התנור שחצצו (the oven that was divided [by hangings/boards]) – that he made a partition in its mid-section and divided it until above from its top-most layer.

הכל טמא – even foods that are in the second side of the partition.

כוורת פחותה ופקוקה בקש (a defective bee-hive, which was repaired with stuffing of straw) – for this purpose, it (i.e., the Mishnah) took [the term] פחותה/defective, for it is not a vessel, for if were complete/full it would protect over the foods that are within it, for even a vessel that drips protects/saves, but here not it is not a vessel, it is a mere partition, and [the term] פקוקה בקש/stopped up with stuffing of straw – is taken [by the Mishnah] to add something new, for even though its defectiveness is stuffed with straw, it is not a vessel, and doesn’t protect the foods that are within it.

ומשולשת – hanging.

אם הצילה במת החמור – for a defective bee-hive that is repaired with the stuffing of straw divides in the face of defilement that is in the tent of a corpse, but even though its defilement is more grave than the defilement to a person or to vessels for a seven day defilement [period].

לא תציל בכלי חרס הקל – which does not defile other than foods and liquids.

שכן חולקים אהלים – for it is the manner for people to divide tents with partitions; therefore, the bee-hive is like a partition that saves/protects the tent of a corpse from defilement.

שאין חולקים כלי חרס – for there is no way to divide an earthenware vessel with a partition. Another explanation and essential: that we do divide tents for the dividing of tents with a partition has effect, for it is taught in the Mishnah in the Tractate Ohalot, in the Chapter סגוס עבה/A Thick Cloak (Chapter 15, Mishnah 4): “A house that was divided with boards or curtains, from the sides or from the roof beams – uncleanness is in the house; utensils that are within the partitioned-off area are clean.” But the division of the partition has no effect with earthenware vessels, for it is taught [in the Mishnah] regarding an oven here that was divided with boards or curtains, if an unclean reptile is found in one part, everything is impure. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.

היתה שלימה – the bee-hive.

התנור טהור – as it is written (Leviticus 11:33): “And if any of those (i.e., any article of wood, or a cloth or a skin, or a sack) falls into an earthen vessel, [everything inside it shall be impure and – the vessel – itself you shall break],” but not אל תוך תוכו/to what is inside of it [already], and we are speaking of when its mouth/topmost layer is above from the oven, for if all of it is sunk in the oven, it is like one thing within it.

אוכלים שתוכה טהורין – as it is written (Leviticus 11:33): “everything inside it shall be impure,” and not שבתוך תוכו/what is already inside it.

ניקבו – the perforation that purifies them from their impurities, furthermore they no longer have the status of a vessel and they don’t divide/separate whether it is an oven or whether what is inside of it, and how much is the perforation that purifies them from their defilements.

העשוי לאוכלים – its measurement is like bringing forth/removing olives.

העשוי לכך ולכך – for food and liquids.

מטילין אותו לחומרו (they subject it to its more stringent [measure]) – but if he made the incision according to the measurement of liquids which is less than the measurement that is made for foods, he further is not able to save it because of the defilement.

בכונס משקה (with the capacity to admit liquid) – when they place the vessel from the side of the perforation, the water enters through the perforation into the vessel, and it is larger than that which liquid leaves/is removed.

סרידא (stuffed matting used for stoppers of stones, bag) – a kind of small kneading trough that the baker uses to knead in it and it lacks a receptacle. But Maimonides states that it is a board of perforated earthenware thar is made like a kind of net-work/mat, a netting, which we translate in Aramaic as עובד סרדתא/a person who works in netting.

גפיים – rims and handles.

שאין מצילים מיד כלי חרס (do not save from the power of earthenware vessels/utensils – lacking an inner part) – from being susceptible to defilement from the airspace of an earthenware vessel.

אלא כלים – and this, for since it does not have handles, it is not considered a vessel.

