## The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana

###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:1
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:1)

אַרְבָּעָה רָאשֵׁי שָׁנִים הֵם:
בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַמְּלָכִים וְלָרְגָלִים
בְּאֶחָד בֶּאֱלוּל, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה
רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים: בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי
בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַשָּׁנִים וְלַשְּׁמִטִּין וְלַיּוֹבְלוֹת,
לַנְּטִיעָה וְלַיְרָקוֹת
בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָן, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי
בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ.

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
1 There are four new years:
The first of Nisan is New Year for kings and festivals.
The first of Elul is New Year for animal tithes –
Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon say: This is the first of Tishrei.
The first of Tishrei is New Year for years, and Sabbatical years and Jubilees,
and also for tree-planting and vegetables.
The first of Shevat is New Year for trees – thus Beit Shammai.
Beit Hillel say: This is the fifteenth.


###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:2
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:2)

בְּאַרְבָּעָה פְרָקִים הָעוֹלָם נִדּוֹן:
בַּפֶּסַח, עַל הַתְּבוּאָה
בָּעֲצֶרֶת, עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן
בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, כָּל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם עוֹבְרִין לְפָנָיו כִּבְנֵי מָרוֹן
שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם, הַמֵּבִין אֶל־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם:
וּבֶחָג, נִדּוֹנִין עַל הַמַּיִם.

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
2 There are four times when the world is judged:
At Pesaḥ, for the crops;
at Shavuot, for tree fruits;
at Rosh HaShana, all who have come into this world
pass before Him like sheep,
as it is said, “He forms the hearts of all,
and discerns all their deeds”;
and at Sukkot they are judged for the water.


###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:3
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:3)

עַל שִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים הַשְּׁלוּחִים יוֹצְאִין:
עַל נִיסָן מִפְּנֵי הַפֶּסַח
עַל אָב מִפְּנֵי הַתַּעֲנִית
עַל אֱלוּל מִפְּנֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה
עַל תִּשְׁרֵי מִפְּנֵי תַקָּנַת הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת
עַל כִּסְלֵו מִפְּנֵי הַחֲנֻכָּה
וְעַל אֲדָר מִפְּנֵי הַפּוּרִים.
וּכְשֶׁהָיָה בֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ קַיָּם
יוֹצְאִין אַף עַל אִיָּר מִפְּנֵי פֶסַח קָטָן.

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
3 There are six months for which the messengers go out:
for Nisan because of Pesaḥ,
for Av because of the fast,
for Elul because of Rosh HaShana,
for Tishrei to set the festivals,
for Kislev because of Ḥanukka,
and for Adar because of Purim.
When the Temple stood
they would go out for Iyar also, because of Pesaḥ Katan.


###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:4
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:4)

עַל שְׁנֵי חֳדָשִׁים מְחַלְּלִין אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת:
עַל נִיסָן וְעַל תִּשְׁרֵי
שֶׁבָּהֶן הַשְּׁלוּחִין יוֹצְאִין לְסוּרְיָא
וּבָהֶן מְתַקְּנִין אֶת הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת.
וּכְשֶׁהָיָה בֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ קַיָּם, מְחַלְּלִין אַף עַל כֻּלָּן
מִפְּנֵי תַקָּנַת הַקָּרְבָּן.

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
4 There are two months for which one breaks Shabbat:
for Nisan and for Tishrei.
For on these the messengers would go out to Syria,
and by these the dates of the festivals are set.
When the Temple stood, they would break Shabbat for any month,
to set the offerings.


###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:5
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:5)

בֵּין שֶׁנִּרְאָה בַעֲלִיל, בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא נִרְאָה בַעֲלִיל
מְחַלְּלִין עָלָיו אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת.
רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אִם נִרְאָה בַעֲלִיל
אֵין מְחַלְּלִין עָלָיו אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת.

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
5 Whether the new moon is clearly seen or not,
one breaks Shabbat to testify.
Rabbi Yose said, if it is clearly seen,
one does not break Shabbat.


