גדיש שלא לוקט תחתיו – he who collected and heaped up stacks of grain to one place within the field, where the poor people there had not yet gleaned the poor man’s share of the crop.

כל הנוגעות בארץ לעניים – the Rabbis fined him since he heaped up stacks on top of the gleanings, and even heaped up stacks of wheat on top of gleanings of barley, whomever comes in contact with/touches the wheat on the ground is for the poor.

הרוח שפזרה את העמרים – on top of the gleanings.

גשי נפילה – according to the measure that normally falls at the time of harvesting, which are four Kabim for a Kor of seed, and a Kor is thirty Se’ah, and because the first Tanna/teacher who stated that we estimate how much it is appropriate to make as gleanings, Rabban Gamaliel teaches us that the matter does not require an estimation for it is already defined/determined as the field requires for seed, with thirty Se’ah of seed, it is customary to fall from it four Kabim at the time of harvest, and such is given to the poor.

שבולת שבקציר – he left a remnant in his harvesting one sheaf that he did not reap, and the top of that sheaf touches/reaches the standing corn, if that sheaf is cut with the standing corn, it belongs to the owner of the house, as the standing corn saves it and we don’t call it (Deuteronomy 24:19): “do not turn back to get it…”

מעשר שבולת אחת ונותן לו – since he is is obligated to give him tithed things like that which was a sheaf of gleanings which is exempt from tithes, and even though that they had yet been shaped into an even pile, the title of tithe applies upon it such as First Tithe in which the sheaves had been advanced hat the name of Tithe fell upon hem, even though they had yet formed an even pile. And how does he do this? He brings two sheaves from this pile that had been combined in the sheaves of the gleaning, and says about one of them if this gleaning is good, and if not, it is from the set tithes of the second, and he gives him the first. And in the Jerusalem Talmud, an objection is raised, for we suspect lest that this second time when he established it for tithes of this gleaning, since it is exempt from Tithes, the Tithes do not establish it, for we don’t’ separate from that which is exempt for what is liable. And we respond that the person who takes a third sheaf and says if the second one that I had established it is for Tithes is for gleaning, and it cannot be for tithes, the third is tithed for the first.

א"ר אליעזר וכי היאך העני הזה מחליף דבר שלא בא ברשותו – Rabbi Eliezer to the words of the Rabbis said to them that, that you who dispute me regarding a rich person who gleans Peah for a poor person, for I say that he should take possession and you stated that he should not take possession, how can this poor person exchange a matter that has not come into his possession? For surely, the owner of the field is not able to make assignment to him the gleanings according to their words, and it is found that this gleaning does not come into the possession of the poor person, other than according to their words, he can assign the poor person the entire pile on the condition to return it, for a gift given on the condition to return it is called a gift, and it is found that that sheaf which is gleanings comes to the hand of the poor person and he can exchange it for another. But the Rabbis state here that they did what they cannot assign as one who assigns it and we consider it as that sheaf of gleanings as if it comes into the hands of the poor person, even though that he did not merit it, for regarding this he can exchange it for another. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

אין מגלגלין בטופח – a form of thin pulse, which we call in Arabic Gilabaan. But Maimonides explained that it is a kind of seed which we call it Kortmin, and it is likened to barley. And Rabbi Meir states that we don’t irrigate this species with other kinds of seeds, to reap them together, for the greening that was appropriate to fall from the other kinds of seeds would fall from this worst species and it is found to cause loss to the poor.

וחכמים מתירים מפני שאפשר – that gleanings will fall from the rest of the seeds as from the irrigating engine. And the Halakha is according to the Sages. Another explanation: We don’t bring up water in a wheel from the well to water the field or to sprinkle it until the irrigating engine waters on it at the time when the poor come for the gleanings, because it causes loss to the poor. But the Sages permit it, since it is possible that they would estimate the loss of the poor in this and give the owner the family according to the estimation that they would estimate upon it, and for Rabbi Meir who stated that we don’t irrigate, we estimate for the owner of the house his loss and take it from the poor.

עני היה באותה שעה – and he is exempt from paying, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.

המחליף עם העניים – he gives grain or fruit to a poor person in exchange for what he gleaned.

שלו פטור – from tithing. What the poor person gave him which is gleaning, the forgotten sheaf and [from] the corner of the field.

