כל זית. כזית הנטופה בשעתו – on account that it drips oil, they called it “dripping,” even though it does not drip every year long since when they raised up this name on that fact that at its time, it drips. If he forgot it, It is not forgetting, as it is written (Deuteronomy 24:19): “And overlook a sheaf in the field,” a sheaf that you always forget it, excluding that which you remember after a while.

שופכני – that its olives spill much oil.

בישני – that it embarrasses all the rest of the trees from the great among of oil that goes out from it, more than its neighbors.

שהוא עושה הרבה – many olives.

שנים שכחה – our anonymous Mishnah is according to the School of Hillel who said above that two are for the poor.

רבי יוסי אומר אין שכחה לזיתים – Rabbi Yosi did not say this other than when Hadrian the Caesar came and destroyed all the country and there were no olives found, but when the olives are found, Rabbi Yosi admits that there is forgetting for olives, and similarly, he whose olives were dripping or dry (not producing oil), they have forgetting.

שלש שורות של שני מלבנים – three rows of olive trees and between the first row and the second there is a square garden-bed in the form of a small grain plot (of three handbreadths in width) that is between the olives as is taught in the Mishnah above at the beginning of chapter three (Mishnah 1)., and similarly, between the second row and the third row, and he forget the middle tree that is in the middle row, that is not forgetting for the trees that surround it hid it, and it is similar to covering it with straw or poor people stood opposite it as is taught in the Mishnah above that is not forgetting.

במה דברים אמורים – it refers to the Mishnah that is above (Mishnah 1 of Chapter Seven), with a dripping oil at its time, and its forgetting is not forgetting. What are we referring to? At the time when he not begun [to harvest the tree] with it, but if he begun with it and had forgotten it, it is forgetting until there is in it two Se’ah.

כל מזן שיש לו תחתיו יש לו בראשו – If the owner of the olives is reminded from the olives that he forgot on the tree while he has olives underneath it, he can go back and harvest them, and it is not considered forgotten what he forgot at the top of the tree other than after no olives remained underneath the tree.

רבי מאיר אומר משתלך המחבא – that is to say, from when the harvester checked with the rods by which hidden olives are knocked down (i.e., searching after the hidden olives) , then all that remains is for the poor when the owner of the tree has no olives underneath [the tree], but all the while that the harvester did not check with the rods by which hidden olives are knocked down, even though there are no olives underneath, he can go back and harvest. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.

איזהו פרט – that is mentioned in the Torah (Leviticus 19:10): “or gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard.”

עקץ – sever/cut [by the stalk].

הוסבך בעלים – it became tied and caught in the trees, and through this fell and was separated into single grapes.

הרי הוא של בעל הבית – it was not separated through the cutting [of the branches].

המניח כלכלה בשעה שהוא בוצר – he places a basket underneath the grapes when the individual grapes fall into it.

הרי זה גוזל את העניים – that fallen grapes when falling, the poor have taken possession before they reach the ground.

אל תסג גבול עולים – this is explained above in chapter 5 (Tractate Peah, Mishnah 6).

איזו היא עוללת – as it states in the Torah (Leviticus 19:10): “You shall not pick your vineyard bare.”

כתף – the middle shoot/twig of the cluster is attached to many small clusters, and they lie one on top of the other it is like a burden that is on the shoulder of a person which is called a shoulder, and when they are scattered in one shoot/twig one hear and the other there, there is no “shoulder,” (i.e., grapes on an arm of a vine which branches off into twigs).

נטף – they are berries of grapes that are attached at the end of the shoot/twig that is customary that many grapes would be hanging there, and on account that its grapes drop downward, it is called נטף/grapes hanging down directly from the trunk, and in the language of the Bible, they call a cluster that lacks a shoulder (i.e., grapes on the arm of a vine which branches off into twigs) and grapes hanging down directly from the trunk עולל/picked bare, because it is in front of the rest of the clusters of grapes like something picked bare before the person.

אם ספק – that the small clusters appear to be hanging/suspended on a shoot/twig, as if the lie one on top of the other and they don’t lie nicely, for now there is doubt if it has grapes on the arm of a vine which branches off into twigs (i.e., a shoulder) or not.

שבארכובה – a young shoot of a vine that many clusters hang on it and when the person cutting grapes cuts them and it is called a knee/joint and sometimes it has a small single bunch (on a single branch, or hanging down directly from the trunk) with the clusters.

נקרצת – it is cut and severed and its example we taught in Talmud Yoma (31b): “he cut [the windpipe and the gullet] and another priest completed the slaughtering on his behalf” and in the Bible (Jeremiah 46:20): “a butcher from the north is coming.”

גרגר יחידי – such as a cluster that lacks small clusters lying one on top of the other but the single berries (not growing in clusters) are attached to the shoot/twig itself.