נחושתו של תנור (from the copper rim of the stove) – its bottom and lowest point. And similar to it is found in Ezekiel (16:36): “Because of your brazen effrontery/יען השפך נחשתך, [offering your nakedness to your lovers for harlotry – just like the blood of your children, which you gave to all your abominable fetishes].”

החבית והמשקין טהורים – that they did not enter into its (i.e., the unclean reptile’s) airspace, for they stand below the copper rim of the stove, and even if the jar is open and enters from the airspace of the oven at its mouth, the wine is not defiled through this, for the airspace of an earthenware vessel does not defile neither above nor below other than within.

היתה כפויה – the jug [was turned upside down] on its lip and placed on the lip of the oven which has an unclean reptile in it, and on the rim of the jar the moisture of wine that is in it, moist enough in order to moisten other objects, this moisture is not defiled on account of the airspace of the oven that enters into the jar, because the moisture of the wine was not within the oven.

הקדרה טהורה – and it is case where the unclean reptile did not see the airspace of the pot when it fell into the oven.

נטמא – the liquid [is defiled if dripping liquid was in the pot] and it returned and defiled the pot, according to the law that all liquids are impure when they defile vessels.

מטמאיך לא טמאוני (those things which made you unclean did not make me unclean) – the pot says to the liquids, the airspace of the earthenware vessel that you received the defilement from it did not defile me, for an earthenware vessel becomes defiled from the airspace of an earthenware vessel.

ואתה טמאתני – that he pot was defiled on account of the impure liquids.

ונפל אויר התנור טהור – all the time that the chicken is alive, the defilement was absorbed and does not defile.

ואם מת טמא – and it (i.e., the unclean reptile/insect) did not tarry in order to be consumed from the time it was swallowed until it (i.e., the chicken) died. And the measurement in order for it to be consumed (i.e., fully digested) in fowl, is from the time of twenty-four astronomical hours.

הפת שבתוכו שניה – that we don’t view the oven like one that is filled with defilement and it is as if the unclean reptile came in contact with the bread, but rather, the oven is first degree, for the unclean reptile is a primary source of ritual defilement fell into inside and made it first-degree of ritual impurity. And the oven which is first degree, in turn, defiled the bread and made it second-degree of ritual impurity.

בית שאור המוקף צמיד פתיל (a clay leaven pot with an airtight lid) – we ae dealing with an earthenware vessel, that saves in the airspace of the oven with an airtight lid in the manner that it saves in the tent of a corpse (as only the space within an earthenware vessel can contract ritual impurity – and everything within it remains ritually pure), as it is written (Leviticus 11:34): “As to any food that may be eaten, [it shall become impure if it came in contact with water; as to any liquid that may be drunk, it shall become impure if it was inside any vessel,” but not all of the food, excluding that which is surrounded with an airtight lid on an earthenware vessel and placed inside the oven that does not become defiled from the airspace of the oven. But a vessel that requires only rinsing to be restored to Levitical cleanness (see Tractate Hullin 25a; Tractate Zevakhim 3b) does not save with an airtight lid on the foods that are within it, as this is taught in the Halakhic Midrash (Sifra) to the Book of Leviticus, [All] the food, including that which is surrounded by an airtight lid with a vessel that requires only rinsing to be restored to Levitical cleanness and placed within the oven, that it does not save it from the hand of an earthenware vessel [and makes it impure].

השאור והשרץ בתוכו והקרץ בינתים – as for example, that this vessel has two receptacles, and the partition that divides between receptacle and its fellow is called a קרץ/[squeezed-in] partition; it is the language of (Job 33:6): "מחמר קרצתי גם-אני"/[You and I are the same before God;] I too was nipped from clay,” and the partition reaches until its rim, and the leaven from one side and the unclean reptile/insect from the other and the partition is the divider that separates between them, but if the entire vessel is surrounded with an airtight lid, that it is found that the leaven and the unclean insect are surrounded by an airtight lid.