ושל עניים חייב – what the owner of the house gave the poor person from his grain, and he is lible to tithe prior to giving it to the poor person.

שנים שקבלו את השדה – and both of them are poor.

באריסות – for one-half, for one-third and/or for one-fourth, and they are made like the owner of the house, and if the owner of the house is poor, he is prohibited from the gleanings of his field, as it is written (Leviticus 19:10): “or gather [the fallen fruit of your vineyard; you shall leave them] for the poor…,” it is a warning to the poor that he should not glean his gleanings and he is liable to separate out the Poor Man’s tithe and to give it to another poor person. And specially everyone regarding his portion is made like the owner of the house, and not on the part of his fellow. Therefore, it is permissible for this one to give that one the Poor Man’s Tithe.

שקבלה ממנו למחצה – if he owned that which was attached [to the ground] but if he said to him… [שליש] מה שאתה קוצר – you have no part other than that which is detached [from the ground] and he is liable for gleanings, the forgotten sheaf and the corner of the field, everything is upon the owner of the field, and even though that you forgotten the sheaves when detached at he time of the heaping up of the sheaves/carrying the sheaves home nevertheless, here he is exempt, and we don’t call it, “your harvest” (Leviticus 21:9), since he did not merit it other than when it was detached. And a proselyte who converted after the harvest and is liable in the forgotten sheaf above, according to Rabbi Yehuda, that is because we call it “your field” (Leviticus 21:9). But nevertheless, for this reason, we do not obligate a convert in gleaning after it had been uprooted from being attached to the ground.

המוכר שדהו – He sold him a field and its standing corn, but if he sold only the standing corn and left the field to himself, both are forbidden for the gleanings, the forgotten sheaf and the corner of the field, for near this, I call it “your field” and near that I call “your harvest.”

המוכר מותר – [to have] the gleanings, the forgotten sheaf and the corner of the field if he is poor.

על מנת שילקט בנו אחריו – and through this, the worker deducts it from the rent, it is found that he repays his liability from the poor.

אל תסג גבול עולים – that is to say, don’t read it as “always” but rather as those who ascend, there are those who interpret these as those who went up from Egypt that they would not change the warnings in the Torah that were given to those who left Egypt, and there are those who interpret those to ascend as those people whose property decreased, and calling them those who ascend is a language of honor, such as they call a blind person, who is capable of sight.

ולא שכחו בעל הבית – such as the case where the owner of the house is in the field and refers concerning him and he acquires it, but the owner of the house is in the city, it is considered forgetting, even though the owner of the house did not forget it.

לכובעות – to make of them a kind of hat at the top, for such they were accustomed to making wreaths of ears of corn and to put them on the head.

לכומסאות – they are not tall nor project above like hats, but are bent below so that they would be seen so much, as it states (Deuteronomy 32:34): “Lo, I have it all put away [Sealed up in My storehouses].”

ולחררה – reaped a little bit and made a temporary stack in the field, in order to roll the dough to make a thick cake baked on coals. Another explanation: There are those who harvest the grain and make a pile in one place until they are collected, and then they carry them to the place where they thresh the grain, and the place of the threshing is called a granary. And what they make a pile of on the ground is called stack covers, like the image of a hat which they place on a head, and what they make a pile of in a ditch in the field is called sheaves put at the bottom of a stack as foundation , like the language of (Deuteronomy 32:34): “Lo, I have it all put away,” and what they make a pile in a round heap like the image of the stone of a millstone is called a temporary stack in the field, on account that the temporary sheaf is round.

ולעמרים – he made small sheaves and he will end up making from two or three one sheaf.

אין לו שכחה – that is to say, what he forgot in the field at the time that he brings in from one of these places is not “forgotten,” as it is written (Deuteronomy 24:19): “When you reap the harvest in your field and overlook a sheaf in the field, [do not turn back to get it;]...,” just as there is reaping that has no reaping after it, so too carrying sheaves home, which have no other sheaves, which excludes those which have sheaves heaped up afterwards.

ממנו ולגורן יש לו שכחה – A person who brings from one of these places to the granary and forgot one heap of sheaves from these places, is considered “forgotten.”

המעמר לגדיש – and wants that they should remain in one place and there he will thresh them, there is something forgotten.

ממנו ולגורן – if he had his mind upon them and afterwards brought them to another place to thresh them, he has nothing forgotten.