כל סאה שיש בה רבע – The Kab (=1/6 of a Seah or 24 egg bulks) which is one in twenty-four parts of a Seah, and the Seah is six Kabim.

ימעט - [he shall diminish/reduce] that other species that is mixed in it until the quarter [of a Kab] would be diminished and will be nullified within the Seah and he would be permitted to sow and not be prohibited because of sowing a forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants in the same field.

יבור – for since it was necessary to diminish, he removes everything, because I appears like he is establishing a forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants/diverse kinds in the same field, for since he began to sift, if he would not sift everything. But if at its outside it is less than one-quarter [of a Kab] it is permitted. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.

בין ממין אחד – whether in that ssame quarter from one species or whether from many species, he must diminish/reduce it.

לא אמרו אלא ממן אחד – for two species do not combine to the measurement of a quarter [of a Kab].

וחכמים אומרים כל שהוא כלאים לסאה – there is [a difference] between the Sages and the first Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] as for example, a Seah of barley that has in it a quarter [of a Kab] of oats and spelt, [according] to the first Tanna/teacher, one needs to diminish it; to the Sages, oe does not have to diminish it, for oats do not combine with spelt since they are not diverse kinds in the Seah of barley. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

במה דברים אמורים תבואה בתבואה – grain [is mixed] with a species of grain or pulse that we said in one-fourth of a Kab per Seah, he should diminish/reduce it, but garden seeds [which are not used for food (i.e., seeds of vegetables) that were combined/mixed with grain or pulse [combine to form an amount sufficient to prohibit the sowing of the Seah].

מעשרים וארבע בנופל – from them to the Bet Seah (i.e., 50 cubits by 50 cubits/2500 square cubits) of wheat, that is to say, according to the measure of seed that they sow from them for the place that they sow in it a Seah of wheat. And the measure of the place that they sow a Seah of wheat is fifty cubits by fifty cubits but they don’t sow in it from the seeds of a garden other than a Kab and one-half because they are thin, and a Kab and one-half from them there is sufficient to sow a place that they sow a Seah of wheat. It is found that according to this calculation, that if it was mixed in one Seah of grain or pulse or rows of plants in one bed (i.e., seeds) which are one-in twenty-four of a Kab and an a half from garden seeds which is one of sixteen in a Kab, it is necessary to diminish/reduce them. Therefore, if there was combined in a Seah of grain the volume of an egg and half of garden seeds, which is one out of twenty-four of a Kab and one-half of a Kab, he must reduce it.

כשם שאמרו להחמיר – that thin seeds prohibit in a small measurement with one in twenty-four which fall from them into a Bet Seah (i.e., 2500 square cubits), such they said to be lenient for thick seeds that require many of them to sow in a Bet Seah do not forbid in a Seah of wheat other than one in twenty-four when it falls from them into a Beth Seah, such as seed of flax that requires three Seah for a Bet Seah of wheat, there is no need to diminish it until it combines with them three-fourth [a Kab] in a Seah, which means that it is taught that the flax in the grain combines one in twenty-four when it falls into a Bet Seah, and since three Seah falls from them into a Bet Seah, and we state in the Jerusalem Talmud that it is found that there is no need to reduce it until there would combine from them three-foruths of a Kab into the Seah, and such is the Halakha.

עד שתתליע (until the seed in the ground begins to rot) – and its measure is when it stands still in the ground three days in moist soil but in dry [soil] it requires more.

ויופך – he will turn over he soil with a plow so that the seed will not sprout/grow.

כמה יהא חורש – so that you will not say that you to plow small ridges/furrows that are adjacent to each other, but rather like the furrows of [fructification from] rainfall like the furrows that people plow after the rainfall occurs when they plow the big furrows.

כדי שלא ישייר רובע לבית סאה – that there will not remain in the land a place which is not turned over other than less than one-twenty-fourth in the ground when he plows which is a quarter of a Kab for a Bet Seah (i.e., 2500 square cubits – the minimum area required in order to sow one Seah of produce)

זרועה ונמלך לנוטעה – that it was sown with grain [or vegetables] and he changed his mind to plant it with vines.

גומם – the language of “peeling the fat off even with the cap” of the chapter [in Tractate Hullin 92b] “The Sciatic Nerve”/גיד הנשה, that is to say, to cut off the vine close to the ground so that it will not remain a handbreadth above the ground.

קנבוס או לוף (hemp or lof/a plant similar to Colocasia, with edible beans and root, and bearing beans – similar to an onion) – these species, the rottenness/being worn-eaten and the plowing do not affect them, because they are preserved in the ground for three years and do not become worm-eaten.

אסטיס (woad, a plant producing a deep blue dye) – its color is similar to the purple-blue thread used for ritual fringes (i.e., bluish or cerulean dye) that we call it NIL in Arabic and in the foreign tongue ENDIKO, and we regularly sever it and it returns and grows back, and what grows the second time is called an after-growth/spontaneous growth. Alternatively, that which grows from the seed that falls at the time of harvesting/reaping is called after-growth.

