קרחת – [razed portion of] a vineyard and the untilled ground surrounding the vineyard [between the vines and the fence], I will explain them further on.

בית שמאי אומרים כ"ד אמות – if its razed portion is twenty-four cubits, it is permitted to sow there; less than this, he should not bring seed to there.

שחרב מאמצע – and there are vines all surrounding the razed portion which is sixteen cubits by sixteen cubits, and similarly, if the razed area went over the face of the width of the vineyard where there are no vines other than from the two sides of the razed portion [of the vineyard].

אם אין שם שש עשרה אמה – according to the words of the School of Hillel, he should not bring seed to there even in the middle cubit, for four cubits that are on the side of the vineyard from this side and four cubits that are on the side of the vineyard from that side, is the tillage of the vineyard of four cubits as is taught in the Mishnah (i.e., Mishnah 2) because they would cut the grapes with oxen and with wagons and at the time of the plowing, they plow it with oxen; therefore, those four cubits in the vineyard are like the vineyard, but if there remained between them eight cubits besides those four on each side, they were not nullified in regard to the vineyard, and it is permitted to sow them; less than eight cubits, they cast one-half to this side and the other half to that side, and they nullify it concerning the vineyard, and it is like the vineyard itself and it is prohibited to sow in them because of mixed seeds/Kilayim. But according to the School of Shammai, it is not considered a field when it is less than eight cubits, therefore, we require twenty-four cubits – four for the tilling/working of the vineyard from this side and corresponding to them from the other side, subtract from them sixteen [cubits]- though eight to here and eight to there, and one has a field and it is not nullified.

מחול הכרם – it is a free space between the vineyard to the fence all around, like (see Judges 21:21: “[As soon as you see the girls of Shiloh] join in the dances, come out from the vineyards; [let each of you seize a wife from among the girls of Shiloh, and be off for the land of Benjamin]) women joining in the dancing that they dance all around. It is the language of (Jeremiah 31:13): “Then shall maidens dance gaily.”

אם יש שם י"ב אמה – according to the words of the School of Hillel, they provide four cubits for the tilling of the vineyard and sow the remainder. But if there aren’t there twelve cubits, he should not bring seed to there, for the four cubits that are near the wall, since they are not sown because of the repair of the wall in order that a person can walk upon the ground near the wall, and that the dirt will be threshed and its foundations will be strengthened, they are declared free. But the middle sections, if there are four cubits they are considered [usable] but if not, they are nullified in regards to the vineyard, but here we don’t require sixteen cubits for there is no prohibition other than from one side. And all of these cubits are a cubit of six handbreadths.

אין זה אלא גדר הכרם (this [space between the vineyard and the fence] is only [the area of] the fence of the fence of the vineyard) the place that is between the fence and the vineyard is called the fence of the vineyard, even if there aren’t there other than six cubits, he distances it four cubits and sows the remainder [of the vineyard].

ואיזהו מחול הכרם – that requires twelve cubits, it is the space between two vineyards. But the first Tanna/teacher holds that the place between two vineyards is judged like the vineyard that was destroyed in the middle, and in the Talmud of the Land of Israel, it proves that Rabbi Yehuda did not say, “And what is the outer space of the vineyard? The area between the two vineyards,” but rather, as for example, that the rows of the vineyards are not equivalent one to the other, as for example, the vineyard of this side of the free space of their wows from east to west and that is one the other side from north to south, for if they were corresponding, Rabbi Yehuda admits that they appear like the razed portion of the vineyard and would require sixteen cubits. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

איזהו גדר – A person who separates between the vineyard is able to place a vineyard from this side and to sow from the other side, and similarly for a ditch.

ג' טפחים – that all which is less than three [handbreadths] is like a לבוד/joined (i.e., that two solid surfaces are considered to be joined if there is a gap less than three handbreadths between them). And this is the measurement in order that a kid [goat, i.e., young animal] can enter.

הרי הוא כמחיצה – and it is permitted to support/uphold vines from this side and seeds from that side.

נדון כפתח – and even opposite it to it, it is permitted to support/uphold, but more than ten [cubits], it is not considered like an opening and one needs requires distancing corresponding to the place of the breach.

ואם הפרוץ מרובה על העומד אסור כנגד הפרוץ – but corresponding to the part which remains standing it is permitted if it is four [cubits] wide, but less than four [cubits] wide, even opposite the standing part, it is prohibited.

בית שמאי אומרים כרם – and one must distance from it four cubits in order to till in the vineyard.

אינו כרם עד שיהיו שתי שורות – and there is no need to distance other than six handbreadth like a singular vine.

