ANTIGONOS OF SOCHO RECEIVED THE TRADITION FROM SIMON THE JUST. HE USED TO SAY: BE NOT [20b] LIKE SERVANTS WHO SERVE THE MASTER FOR THE SAKE OF RECEIVING A REWARD,¹ BUT BE LIKE SERVANTS WHO SERVE THE MASTER WITHOUT THE EXPECTATION OF RECEIVING A REWARD; AND LET THE FEAR OF HEAVEN BE UPON YOU, in order that your reward may be double in the world to come.²

footnotes: ¹ Or, ‘gratuity’; so Maimonides ad loc. ² The last clause, ‘in order … to come’, is not found in the statement of Antigonos as reported in Aboth 1:3 (Sonc. ed., p. 3), and apparently did not form part of the original teaching. It actually contradicts the doctrine of disinterested service. Moreover, if these words formed part of the teaching, there would be no foundation for the arguments of the disciples stated in the following paragraph.

Antigonos of Socho had two disciples³ who repeated this doctrine to their disciples and their disciples to their disciples. They rose up and examined the matter, saying, ‘Why did our predecessors say this? Is it right for a labourer to toil all day and not receive his reward in the evening? Had our predecessors known that there was another world and that there would be the resurrection of the dead they surely would not have taught thus!’ So they arose and turned away from the Torah. Two sects sprang from them: the Sadducees and the Boeth-usians,⁴, p. 80 and p. 663, n. 20.] the Sadducees named after Zadok and the Boethusians after Boethus. All their lives they used vessels of silver and gold, but not⁵, vol. LVII, pp. 35-37. because they were arrogant in mind. The Sadducees said that it was a tradition of the Pharisees to subject themselves to austerity in this world,⁶ and in the world to come they possess nothing at all.

footnotes: ³ Zadok and Boethus mentioned below. ⁴ For the historical origin and doctrines of these two sects, cf. J.E. under their respective headings. [On this passage, cf. Finkelstein, The Pharisees ⁵ GRA omits ‘not’; the text is uncertain. For a recent interpretation of this passage, cf. Finkelstein, Journal of Biblical Literature ⁶ [Cf. Josephus, Antiquities XVIII, i, 3, ‘The Pharisees live simply, and despise delicacies’.]