החורש. בית הפרס – a place where the defilement is separated and flattened/straightened there. But my Rabbis explained that [the word] פרס is "דבר פרוס ושבור" (see also the Bartenura commentary to Tractate Niddah, Chapter 7, Mishnah 5 where the same phrase appears) something that is broken and injured, that the bones of the corpse were broken/divided there. And from the mouth of others I heard that as a result that the feet of human beings are prevented from walking there because of the defilement.

מלא מענה (a furrow’s length) – of a plough. From the place of he grave that he began to plow until one-hundred cubits along the length of the field by one-hundred [cubits] in width, we are concerned lest the plough carries from him a [piece of human] bone the size of a barleycorn. But if he would continue ploughing outside of the one-hundred cubits, from one-hundred cubits and outward, it is ritually pure, for the plough does not carry bones of a grave other than up until one-hundred cubits.

בית ארבעה סאין (a space of four Se’ah) – one-hundred cubits in length by one-hundred cubits in width is the place of seeding four Se’ah. For the courtyard of the Tabernacle that was one-hundred by fifty is Bet Se’atayim, as we state in [Tractate] Eruvin [23b], it is found that one-hundred cubits by one-hundred cubits is a Bet Arbah Se’ah.

רבי יוסי אומר בית חמש – but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.

ובמורד (and in descent) - meaning to say, this measure that we stated to the first Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] and to Rabbi Yossi, to him as he holds and to the other (i.e., Rabbi Yossi) as he holds, these words [refer to] when the plough carries in descent, that it [looks like he] is rolling it from afar, and the same law applies when the land is on a plain level. But in an ascent, when he plows and ascends, according to the words of the first Tanna/teacher, he gives a quarter of a Kab of vetches on the knee-shaped pole of the plough- as far as the knee of the plough enters the soil, which is a bent wooden cavity made like a knee that the plough is affixed to, and it makes in its rim/bottom of the vessel a small incision like the measure that went out from it one globule/stone or kernel of a stone fruit, nut from the globules of the vetches, and it brings the plough and the globules fall off bit by bit, and in a place where the vetches have run out, not much falls from them together other than three globules each one by the side of the other and there was completed the Bet HaPras (i.e., the place declared - unclean on account of crushed bones carried over it from a ploughed grave).

רבי יוסי אומר במורד ולא במעלה – they did not say the law of the Bet HaPras other than in descent, but when the plough ascends to at a height where there is no Bet HaPras at all, for immediately the hand of the plough is emptied and if there is a bone there it falls. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.

והטיח בסלע (and he struck – with the plough against the rock) – the plough hit the rock and through it, the plough emptied/poured out.

או שניער את המחרישה (or he shook off the plough) – from the dirt that was upon it. And it comes to teach us that we are not concerned that he did not shake it off well.

עד שם הוא עושה בית הפרס – and no further, and even within six cubits or five [cubits].

בית הפרס עושה בית הפרס – One who begins to plough at the end of a Bet HaPras or in the middle, he counts one-hundred cubits from the place that he began to plough, and it becomes a Bet HaPras as if he ploughed from the place of the grave.

חרש חצי מענה (he ploughed half a furrow) – fifty cubits form the place of the grave and he returned afterwards and ploughed from there another fifty cubits, all the one-hundred became/were made into a Bet HaPras. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.

מלטמיא (quarry; he who starts ploughing from a quarry – where chips of stones, bones, etc. are deposited, or from a deposit of bones) – like full of bones. The dig is filled with corpses one on top of the other. [The word] טמיא – in the Aramaic language are bones of corpses/dead people.

מצבירת העצמות (from a pile of bones) – from the place that the bones are piled up there. And this is a matter that is not accessible/frequent that a person will plough on a pit/dig that is filled with corpses and on the pile of bones they are revealed, and they (i.e., the Rabbis) did not decree other than with a grave that was ploughed that is a thing that is accessible.

ומשדה שאבד הקבר מתוכה – that this is a compound uncertainty, lest he did not plough in the place of he grave, and if you can say, he ploughed, but perhaps he did not carry from it a bone.

או שנמצא בה קבר- that he ploughed and afterwards it was found, that this is a Rabbinic Bet HaPras, and they did not fine him since he did not know.

החורש את שאינו שלו – the Rabbis did not fine him for the land is to be that of his colleague is the Bet HaPras. And similarly, regarding a heathen, a fine is not appropriate for him.

שאין בת הפרוס לכותיים – that is to say, that even on the Cutheans they (i.e., the Rabbis) did not fine, all the more so, that they didn’t fine the heathen.

על גבי טהורה – that the field of the Bet HaPras (i.e., the area in which uncertainty exists concerning the location of a grave or a corpse) is above and it is pure below.

אפילו אדומה – that the dirt of the pure area is red.

והלבינה – on account of the dirt of the Bet HaPras which was white.

אין עושין אותה בית הפרס – they (i.e., the Rabbis did not decree defilement other than on a clod/clump of earth in its natural condition, but they did not decree on dirt that was swept away with the water.

עליה טהורה -whichever way you turn, if the grave is within the house, the house is impure and the upper chamber is ritually pure. If the grave is under the threshold of the entrance of the house, the defilement enters the house and the upper chamber is ritually pure. But when the opening of the upper chamber is not corresponding opposite the opening of the house, we are concerned that perhaps the grave exists underneath the wall that is corresponding to the opening of the upper chamber, and the defilement bursts forth until it reaches to the opening of the upper chamber, and enters into upper chamber through the opening.

ועפר חוצה לארץ – that is to say, or the dirt of outside of the Land of Israel. For the Land of the Nations and the Bet HaPras together defile through touching and through lifting.

שבא ברק – as for example a bunch of greens that have many stalks/stems that were uprooted in their clods of earth, for in each stalk/stem on its own, there isn’t dirt like the seal of the packing bags (especially adapted for ship-loads) which is the measure of clods of earth to defile.

חותם המרצופין – leather bags, like sacks, that those who travel place their vessels into them and seal them with a seal of plaster.

כסאה וכסאתים חותמות – of plaster. And this fact brings Rabbi Yehuda to the assistance of the Rabbis that they didn’t worry about a Se’ah or two Se’ah from the dirt that comes from outside the Land of Israel, for since there wasn’t the seal of one of them on its own like the seal of the leather bags. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.