###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:6
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:6)

מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁעָבְרוּ יוֹתֵר מֵאַרְבָּעִים זוּג
וְעִכְּבָן רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בְּלוּד.
שָׁלַח לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל:
אִם מְעַכֵּב אַתָּה אֶת הָרַבִּים
נִמְצֵאתָ מַכְשִׁילָן לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא.

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
6 Once, more than forty pairs of witnesses passed by,
and Rabbi Akiva stopped them when they came to Lod.
Rabban Gamliel sent to tell him,
“If you prevent the public coming,
you mislead them for the future.”


###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:7
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:7)

אָב וּבְנוֹ שֶׁרָאוּ אֶת הַחֹדֶשׁ, יֵלֵכוּ
לֹא שֶׁמִּצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה
אֶלָּא שֶׁאִם יִפָּסֵל אֶחָד מֵהֶן
יִצְטָרֵף הַשֵּׁנִי עִם אַחֵר.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אָב וּבְנוֹ וְכָל הַקְּרוֹבִין
כְּשֵׁרִין לְעֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ.
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: מַעֲשֶׂה בְטוֹבִיָּה הָרוֹפֵא
שֶׁרָאָה אֶת הַחֹדֶשׁ בִּירוּשָׁלִַם, הוּא וּבְנוֹ וְעַבְדּוֹ הַמְשֻׁחְרָר
וְקִבְּלוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בְּנוֹ, וּפָסְלוּ אֶת עַבְדּוֹ.
וּכְשֶׁבָּאוּ לִפְנֵי בֵית דִּין
קִבְּלוּ אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת עַבְדּוֹ, וּפָסְלוּ אֶת בְּנוֹ.

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
7 If a father and son both see the new moon they should come;
they cannot testify together,
but if one becomes invalid,
then the other one can join with somebody else.
Rabbi Shimon says: A father and son and all other kin,
are able to testify together to the moon.
Rabbi Yose said: Once, Tuvia the doctor
saw the new moon in Jerusalem,
he and his son and his liberated slave.
The priests accepted testimony from him and from his son,
but declared his slave an invalid witness.
And when they came to court,
they took testimony from him and from his slave
but declared his son invalid.


###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:8
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:8)

אֵלּוּ הֵן הַפְּסוּלִין:
הַמְשַׂחֵק בַּקֻּבְיָא
וּמַלְוֵי בָרִבִּית
וּמַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים
וְסוֹחֲרֵי שְׁבִיעִית
וַעֲבָדִים.
זֶה הַכְּלָל:
כָּל עֵדוּת שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה כְשֵׁרָה לָהּ
אַף הֵן אֵינָן כְּשֵׁרִים לָהּ.

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
8 These are invalid witnesses:
One who plays with dice,
one who lends on interest,
one who sends out pigeons,
one who trades the produce of the Sabbatical year,
and slaves.
This is the rule:
for any testimony women cannot give,
these men too are invalid.


###### The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:9
[The Koren Rosh HaShana Mahzor; Ashkenaz, Massekhet Rosh HaShana 1:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/The%20Koren%20Rosh%20HaShana%20Mahzor%3B%20Ashkenaz/s/Massekhet%20Rosh%20HaShana/r/1:9)

מִי שֶׁרָאָה אֶת הַחֹדֶשׁ וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַלֵּךְ
מוֹלִיכִין אוֹתוֹ עַל הַחֲמוֹר, אֲפִלּוּ בַמִּטָּה
וְאִם צוֹדֶה לָהֶם, לוֹקְחִין בְּיָדָם מַקְלוֹת
וְאִם הָיְתָה דֶרֶךְ רְחוֹקָה, לוֹקְחִין בְּיָדָם מְזוֹנוֹת.
שֶׁעַל מַהֲלַךְ לַיְלָה וָיוֹם
מְחַלְּלִין אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת וְיוֹצְאִין לְעֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ
שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֵלֶּה מוֹעֲדֵי ה׳… אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְאוּ אֹתָם בְּמוֹעֲדָם:

**English Edition; Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2019:**
9 One who sees the new moon but cannot walk,
he is taken on a donkey,
or even on his bed.
If there is danger they take sticks,
and if the way is long, they take food,
because for a distance a night and a day in length,
one breaks Shabbat and goes
to bear witness to the moon,
as it is said: “These are the appointed times of the LORD…
which you shall announce in their due seasons.”