **an added prayer** of *Amida*. **And Shmuel said:** It is not a full prayer but only a confession that begins with the words: **What are we, what are our lives?** The Gemara **raises an objection** to this from a *baraita*, as it was taught: On **the night of Yom Kippur, one prays seven** blessings in the *Amida* prayer **and confesses; during** the **morning prayer, one prays seven** blessings **and confesses; during** the **additional prayer, one prays seven** blessings **and confesses; during** the **afternoon prayer, one prays seven** blessings **and confesses;** and **during** the ***ne’ila* prayer, one prays seven** blessings **and confesses.** This concurs with Rav’s opinion that *ne’ila* is an added prayer.


###### Yoma 87b:10
[Yoma 87b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:10)

תַּנָּאֵי הִיא, דְּתַנְיָא: יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים עִם חֲשֵׁיכָה מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, וְחוֹתֵם בְּוִידּוּי — דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע, וְאִם רָצָה לַחְתּוֹם בְּוִידּוּי — חוֹתֵם. תְּיוּבְתָּא דִשְׁמוּאֵל תְּיוּבְתָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**This is** a dispute between ***tanna’im*** They all agree that *ne’ila* is an added prayer but disagree about the obligation to confess at the *ne’ila* prayer, **as it was taught** in a *baraita*: At the end of **Yom Kippur, as darkness** falls, **one prays seven** blessings of the *Amida* **and confesses and ends with the confession;** this is **the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: He prays seven** blessings of the *Amida*, **and if he wishes to end** his prayer **with a confession, he ends** it in this way. The Gemara says: If so, **this is a refutation of** the opinion of **Shmuel,** since all agree that *ne’ila* is a complete prayer. The Gemara concludes: Indeed, it is **a** conclusive **refutation.**


###### Yoma 87b:11
[Yoma 87b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:11)

עוּלָּא בַּר רַב נְחֵית קַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא. פְּתַח בְּ״אַתָּה בְּחַרְתָּנוּ״ וְסַיֵּים בְּ״מָה אָנוּ מֶה חַיֵּינוּ״, וְשַׁבְּחֵיהּ. רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב נָתָן אָמַר: וְיָחִיד אוֹמְרָהּ אַחַר תְּפִלָּתוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates: **Ulla bar Rav went down** to lead the *ne’ila* prayer **before Rava,** who was in the synagogue. **He opened** the prayer **with: You have chosen us, and he concluded with: What are we, what are our lives? And** Rava **praised him. Rav Huna, son of Rav Natan, said: And an individual says it after his** *Amida* **prayer.** The individual says the confession after his *Amida* prayer, not within the *Amida* prayer as the prayer leader does.


###### Yoma 87b:12
[Yoma 87b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:12)

אָמַר רַב: תְּפִלַּת נְעִילָה פּוֹטֶרֶת אֶת שֶׁל עַרְבִית. רַב לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דַּאֲמַר: צְלוֹתָא יַתִּירָה הִיא, וְכֵיוָן דְּצַלִּי לֵיהּ — תּוּ לָא צְרִיךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav said: The *ne’ila* prayer exempts** one from **the evening prayer.** Since one recited an added prayer after the afternoon prayer, when darkness fell, it serves as the evening prayer. The Gemara comments that **Rav** conforms **to his** line of **reasoning** above, **as he said: It is an added prayer, and since he has prayed it he needs no further** prayer in the evening.


###### Yoma 87b:13
[Yoma 87b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:13)

וּמִי אָמַר רַב הָכִי? וְהָאָמַר רַב: הֲלָכָה כְּדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר תְּפִלַּת עַרְבִית רְשׁוּת! לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר חוֹבָה קָאָמַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara is surprised at this: **And did Rav** actually **say this? Didn’t Rav say:** The ***halakha* is in accordance with the statement of the one who says** that the **evening prayer is optional?** If it is optional, why would Rav use the term exempt? One is exempt even if he does not pray the closing prayer. The Gemara answers: **He said this in accordance with the statement of the one who says** that the evening prayer **is mandatory.** Even according to the opinion that maintains that the evening prayer is mandatory, if one recites *ne’ila*, he has fulfilled his obligation to recite the evening prayer.


###### Yoma 87b:14
[Yoma 87b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Yoma/r/87b:14)

מֵיתִיבִי: אוֹר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, שַׁחֲרִית שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, מוּסָף שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, בִּנְעִילָה מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה, עַרְבִית מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע מֵעֵין שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מִשּׁוּם אֲבוֹתָיו: מִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה שְׁלֵימוֹת,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from that which we learned in a *baraita*: During the **evening** after **Yom Kippur, one prays seven** blessings in the *Amida* **and confesses;** during the **morning prayer,** one prays **seven** blessings in the *Amida* **and confesses;** during the **additional prayer,** one prays **seven** blessings in the *Amida* **and confesses; during *ne’ila* one prays seven** blessings in the *Amida* **and confesses;** and during **the evening prayer,** one prays **seven** blessings **in** an **abridged** version of the **eighteen** blessings of the weekday *Amida* prayer. One recites the first three blessings, the final three, and a middle blessing that includes an abbreviated form of the other weekday blessings. **Rabbi Ḥanina ben Gamliel** says **in the name of his ancestors: One prays** the **full eighteen** blessings of the weekday *Amida* prayer as usual,