התנור טמא – on account of the unclean insect/reptile that is within the airtight lid. For the airtight lid saves/protects those pure things that are within from becoming susceptible to receiving ritual impurity, but it doesn’t save those unclean things found within from defiling other things.

והשאור טהור – for it is surrounded by an airtight lid by itself.

ואם היה שם פותח טפח – that the partition that was between the leaven and an olive’s bulk from a corpse was beached with an opening of a square handbreadth [in length, breadth and height].

הכל טמא – that a handbreadth by a handbreadth that is open brings in the defilement.

בעין של תנור – it is a hole similar to an eye that one makes in the oven to remove the smoke, and when they bring the bread into the oven, they stop up/close it so that they heat does not escape, and it is not considered as the inside of the oven.

אם היה באויר – in an uncovered place that was not underneath the tent, even an olive’s bulk from the corpse is placed in the eye/vent/outlet, the oven is ritually pure, for the defilement does not enter into it since the eye/outlet/vent is not open a [square] handbreadth [in length, breadth and height].

ואם יש בו פותח טפח – that the thickness of the rim of the outer eye/vent protrudes and overshadows on an olive’s bulk from the corpse by a square handbreadth.

הכל טמא – the eye/vent/outlet and the oven [are impure] for a square handbreadth of the tent brings in the defilement.

נמצא מקום הנחת העצים – the insect/unclean reptile is found in the place where they place in it the fire and the wood/logs in the portable stove with caves for two pots/כירה, and it is the place which they throw from it the fire from the lowest point of the hearth.

מן השפה החיצונים ולפנים טמא – that the thickness of the walls of the portable stove with caves for two pots is considered as it is inside and as if it is within the double stove.

וחכמים אומרים – the thickness of the walls of the portable stove with caves for two pots is not considered other than like the outside, and it is not like the inside of the portable stove with caves for two pots. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

מכנגד שפיתת הקדרה (from the place where the pot is placed and inside – towards the fire) – from the place where one begins to close up the airspace of the portable stove with caves for two pots.

נמצא – the insect/unclean reptile.

מקום ישיבת הבלן – in the place where the person who heats up the water for the bathhouse (i.e., the bathhouse attendant).

אין טמא אלא מן הסתימה ולפנים – from the stopped-up part of the pot which has water in it or the dyer or the olive seethers. But in the Tosefta (Tractate Kelim Bava Kamma 6:15) it is proven that it is not impure other than from the stopped-up part and inside, as it states here, that is, when the insect/impure reptile is suspended in the airspace but doesn’t make contact, but with the defilement of contact, it defiles, even from the stopped-up part and outwards.

בור שיש בו בית שפיתה (a smelting pot which has a bottom or foot on which it can rest – a hole in the ground with an arrangement for putting a pot over fire) – a person who digs in the ground and plasters over the spot over with clay/mud and the plaster can stand (or form a vessel) on its own, such as the oven the son of Dinai, as is taught in the Mishnah above in the chapter “A Baking Oven, its Beginning/"תנור תחלתו" (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 5, Mishnah 10 at the conclusion- who, according to Bartenura, states that he was a robber and would bake his bread in an oven like this and make these kinds of ovens, or a place where trials took place frequently; see also Tractate Sotah, Chapter 9, Mishnah 9, where this name also appears). But there are those who have the reading of כור/smelting pot with the letter כ'/Kaf (and not the ב'./Bet – as found in our editions of the Mishnah) – and it is a utensil/vessel in which they smelt in it gold and the silver and metals, he language of an iron furnace/כור ברזל. But to me, it appears that it is an oven of a blacksmith.

פורנה (a stationary large baking oven) – a large earthenware oven and its opening is at its side like our eye. But it is pure, because it is used with the ground, as is taught in the Tosefta (Tractate Kelim Bava Kamma, Chapter 6, Halakha 17).

לזבז – a thick rim.

אסטגיות (rims, moldings around a stove) – perforations similar to those that they make for ovens.