רבי יהודה אומר אשכול – as it is written (Isaiah 17:6): “Only gleanings shall be left of him, as when one beats an olive tree, two or three berries…” are a small single bunch, more than this is a cluster.

וחכמים אומרים עוללת – and they are not considered berries that lie one on top of the other to be called a shoulder (grapes on an arm of a vine which branches off into twigs). And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

המדל בגפנים – when the vines are joined in close contact one after another, he uproots from those that are in-between and the others are fixed with this.

כך הוא מדל בשל עניים – even though they have Peah or a small single bunch (on a single branch – or hanging down from the trunk)/gleaning reserved for the poor so the thinning of theirs like with his, for he holds that they have a partnership law and just as he thins his own, so too he thins that [the vines] of his friends and even the poor are included.

רבי מאיר אומר בשלו הוא רשאי – He holds that the poor have a law of acquisition with their part, and just as the seller says to his fellow – ten clusters of grapes it is prohibited to touch them, so too regarding that of the poor. But the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.

כרם רבעי – A person who plants a food-bearing tree, in the fourth year, he brings the fruit to Jerusalem and eats them there in the holiness of the Second Tithe, or redeems them and brings their monetary-value to Jerusalem, as it is written (Leviticus 19:24): “In the fourth year all its fruit shall be set aside for jubilation before the LORD,” and we expound on [the word] הלולים/jubilation like redeemed to become secular again, as the All Merciful said, redeem it and then eat it.

בית שמאי אומרים אין לו חומש – even though it requires redemption like the Second Tithe, the owners do not add the one-fifth for the Torah did not write [an added] fifth concerning it.

ואין לו ביעור – He is not obligated to remove it from the house on the Eve of Passover of the fourth year and the seventh year as one removes the tithes as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:13): “I have cleared out the consecrated portion from the house.”

וב"ה אומרים יש לו – [He has the added] fifth and he has removal. The School of Hillel derives [through a Gezerah Shavah/analogy] as he learns the fourth year fruit from the Second Tithe (Leviticus 19:24: “In the fourth year all its fruit shall be set aside (קדש) for jubilation before the LORD,” and Leviticus 27:30: “All tithes from the land, whether seed from the ground or fruit from the tree are the LORD’s; they are holy to the LORD.”). Just as the Second Tithe has the additional fifth and it has the removal from the house, so also the fourth-year fruit has the added firth and the it has removal from the house. But the School of Shammai does not derive “holy/holy” from the Second Tithe (see the above verses).

יש לו פרט ויש לו עוללות – they are considered like non-sacred/secular produce.

והעניים פודין לעצמן – from the grapes fallen off during cutting/the poor man’s share and the gleaning reserved for the poor (i.e., the small single bunch on a single branch or hanging down directly from the trunk) that they had gleaned, eating them in their place and bringing their monetary value to Jerusalem.

ובית הלל אומרים כולו לגת – because they derive it from the Second Tithe and they hold that the Second Tithe is the money of the Most-High (God), therefore, the poor have no share in it. And they tread on the gleaning reserved for the poor with the rest of the wine and owners bring everything to Jerusalem.

שכולו עוללות – throughout the entire vineyard there is not a bunch of grapes that has grapes on an arm of the vine which branches off into twigs (כתף) and grapes hanging down directly from the trunk (נטף).

אם אין בציר – and what is the measure of a harvest? Three bunches which makes a fourth.

אמר לו רבי עקיבא וכרמך לא תעולל אפילו כולו עוללות – But Rabbi Eliezer said that you should say this since the poor don’t have [a share in] grapes hanging down directly from the trunk prior to the harvest, the owner of the house will get possession of them, and therefore it says (Leviticus 19:10): “You shall not pick your vineyard bare.”

משנודעו הועללות – when it is recognized what are grapes hanging down directly from the trunk and what is a bundle [of grapes].

העוללות לעניים – A person cannot dedicate/sanctify [to the Temple] something that is not his.

יתנו שכר גדולן להקדש – that which grows in value all the while that they are in the ground of something dedicated to the Temple. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi.

בעריס – a vineyards where its vines hang on poles and trees, based upon the language (Song of Songs 1:16): “Our couch is in a bower.”

כל שאינו יכול לפשוט – that is to say, after he has passed by them, and if in the place where he remembers he cannot stretch his hand and take, it is called concerning him, (Deuteronomy 24:19): “Do not turn back to get it.”

אבל רוגליות –[grapes growing in a row on isolated vines] grapes that stand on the ground when they tread upon them with the foot.

משיעבור ממנה – that is forgetting, for each and every vine among the grapes growing in a row on isolated vines is considered like a border-bed/furrow on its own, and it is prohibited to return from one border bed to another border bed.