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Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin Chapter 6

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הָאוֹמֵר הִתְקַבֵּל. אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר יַחֲזֹר. דְּגֵט חוֹב הוּא לָהּ, וְאֵין חָבִין לְאָדָם שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

האומר: התקבל – אם רצה לחזור יחזור – for the Jewish bill of divorce is debt that he has towards her (acting in behalf of a person to the latter’s disadvantage), and we do not do something that will do harm to a person without the other’s knowledge (see Mishnah Eruvin, Chapter 7, Mishnah 11 and Mishnah Gittin, Chapter 1, Mishnah 6).

לֹא יַחֲזֹר. דְּכֵיוָן דְּאִיהִי שַׁוִּיתֵיהּ שָׁלִיחַ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּיָדָהּ, וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה מִיָּד בְּקַבָּלָתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

לא יחזור – for since she made him equivalent as her agent, behold he is like her hand and and is divorced immediately when he receives from this one [i.e., the husband].

אַף הָאוֹמֶרֶת טֹל לִי גִטִּי. לְשׁוֹן קַבָּלָה הוּא. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אף האומרת טול לי גיטי – this is the language of reception. And the Halakha is according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.

צְרִיכָה. לְהָבִיא לְפָנֵינוּ שְׁתֵּי כִתֵּי עֵדִים:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

צריכה – to bring before us two sets of witnesses

שְׁנַיִם שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ בְּפָנֵינוּ אָמָרָה. לוֹ לְקַבְּלוֹ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

שנים שיאמרו בפנינו אמרה – to him [i.e., the husband] to receive it [i.e., the Jewish bill of divorce].

וּשְׁנַיִם שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ בְּפָנֵינוּ קִבֵּל וְקָרָע. וּבִשְׁעַת הַשְּׁמָד שָׁנוּ, שֶׁגָּזְרוּ עַל הַמִּצְוֹת וְהָיוּ קוֹרְעִים הַגֵּט מִיָּד, שֶׁלֹּא יֵרָאֶה:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ושנים שיאמרו בפנינו קבל וקרע – And this was taught during the time of religious persecution, where they decreed against [the observance of] the commandments and they would immediately tear the Jewish bill of divorce, so that they should it should not be seen.

וַאֲפִלּוּ הֵן כוּ'. שֶׁהַשְּׁנַיִם שֶׁאָמְרָה בִפְנֵיהֶם הֵם עַצְמָם רָאוּ כְּשֶׁקִּבְּלוּ:

אוֹ אַחַד מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאַחַד מִן הָאַחֲרוֹנִים וְאֶחָד. שְׁלִישִׁי, שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה עֵד בְּזוֹ וּבְזוֹ, מִצְטָרֵף עִמָּהֶם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

או אחד מן הראשונים ואחד מן האחרונים ואחד – a third [individual] who was made a witness with this group and the other group, who joins with them.

הִיא וְאָבִיהָ. אוֹ הִיא אוֹ אָבִיהָ. הִיא יֵשׁ לָהּ יָד דְּהָא גְדוֹלָה הִיא. וְאָבִיהָ נַמִּי זַכַּאי לְקַבְּלוֹ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

היא ואביה – either she [i.e., the betrothed maiden, between the ages of twelve and twelve-and-one-half] or her father, for she has “a hand,” because she is considered an adult, and her father also has authority to receive it.

אֵינָהּ מִתְגָּרֶשֶׁת. וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּקַבָּלַת אָבִיהָ, דִּכְתִיב (דברים כד) וְשִׁלְּחָהּ מִבֵּיתוֹ, מִי שֶׁמְּשַׁלְּחָהּ וְאֵינָהּ חוֹזֶרֶת, יָצְאָה זוֹ שֶׁמְּשַׁלְּחָהּ וְחוֹזֶרֶת:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אינה מתגרשת – and even with her father receiving it [i.e., the Jewish bill of divorce], as it is written (Deuteronomy 24:1): “…and sends her away from his house,” [which describes] someone who sends her away but she does not return, excluding [a case] where he sends her away but she returns.

בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר פָּסוּל. שֶׁהַבַּעַל מַקְפִּיד, שֶׁאֵין רְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁיַּלְעִיזוּ עָלָיו שָׁם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

במקום אחר פסול – for the husband is strict that it is not his desire that they should cast suspicion upon him there.

הֲרֵי הִיא בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי. אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא כְּמַרְאֵה מָקוֹם, שָׁם תִּמְצָאֶנָּהּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הרי היא במקום פלומי – he [i.e., the husband] is doing nothing more than showing him the place, for there she can be found.

וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר. דְּסָבַר אִיהוּ דְמִדַּעְתֵּיהּ מְגָרֵשׁ אִיכָּא קְפֵידָא, אִיהִי דִבְעַל כָּרְחָהּ מִתְגָּרֶשֶׁת מַרְאָה מָקוֹם הִיא לוֹ. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

רבי אליעזר מכשיר – for he holds that he [i.e., the husband] is divorcing [her] of his own free will, there is an intimation that you care for a thing to be exactly as you want it, for she is divorced against her will, and she is merely showing him the place. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.

הָבֵא לִי גִטִּי אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה. אִם אֵשֶׁת כֹּהֵן הִיא, עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ גֵּט לְיָדָהּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הבא לי גטי אוכלת בתרומה – if she is the wife of a Kohen, until the Jewish bill of divorce reaches her hand.

לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם. שֶׁכָּךְ אָמְרָה לוֹ לֹא תְהֵא שְׁלוּחִי אֶלָּא שָׁם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

לאותו מקום – since she said to him (i.e., the agent): you will not be my agent other than “there.”

וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר מִיָּד. מִשֶּׁפָּרַשׁ מֵאֶצְלָהּ. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר לְטַעֲמֵיהּ דְּמַכְשִׁיר כְּשֶׁקִּבְּלוֹ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, דְּמַרְאָה מָקוֹם הִיא לוֹ וּמִשְּׁעַת קַבָּלָה אִגָּרְשָׁה לָהּ, לְפִיכָךְ מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁפָּרַשׁ מִלְּפָנֶיהָ אֲסוּרָה, שֶׁמָּא מְצָאוֹ חוּץ לָעִיר וְקִבְּלוֹ הֵימֶנּוּ. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ורבי אליעזר אוסר מיד – from when he separated from her. And Rabbi Eliezer, according to his reasoning, who validates [the Jewish bill of divorce] when it is received in a different placer, for he she is merely showing him the place, and from the time that he [i.e., the agent] receives it, she will be divorced from him. Therefore, from the moment that he separated from her presence, she is prohibited [from consuming the heave-offering/sanctified food of the Kohen] lest the husband find the agent outside the city and he receives it [i.e., the Jewish bill of divorce] from him. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.

כִּתְבוּ אִגֶּרֶת וְכוּ'. שֶׁהַגֵּט קָרוּי אִגֶּרֶת, שֶׁכָּךְ כָּתוּב בּוֹ וְאִגֶּרֶת שְׁבוּקִין:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

כתבו אגרת וכו' – For the Jewish bill of divorce is called a “letter” since [the words] “a letter of divorce” in it [i.e., the Jewish bill of divorce].

פִּטְרוּהָ לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. דִּלְמָא לְשׁוֹן פְּטוּר וְחוֹבָה קָאָמַר, לְהָקֵל מֵעָלֶיהָ חוֹבוֹת שֶׁחַיֶּבֶת:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

פטרוה לא אמר כלום – perhaps the language of “exempt” and “liable” is being said, to lighten from her the obligations that she is liable for.

פַּרְנְסוּהָ. לְשׁוֹן עֲשִׂיַּת צְרָכֶיהָ כְּמוֹ מוֹצִיאִים לַפַּרְנָסָה וְכוּ'. הִלְכָּךְ לֹא יָדְעִינַן אִי צָרְכֵי הַגֵּט הוּא, שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא זְקוּקָה לְיָבָם, אִי צָרְכֵי מַלְבּוּשׁ וּכְסוּת הוּא:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

פרנסוה – the language of performing her needs, such as taking out for [the purposes] of [providing] sustenance etc. Therefore, we do not know if these are the needs of the Jewish bill of divorce, that she will not be dependent upon/tied to leviratical marriage (i.e., she cannot marry otherwise until released from him), or [the document is speaking of] the needs of clothing and covering.

כַּנִּמּוֹס. כַּחֹק. לֹא יָדְעִינַן אִי חֹק גֵּט אִי חֹק מָזוֹן וּכְסוּת. וְכֵן כָּרָאוּי:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

כנימוס – according to law, and we do not know if it is the Jewish law of divorce or the law of [provision of] food and clothing, and similarly as appropriate.

הַיּוֹצֵא בְקוֹלָר. לֵהָרֵג בְּדִין הַמַּלְכוּת:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

היוצא בקולר – to be killed as per the law of the kingdom.

וְאָמַר כִּתְבוּ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר תְּנוּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ואמר כתבו – even though he did not say, “give it” [to my wife].

יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. דְּאַגַּב פַּחְדֵּיהּ טָרֵיד וְלֹא פָרֵישׁ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

יכתבו ויתנו – for on account of his fear, he was troubled and did not expound [on his intentions].

הַמְפָרֵשׁ. לַיָּם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

המפרש – on the sea

וְהַיּוֹצֵא בִשְׁיָרָא. לַמִּדְבָּרִיּוֹת:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

והיוצא בשיירא – to the deserts

הַמְּסֻכָּן. חוֹלֶה. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

המסוכן – the infirm, and Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon Shezuri

וְאָמַר כָּל הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ אֶת קוֹלוֹ. וּפֵרֵשׁ שְׁמוֹ וְשֵׁם עִירוֹ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ואמר: כל השומע את קולו – and he mentioned his name and the name of his city

רָצָה לְשַׂחֶק בָּהּ. הוֹאִיל וְלֹא אָמַר תְּנוּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

רצה לשחק בה – for since he did not say, “give it”

מַעֲשֶׂה בְּבָרִיא. מְפָרֵשׁ בַּגְּמָרָא דַּחֲסוּרֵי מִחַסְּרָא וְהָכִי קָתָנֵי, וְאִם הוֹכִיחַ סוֹפוֹ עַל תְּחִלָּתוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט, וּמַעֲשֶׂה נַמִּי בְּבָרִיא וְכוּ'. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

מעשה בבריא – The Gemara explains that the Mishnah is deficient and this is how it should be explained: And if his end result is evidence of his [thinking at the] beginning, then it is surely a Jewish bill of divorce. And there is a story also about a healthy individual. And the Halakha is according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.

אָמַר לִשְׁנַיִם תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי. אַף עַל גַּב דְּלֹא אָמַר כִּתְבוּ וּתְנוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ בְּעַצְמָן. וְלֹא יֹאמְרוּ לְסוֹפֵר אַחֵר שֶׁיִּכְתֹּב, וְלֹא לְעֵדִים לַחְתֹּם, דְּלָאו בֵּית דִּין שַׁוִּינְהוּ לְצַוּוֹת עַל אֲחֵרִים אֶלָּא עֵדִים שַׁוִּינְהוּ, וְהֵן הֵן שְׁלוּחָיו הֵן הֵן עֵדָיו. וְאִם אָמַר לִשְׁלֹשָׁה כִּתְבוּ וּתְנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן רְאוּיִין לֵעָשׂוֹת בֵּית דִּין, כֵּיוָן דִּבְהֶדְיָא אָמַר לְהוּ כִּתְבוּ, לָאו בֵּית דִּין שַׁוִּינְהוּ אֶלָּא עֵדִים:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אמר לשנים תנו גט לאשתי – even though he did not say, “write and give,” they should write [it] on their own, and not tell another scribe that he should write it, nor for witnesses to attest it with their signatures, for the Jewish court did consider that they should command others, but rather [only] on the witnesses, “these are the agents,” “these are the witnesses,.” But if he [i.e., the husband] said to three [individuals]: write and give a Jewish bill of divorce to my wife,” even though they are worthy to serve as a Jewish court, since in public, he said to them, “write,” he did not compare them to a Jewish court, but rather only as witnesses.

אָמַר לִשְׁלֹשָׁה תְּנוּ. וְלֹא אָמַר כִּתְבוּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אמר לג' תנו – but did not say, “write”

הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאמְרוּ. לְעֵדִים אֲחֵרִים, לִכְתֹּב וְלַחְתֹּם וְלִתֵּן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן בֵּית דִּין:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הרי אלו יאמרו – to other witnesses to write, affix their signatures nad give it, because they were made into a Jewish court.

מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִים. מִשְּׁמוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא שֶׁהָיָה חָבוּשׁ בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִים:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

בבית האסורים – in the name of Rabbi Akiba who was imprisoned.

נוּמֵינוּ לַשָּׁלִיחַ. אָמַרְנוּ לְרַבִּי חֲנִינָא שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה שָׁלִיחַ בַּהֲלָכָה זוֹ לְאָמְרָהּ בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

נומינו לשליח – We said to Rabbi Hanina that we should appoint an agent with regard to this Halakha and to mention it in the Bet Midrash/academy.

יִלְמְדוּ. אִם אֵינָם יוֹדְעִים לִכְתֹּב. יִלְמְדוּ לִכְתֹּב עַד שֶׁיִּכְתְּבוּהוּ הֵן בְּעַצְמָן:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ילמדו – if they do not know how to write [a Jewish bill of divorce], they should learn to write until they can write them on their own.

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