שפיות – a thin rim. But the Halakha is according to the first Tanna/teacher. But my Rabbis explained that a לזבז/thick rim and אסאגיות/rims, moldings around a stove and שפיות/thin rims are all one [thing]. But they do not disagree other than that each one was different according to the language that he heard from his master, and a person is obligated to state [something] according to the language of his teacher (see also Tractate Eduyot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 3).

מגע טמא מת – a person who came in contact with something defiled by the dead and becomes first [degree of ritual impurity], that the person defiled through contact with the dead is a primary source of ritual impurity and makes the individual who has contact first [degree of ritual impurity], and liquids and foods that are in his mouth defile the oven when they entered into its airspace. But even though he himself does not defile them, for a vessel does not become susceptible to receive ritual impurity other than from a primary source of ritual impurity. Behold this person states: “what rendered you unclean did not defile me, but you defiled me,”(see also Tractate Kelim 8:4)) as it is taught in the Mishnah in Tractate Parah ]Chapter 8, Mishnayot 2-7], that the Rabbis decreed regarding liquids that they would defile vessels, as a degree because the משקה זב וזבהliquid of a person with gonorrhea/זב and woman suffering from a flux/זבה as was stated in the Tractate Shabbat (which I could not locate. But using the Bar Ilan Responsa Project 25 plus, I was able to locate one mention of a passage with the words"משקה זב וזבה"are found only in Tractate Bekhorot 38a. I stand to be corrected). But the [word] “foods” that is taken here, it (i.e., the Mishnah) refers to it just by the way, without specific reason, for food does not defile a vessel, but only liquids defile vessels. But the closing of his lips does not save [from contracting defilement] for an airtight lid does not save/protect from the defilement that is within from defiling others as is taught in the Mishnah above (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 6), and outside from the law , that which is taught in the Tosefta of Tractate Kelim [Bava Kamma, Chapter 6, Halakha 5]: “Everything affords protection from the power of a clay utensil, even a utensil made of dung or a utensil made of stones or a utensil made of dirt – except for man” (see The Tosefta, Jacob Neusner, Volume 2). Therefore, something pure that food and liquids were inside of its mouth and he brought his head into the airspace of the oven which is [ritually] impure, were defiled. But a man cannot save with an airtight lid from the earthenware vessel/utensil.

בידים מסואבות – hands which are second-degree of ritual impurity and which invalidate the heave-offering/Terumah.

הכניס ידו לתוך פיו – to take the pit that is in his mouth or everything.

ר' מאיר מטמא – the cake of ground figs. For since his hands are unclean/repulsive, the spittle was defiled to become first [degree of ritual impurity] because it is liquid, and the spittle defiled the cake of ground figs, for something that is first-degree [of ritual impurity] makes something else second in non-holy things.

ור' יהודה מטהר – he holds that all the while that the spittle did not leave from the mouth, it is not considered liquid.

ור' יוסי מטמא – that he turned over the cake of ground figs from this side to the other side within his mouth, that the spittle was uprooted. And it purifies without turning it over [in his mouth], whenever it is not uprooted, it is not considered liquid. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yossi.

האשה שנטף חלב מדדיה – and she is [ritually] impure, and the milk that drips from her breasts is like liquid that came in contact with her and became first-degree [of ritual impurity] (See also Tractate Tevul Yom, Chapter 2, Mishnah 1).

שהמשקה מטמא לרצון ושלא ברצון – but even though that the milk that drips from her breasts it was not by her intent/desire, for it is not satisfactory to her, nevertheless, the oven is defiled. But with regard to the fitness of seats we especially require that is satisfactory to him, but not to defile.

היתה גורפתו – that she was sweeping the impure oven out to remove its ashes.

והכה קוץ ויצא ממנה דם – and the blood of the wound is considered liquid.

ונתנה אצבעה תוך פיה – in the manner that those who are burned in their fingers that they place their fingers in their mouths.

נטמא – we have as a reading. Meaning to say, the oven is defiled on account of the spittle and the blood.