אלו כלים. כלי גללים – of the dung of cattle.

כלי אבנים וכלי אדמה – for all of these they lack defilement whether from the words of the Torah or from the words of the Scribes/סופרים, and therefore they protect/save [from defilement in the airspace of a tent with a corpse] with an airtight lid. But even though that every open vessel (see Numbers 19:15), Scripture is speaking of an earthenware vessel, in a vessel that the defilement precedes its opening that is an earthenware vessel that becomes defiled from its airspace, nevertheless, we include the rest of the utensils that protect/save, as it is written (Numbers 19:15): "וכל כלי פתוח"/”And every open vessel, [with no lid fastened down, shall be impure].”

ועצמות הדג – if he made a vessel/utensil from the bones of creatures that are in the sea, they save/protect. Since they are not susceptible to receive defilement, as it is taught in the Mishnah of [Tractate Kelim] Chapter 17 [Mishnah 13]: “Everything that is in the sea is pure”/כל שבים טהור. And vessels [made] from the bones of fowl are pure, as it is written (Numbers 31:20): “[You shall also purify every cloth, every article of skin,] everything made of goats’ hair/וכל מעשה עזים, [and every object of wood],” excluding fowl.

כלי עץ הטהורים – as for example large vessels that come in a measure that contains forty Seah in liquid measure which is equal to two KOR in dry measure (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 15, Mishnah 1), that are not susceptible to receive defilement, for we require something similar to a sackcloth that can be carried full and/or empty, and since they are so large, they are not carried full, and they protect/save with an airtight lid.

מפיהן – that the airtight lid is in their mouth/at their opening.

מצדיהן – if they were perforated at their sides and were surrounded with an airtight lid.

ר' אליעזר מטמא – for he holds that something that is turned upside down does not save/protect, and even it was smoothed into an even pile below the ground, as it states (Numbers 19:15): “[with no] lid fastened down,” and with no airtight lid on top of it. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.

על הכל מצילין – all of these utensils that are taught in our Mishnah, they save/protect on everything that is within them, whether there were in them vessels only requiring rinsing in order to be restored to Levitical cleanness or whether earthenware vessels or whether clothes or whether foods or liquids.

חוץ מכלי חרס – that they don’t protect/save other than on foods and liquids and earthenware vessels that are within them, things that have no purification in a Mikveh/ritual bath, and not on metal utensils and clothing, which have purification in a Mikveh. And the reason I explained in the chapter above (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 9, Mishnah 2). But this Mishnah is after the School of Hillel retracted to teach according to the words of the School of Shammai.

במה מקיפים – with what do they stop up the mouth of a vessel or seal up the covering upon the mouth of the vessel that it be considered an airtight lid?

גפסים (gypsum) – is a kind of plaster/lime, but it is more white than plaster and is burned in an oven like the plaster.

חרסית (potter’s clay/clay-ground) – the crushing/pounding of potter’s clay and they knead it in water.

בעץ (tin) – it is making a separation/partition, that which separates. We translate it in Aramaic as that which is tin. And the Aramaic translation in the Jerusalem Talmud is בעצא – tin.

שהוא פתיל ואינו צמיד (because it is a covering [i.e., the neck of the vessel] but it is not airtight [i.e., the lid]) – meaning to say that it is a covering, but it is not attached and glued well to the mouth of the vessel.

לא בדבילה שמינה ולא בבצק שנלוש במי פירות – even though they protect/save for they were not susceptible to receive defilement, nevertheless they don’t stop them up with them, as a decree lest they become susceptible that liquids fall upon them that make them susceptible , for nothing that is impure can protect/save.

ואם הקיף – and water does not come upon them or one of the liquids that make them susceptible [for Levitical uncleanness], they save/protect.

המחלחלת (the stopper of a jar/keg which can be moved round, without, however, falling out of itself) – that moves about in different directions and shakes, the language of (Esther 4:4): “the queen was greatly agitated.”

רבי יהודה אומר מצלת – that he considers it an airtight lid, since it does not go out.

וחכמים אומרים אינה מצלת – for since it moves in different directions/shakes , it is not an airtight lid. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

היה בית אצבע (if its finger hold/stall) – of the stopper was sunk and entered into the jug, it is considered that the unclean insect that is within it is as if it is within the jug. And the finger-hold is the place from the stopper that a person places his finger into it.

אוכלים שבתוכה – that are within the finger-hold/stall that sunk and entered into the jar.

טמאים – for the stopper of the jar is like the jar itself.

הכדור – in the foreign tongue PALUTA.

הפקעת של גמי (coil of rope made of reed grass) – moist [and] long that they wrap it one with the other and make it round like coils of weaving (in the longitudinal direction/warp). GLUMURSH in the foreign language.

עד שימרח (until he plasters) – from below the ball or of the coil and above, in order that it would cover anything, because it is hollow.

וכן מטלית של בגד (and similarly a patch of cloth/woven stuff) – for all of these are hollow, and all of them do not protect other than when they don’t have the measure to receive defilement.

וקשרה במשיחה (and tied it with a cord) – with a thin thread like they do when they cover the mouth of the skin/leather bottle in a cloth or in a piece of paper when they tie it, and added on to the tie requires also plastering from the sides.

חבית שנתקלפה (an earthen jug which is peeled off – crumbled away – the pitch lining standing by itself) – a jug that is lined with pitch from the inside and the earthenware was taken from it from the outside and the pitch stands opposite it from the inside.