מקום הגרנות – that they thresh grain and pulse in it.

תלתן – in Arabic CHULBAH and in the foreign tongue FENGREEKO (i.e., fenugreek)

אין מחייבין אותו לנכש (the law does not bind him to pluck out/weed the plants that grow among the fenugreek) – that without that its end would be to uproot them because woad is difficult for the grain for the grasses are hard for fenugreek when it is planted for human food, and the place of the threshing floors – the seeds are hard for it for they undermine the ground and blight/smite it and it is not appropriate further as a place of threshing.

ואם נכש או כסח (if he weeded or cut down) – for now he has revealed his opinion that it is pleasant for him with those that remain for behold he has uprooted everything except for them, we say to him, uproot everything because it appears like he is preserving mixed seeds/Kilayim.

נכש – that he uprooted the plants with the root by his hands.

כסח – that he severed the leaves, but the root remains in the ground, the Aramaic translation of (Leviticus 25:4): "לא תזמר" /or prune [your vineyard] is לא תכסח /do not trim/cut.

משר משר (to divide his field in straight lines/beds of various seeds – instead of square) -beds/grooves among beds/grooves and each bed/groove is from one species alone.

שלשה תלמים של פתיה (three ridges of a furrowed field) – that is to say, that he leaves between each bed/groove space of three ridges of a plough from the language (Isaiah 28:24): “breaking up and furrowing his land,” and in the Jerusalem Talmud it explains that they are two cubits wide by two cubits in length and afterwards he makes a boundary and goes on if he wants until there would not remain between them at the end of the boundary other than a little bit, for through this they appear that they were not sown in a mixture.

וקרובים דברי אלו וכו' - that the measure of three ridges of a furrowed field is close to being equivalent to the width of a yoke used in the plain of Sharon.

תור – it is the name of an ornament of a woman whose form is triangular, meaning to say, that it has three angles, the language of (Song of Songs 1:11): “We will add wreaths of gold [to your spangles of silver],” and through it we call the horn of the juncture/corner-piece that is sharpened the head/point of the angle. But if the corner-piece/horn of the juncture of field sown with wheat enters into a field of barley it is permitted because it appears like the end of his field and it is recognized that it was not sewn in confusion.

מותר לסמוך לו מאותו המין – it is permitted to flank near his field of wheat from the same species of he field of his fellow, and it does not appear like mixed seeds/Kilayim in his field because it appears at the end of the field of his fellow.

מותר לסמוך לו תלם של פשתן – for the person who sees knows that he did not sow it there other than to check his field if it is good to sow in it flax or not, because a person is not forced/pressured to sow one furrow of flax that he doesn’t have in it any profit/use. But of a different species that a person is forced to sow only one furrow, even if he didn’t sow it other than to check/examine [the suitability of the soil to grow flax in his field it is prohibited, for the person who sees states that he sowed it for his needs in order to derive benefit from it.

אחד זרע פשתן ואחד כל המינין – it is forbidden to flank one furrow, for the person who sees does not know that he does it to check/examine his field.

מותר לבדוק בתלם של פשתן - for everyone knows that he doesn’t intend to maintain the flax other than to check/examine [the suitability of the soil of] his field if it is good for flax. And the Halakha is according to the first Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah].

חריע – forest saffron, and we call it ELKORTUM in Arabic. These two species that is mustard and forest saffron/safflower damage grain and if the owner of the field did not sow them and desires their existence, he would not let another person to sow one of these two species near his grain, therefore it appears that he is maintaining mixed seeds in the field.

אבל סומכין לשדה ירקות – that do not do damage to vegetables and the person who sees it says that they belong to another person, and the owner of the vegetables is not strict/particular about them because they don’t damage them.

וסומך לבור (flanks an uncultivated land) – if there within the field of grain a place of uncultivated land which is not plowed nor sown a piece of ground of the capacity of one ROVA/quarter of seed, he flanks there another seed, and franks next to newly broken land and this is a plowed place.

ולגפה -a stone fence set up similar to a wall without plaster.

ולדרך – if the individual path forms a partition between two fields, it is permissible to sow one species in this one and another species in that one.

מיסך על הארץ (which shades the ground) – that its bough is not higher than three handbreadths from the ground, if there is a seed underneath it, it is permitted to flank another seed from outside that is is like a fence.

ולסלע – it was not necessary to teach it [in the Mishnah], for there is no divider bigger than this, but rather to inform us that even a rock requires being four handbreadths wide for less than this, it is not called a divider to separate.

קרחת – a free place that is not sown when it is quadrangular like (Leviticus 13:42): "בקרחתו"/”on the bald parr in the front,” which is the hair is plucked (i.e., made bald) and the place is smooth.