הזורע ארבע אמות – that is to say, within the four cubits of the tilling of the vineyard.

בית שמאי אומרים קדש שורה אחת – for since the Torah stated (Deuteronomy 22:9): “[You shall not sow your vineyard with a second kind of seed,] else the crop – from the seed you have sown – and the yield of the vineyard may not be used,” one row we call a vineyard.

ובית הלל אומרים קדש שתי שורות – since it Is not called a vineyard with less than two rows, therefore, “the yield of the vineyard” that the Torah spoke of is when he sanctified (i.e., prohibited the use of) two rows by implication.

ואחת יוצאה זנב – as for example, thee vines that are planted in one row, and two in a second row opposite the two from the third.

ואחת בינתים – that the two that are opposite the time and fifth opposite their air space.

ואחת באמצע – as for example, a vine that is planted and four vines for its four directions.

שורה אחת בתוך שלו ושורה אחת בתוך של חבירו – and we are speaking, as for example that one row of the two vines and one row of a third, and even Rabbi Shimon who stated further (see Mishnah 9 of this chapter) regarding one who intertwines his vine over the grain of his fellows, he did not sanctify it (i.e., prohibit the use of) for a person cannot forbid something that is not his, here he agrees that they combine to prohibit the seeds because there is his and that of his fellow.

ודרך היחיד ודרך הרבים – that not one of them is eight cubits wide, for at a width of eight cubits, we state at the end of our chapter (see Mishnah 8) that they don’t combine.

הרי אלו מצטרפות – to be called a vineyard and one must distance it four cubits.

אם ערסן מלמעלה (if he connected them – the two rows of vines – above so as to form an arbor) – that he raised the tops of the vines on top of the fence and he mixes them that are on the side of the fence from here with those which are on the side of the fence from there. And the word, "ועירסן"/if he trained [the vines] is the language of "איזה עריס"/what is an arbor/espalier [of grape vines?] (in a legal sense), meaning to say, that he made of them a bed.

הנוטע שתי שורות – of two vines each, and not one of them that goes out with a tail.

אם אין ביניהם ח' אמות לא יביא זרע לשם – for they combine to become a vineyard, but if they are distant eight [cubits] outside from the place of the vines, they do not combine/mix, and behold they are like an individual vine, and one distances six handbreadths from this row and six handbreadths from that row and sows the six cubits that are in the middle.

בין שורה לחברתה – for since there are three rows, they are like a large vineyard, and the place that is between each of the two rows from them is judged like the law of a razed portion of a vineyard (see Tractate Kilayim, Chapter 4, Mishnah 1), which is sixteen cubits. But if the middle row was dried up/ruined, according to the words of the first Tanna/teacher, we do not require between them the measurement of a razed portion of a vineyard since a vineyard did not remain, and it is to be compared to a vineyard of four or five rows, for once the middle was laid waste, there still remains a vineyard; therefore, we require the razed place to be sixteen cubits.

רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר אפילו חרבה האמצעית – from after there already was a vineyard, even now, it has the law of a vineyard, and he needs sixteen cubits [between one row and the next and cannot seed it].

שאילו מתחלה נטען – that is to say, if they never reached the rule of a vineyard, he would not have planted them from the outset, other than two rows, he would not need that there to be between them other than eight cubits as we stated above [in the first clause of the Mishnah], now, that he planted them and the reached the rule of the vineyard even though that its middle was laid waste and there didn’t remain other than two [rows], they are like a vineyard that its middle was laid waste and it requires sixteen cubits. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov.

הנוטע את כרמו ט"ז אמה – that each row of vines is distant from its neighbor by sixteen cubits.

מותר להביא זרע לשם – and it is not necessary to distance other than six handbreadths from the row, like the tilling of an individual vine.

צלמון – name of a place.

הופך שער שתי שורות – it was a large vineyard that each row was sixteen cubits distant from its neighbor, and he did not want to intertwine his vine on top of his grain, and he would combine the rows two by two, and the heads of the vines, that is the branches of the two rows, he would turn them towards one side, these over the others, and there would remain the free space from this side and from that side, and he would sow but that he would leave six handbreadths, and in the next year they would do the opposite for such was their practice in a place where they sow in it from one year to the next year, they leave it uncultivated without blowing and without sowing.

אף הנוטע את כרמו של שמנה שמנה אמות מותר – for they (Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Shimon) hold that the rows are distant at intervals of eight cubits each, it is like an individual vine, and he leaves near the row six handbreadths and plants the rest, and we don’t require sixteen cubits other than in a vineyard laid waste, but when he plants from the outset, when he distances it eight cubits, it is enough. And such is the Halakha.