קבותים (pots of pickle which are lined with pitch up to the rim – so that the lid does not touch the body of the vessel itself) – cans of earthenware in which they place in them brine/pickle [containing fish-hash] are called קבותים/pots of pickle [lined with pitch up to the rim].

שגפסן (that they paste them [with gypsum to make them airtight]) – that he covers them with a a kind of plaster that they call plaster that they call גפסים/gypsum as is taught in the Mishnah above that they the surround it.

עם השפה – below from the lip of the vessel, that is found that airtight lid from the inside and the lip is revealed from the outside.

ר' יהודה אומר אין מצילין – for he holds that that it is written (Numbers 19:15): “a lid fastened down”/"צמיד פתיל עליו", but not a lid fastened from within. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

וסתמוה שמרים הצילוה (and the wine-lees have stopped up) – the anonymous teaching is like the [teaching of] the Sages that there is an airtight lid from the inside.

עד שימרח – around the vine-shoot from the sides. But on the vine-shoot itself, it doesn’t require plastering.

נסר (boards) – it is plain, flat pieces of wood.

סינים – that he placed between each board thin husks of clay.

או בשגמין (or with hinges/joints) – thin husks of joints/hinges (Maimonides says with bamboo). But those shells/peelings he placed between each board in order to attach them.

תנור ישן – that was heated in order to bake in it cakes made of spongy dough (i.e., a sort of crackers) that this is its completion of work to be considered a vessel susceptible to receive ritual impurity.

חדש – that was not heated and is not susceptible to receive ritual impurity.

וסרידא על פי הישן (and a colander is over the mouth of the old) – but it is not spread with plaster, and there is no airtight lid here.

ניטל הישן וסרידא נופלת – that it is not adjoined on the mouth of the new oven.

הכל טמא – for the old (i.e., oven) one that the colander is upon is considered a vessel and it does not protect other than with an airtight lid, and behold, there isn’t an airtight lid here. But the new (i.e., oven) one that is not a vessel would interpose in the face of the defilement because of the tent if the colander was adjoined upon it, for all that protects/saves because of a tent formed does not require an airtight lid. But at the time when the colander is not adjoined upon it, there isn’t a tent here, therefore everything is impure.

אם אין בין חדש לסדירא פותח טפח – if it is not one handbreadth high between the covering that is on the old (i.e., oven) one to the mouth of the new oven, the covering that is upon the old one is considered as if it is in the mouth of he news, and the new becomes a tent which protrudes before the defilement and all that is within it is ritually pure (see also Tractate Ohalot, Chapter 3, Mishnah 7 and Chapter 12, Mishnah1).

לפסין (tightly covered pot/stew-pot) – like אלפסין/tightly covered pots. Large iron pans – that they cook in them.

ושפתותיהן שוות – that one rim from them is no higher than its neighbor.

בעליונה – this is the inner one for the outer one is underneath it.

היא טמאה – if the unclean reptile/insect is in the upper [saucepan], foods that are in the lower one are clean/pure, for the All-Merciful stated (Leviticus 11:33): “And if any of those falls into an earthen vessel/כל אשר יפול אל תוכו” and not "אל תוך תוכו"/within that which it is into, but the unclean insect/reptile that is in the upper [saucepan] is within that which it is into – of the lower [saucepan]. But if the unclean insect in the lower [saucepan], the foods that are in the upper [saucepan] are not are not made impure, for the All-Merciful stated (Leviticus 11:33): "כל אשר בתוכו/everything inside it [shall be impure and -the vessel -itself you shall break],” but not that which is within it.

היו בכונס משקה ([if] they were [so damaged] that liquids could penetrate) – meaning to say, perforated so that liquids could penetrate that is, in order [to preserve] their ritual purity, for tightly covered pots are made for liquids and food-stuff, and we place upon them for stringency when liquids penetrate.

השרץ בעליונה – that is, the inner [saucepan].

כולן טמאות – for we see the unclean insect as if it is each one [of the pans], since they are perforated where the liquids penetrate.

בתחתונה – which is the outer [saucepan].

היא טמאה וכולן טהורות – for the defilement does not enter through its rims. But however, if there were food and liquids in the inner [saucepan], they were defiled, since the incision was not plastered over as is it is proven above in Chapter 8 [Mishnah 2]. And this is the reason, because he made a perforation in order [to preserve] its ritual purity, it is considered like the airspace of the outer vessel, and food-stuffs and liquids are made ritually impure from the airspace of an earthenware vessel, and neither people nor vessels are defiled from the airspace of earthenware vessels.

השרץ בעליונה – now we are speaking about complete stew-pots.

היא והתחתנה טמאה – since it is like as if it is placed within it since it (i.e., the bottom saucepan) exceeds [the others in height], but the middle one is ritually pure, for a utensil does not become defiled through the airspace of an earthenware vessel.

כל שיש בו משקה טופח טמא (each one in which here is moist liquid is unclean) – the moist liquid that is within the middle vessel is defiled from the airspace of the earthenware vessel, and the liquid returned and defiled the utensils. For the Rabbis decreed on liquids that it would defile a utensil, as a decree because of the liquid of a man with gonorrhea and a woman with a flux . And the same law applies where one is able to inform us of this novel [concept] of moist liquid in the first clause [of the Mishnah] that the unclean insect in the upper and lower [saucepans] exceeds [the others] and there is moist liquid in the middle [pan].