עשרים וארבע קרחות לבית סאה – and in every quadrangular patch [that is not sown] he sows one kind/ species. And a Bet Seah/a field requiring one Seah of seed is fifty cubits by fifty cubits, and when you make in it twenty-four patches, it is found that each quadrangular patch is ten cubits and two and one-half handbreadths length by ten cubits width. How so? If you make [in a field] from fifty [cubits] by fifty [cubits] , twenty five quadrangular patches, each quadrangular patch will be ten cubits by ten cubits; take one of them in order that twenty-four quadrangular patches will remain and divide them into twenty-four strips, it is found that each strip will be two and one-half handbreadths wide by a length of ten [handbreadths] for each cubit is six handbreadths which are sixty handbreadths, for ten cubits, give each strip from these at the head of each quadrangular patch, it is found that each quadrangular patch is ten cubits and two-and-one-half handbreadths length by ten cubits width.

מקרחת לבית רובע – For in a Seah there are twenty-four square quarters of a Kab; place them for the twenty-four quadrangular patches so that each quadrangular patch will have one piece of ground of the capacity for one Rova of seed.

כל מין שירצה – but Rabbi Meir did not require distancing a all for since they are quadrangular, they appear as separated and distinguished one from another.

היתה – within the field one quadrangular unsown patch of the capacity for one Rova of seed or wo quadrangular unsown patches.

זורעם חרדל – that it doesn’t appear like a field of mustard within a field of field of grain, but three quadrangular unsown patches appear like a field of mustard within the field of grain, because it is not normal to sow from the mustard a large field. But for the rest of the species, even three quadrangular unsown patches do not appear like a field because they regularly sow from them a lot together.

וחכמים אומרים תשע קרחות מותרות - The Sages are replying to the first clause, for when Rabbi Meir staes that one sows all twenty-four quadrangular unsown patches from any species that he desires, but the Sages prohibit placing one species next to a different species , but rather one makes a Bet Seah/a field requiring one Seah of seed of twenty-five quadrangular unsown patches which are five rows and each row from the five quadrangular unsown patches and he sows the first quadrangular unsown patch of the first row and leaves the second that is next to as fallow ground and he sows the third and leaves the fourth as fallow ground and sows the fifth and leaves the second row entirely as fallow ground and sows from the third row the quadrangular unsown patch and the third and the fifth and leaves the entire fourth row as fallow ground and he sows from the fifth row the first, third and fifth quadrangular unsown patches , there are nine quadrangular unsown patches that are sown for a Bet Seah.

עשר אסורות – that there needs to be a partition/separation between each and every quadrangular unsown patch like the measurement of a quadrangular unsown patch which is the capacity for one Rova of seed in nearness. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

בית כור – the language of Seahs. But the reason of Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov is not explained.

כל שהוא בתוך רובע – as for example, ravines filled with water, for even though they are not appropriate for sowing, they count for the measurement of a Bet Rova/a piece of ground of the capacity of one Rova of seed (i.e., one-quarter of a Kab) to be considered the distance between each and every species.

אכילת הגפן – what the vine seizes and consumes around it, which is in order that it functions, counts for the measurement of a Bet Rova to complete the ten cubits and two-and-one-half handbreadths length by ten cubits width, as we stated above (in Mishnah 9) which is the measurement of a Bet Rova that one must form a partition between each species. And similarly, a grave also counts and similarly a rock, but we are speaking of a rock that is not ten [handbreadths] for if it is ten [handbreadths], it is a partition and separates by itself.

תבואה בתבואה בית רובע -if his field was sown with wheat and he wishes to sow in it barley, he needs to distance it a Bet Rova (i.e., a piece of ground the capacity of one Rova/one-quarter Kab of seed), as long as there won’t be any wheat surrounding the barley from the four directions for there the distance does not benefit until would be open from one direction.

ירק בתבואה בית רובע – and especially when it is quadrangular that we require this, but if he wanted to make one row of vegetables within the field of grain, he makes the length of the row of ten cubits and one-half by a width of six handbreadths for they were more stringent with a quadrangular [plot] than with a row, and this is what we stated in the Jerusalem Talmud.

רבי אליעזר אומר ירק בתבואה ששה טפחים – for he holds that we are not stringent with a quadrangular [plot] more than that of a row. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.

תבואה נוטה על תבואה – as for example that they were sown according to Halakha but that sheaves within their growth are bent and lie one on top of the other, and similarly all of them.

מדלעת יונית – that its leaves are long and stretch more than they lean on the grain or on the vegetables that they become interwoven and tied up more than the rest of the species and look like mixed seeds.

ופול המצרי – PESHULI in the foreign language.

ורואה אני את דבריהן מדברי – that they do not have entangling but they become entangled like the Greek gourd. And such is the Halakha that everything is permitted except the Greek gourd.