מאימתי מוציאיןם זבלים לאשפות – it is the manner of thos who work the land to bring in the manure to one place in the field and make there a large dung-heap until he disperses It in the field to manure it.

משיפסקו עוברי עבירה – to work the land in the Seventh Year and prior to that those who transgress [the laws of the Seventh Year] cease, it is forbidden so that they do not say that this is from those who transgress [the Seventh Year] and that he removes it to manure his field. And there are books in wich it is written them, that those “who perform work” and this is it (i.e., the correct reading).

משייבש המתוק – that the manure will be dried up as it gives a sweetness to the fruits/produce.

משיקשר – when it begins to dry up, it thickens and makes clumps/becomes knotty excrescences, and their words are close to being equivalent. And in the Jerusalem Talmud, it explains that when the sweetness dries out, fissures in the group of fields/valley when the rain falls fill up with water and do not dry up other than after a while, and they are called מתוק /sweet on account of (Job 21:33): “The clods of the wadi are sweet to him, [everyone follows ehind hi, innumerable are those who precede him].”

משפלות (wicker baskets carried on a pole over the shoulder) - baskets that they carry out in them manure and each wicker bashed holds a LETEKH (15 SEAH of dung) which is the burden of the donkey, and the LETEKH is one-half of a KOR which is fifteen SEAH.

מוסיפין על המשפלות – he places in one dunk heap wicker baskets like he wishes.

ואין מוסיפין על האשפות – to make more than three dung-haps in a Bet Seah (50 cubits by 50 cubits) , so that he will not appear as if he is manuring the field.

ר' שמעון אומר אף על האשפות – they may add [to the dung heaps] since there is a large community in one place and it does not appear like manuring. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.

יתר מכאן – from three [dung-heaps] it is permitted, which is Rabbi Shimon’s [opinion] in the opening clause, and not it comes to inform us that Rabbi Shimon permits it, even if there aren’t ten wicker baskets, as long as there will not be in it less than three, and even though there is a little manure in the dung-heap, and you might think that I would say that Rabbi Shimon admits that if he adds dung-heaps, it appears like manuring, it comes to tell us that it does not appear like manuring since he does not disperse it.

עד שיעמיק שלשה – that he will deepening the place of the manure or raise it up from the rest of the land b three handbreadths, so that it will be recognized that he is doing this in order to bring in the manure into one place, and not to manure the field.

עושה אדם את זבלו אוצר – those three dung-heaps of thirty wicker backets, he can make of them one dung-heap and can add to them as he wishes, and that is not to say that just as it is forbidden to have more than three dung-heaps for a Bet Seah (i.e., fifty cubits by fifty cubits), that is also forbidden to have more than the measurement of three dung-heaps in one place.

ר"מ אוסר – in the Jerusalem Talmud it is found that Rabbi Meir forbade more than the measurement alone, but with the merasurement, now that there are three places, it is it is permitted in one place, is it not obvious? But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.

היה לו דבר מועט – he doesn’t have to remove at one time according to the explained measurement of above, but removes a bit of it an/or adds to it and continues.

ר"א בן עזריה אוסר – lest he will not have more manure and it appears like he is manuring his field until he removes ten wicker baskets at once, or,

עד שיעמיק ג' או יגביה ג' – for since he same place is different from the rest of the field, it does not appear like manuring, and similarly, if he placed it on a rocky place which is not appropriate for sowing.

המדיר את שדהו (let cattle changes folds within a field/collect mnaure in a field, by letting cattle live on it) – it is the language of a shed for cattle , and he has no free place to place his cattle other than there, and he doesn’t intend to manure his field in this manner and it is intention to bring in the manure to dung-heaps afterwards.

סהר (enclosure for cattle near a dwelling/stable) – like an enclosure, a circumference of a partition around the sheep.

עוקר ג' רוחות – when the enclosure for cattle is filled with manure, he ruproots from the enclosure from three sides and restores on the [other] side of them middle and changes folds there like that for two Bet Seah, and makes dung-heaps within his field , three dung-heaps for a Bet Seah as we have stated.

נמצא מדייר בית ארבעה סתים – Two Seah from this side of the middle partition and two from the [other] side, and our Mishnah teaches us that it permits a cattle fold of four Seah prior to his making from it dung-heaps, but not more than that, so that they should not say that he intended to make folds in his fields [for cattle to live in them].

מפני מראית העין – so that it would not appear like he intends to manure his field if he makes all of it an enclosure for cattle.

כדרך המזבלין – three dung-heaps for each Bet Seah, but the Halakha is not according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.

מחצב (quarry) – a place within his field that he hews/chisels stones for building. If it was covered with dirt, and it would not be visible, they don’t open it at the beginning of Seventh Year, for one who sees it says that he is doing it to repair his field in order to sow within it and not to remove the stones for building.

עד שיהא בו שלש מורביות (piles of hewn stonesa0 – that there would revealed and appear from that quarry prior to the Seventh Year three rows of stones, that every row from there is three cubits long and three cubits wide at the height of three cubits , that there would be found there nine stones that each stone is one cubit by one cubit at a height of three [cubits], and similarly in each and every row , there are twenty-seven stones for the three rows, and in this manner, it is recognized that for the need of stones for building he finds them and not to repair his field.

של משאוי שנים שנים – that there is with each one of them a burden for two people.

הרי אלו ינטלו (they may be removed) – all of them and even the smallest of them and it does not appear like removing the wall to make a field in its place.

פחות מכאן מחצב – and he doesn’t take all of it, but rather razes the rock even with the ground and leaves from the rock a handbreadth in the land in order that it would not be appropriate for sowing.

במה דברים אמורים – that which he should not begin with hewing/chiseling and that in which he razes the rock.

מה שהוא רוצה יטול – that it doesn’t appear like repairing the field if he began to take [the stones] from the Eve of the Seventh Year.

שזעזעתן המחרישה – and even if he did not loosen/move them but rather that he will eventually remove them, it is as if he moved/loosened them.

הרי אלו ינטלו – all of them on account of these two [people who are required to move to stones].

המסלק שדהו – that he removes stones from the field, the language of (Isaiah 62:10): “Remove the rocks!”

ומניח את התחתונות הנוגעות בארץ – that in that manner, it does not appear like repairing/improving the field.

גרגיר של צרורות וגל של אבנים – small.

אם יש תחתיהן סלע או קש – it does not appear like repairing since the place is not appropriate for sowing.

אין בונין מדרגות – steps leading to ravines (for carrying up the water for irrigation), that they not slip in their descent to take the water that had gathered in the valley in those holes/indentations, because it appears like one is improving/repairing them [= the ravines/holes] to water through them his fields in the Seventh Year.

לא יסמוך בעפר – if he comes to dam up the place where the waters go out on the rocks, he should not put dust or plaster between the stones because it looks like more like he intends to water from them his fields.

אבל עושה הוא חייץ (he may make a loose embankment/ a pile of loose and uneven material) – stones arranged this one on top of tha tone, similar to a fence without dust and/or plaster.

כל אבן – [every stone] that is in his field, even a small one, if when he builds the fence or a building, he can stretch out his hand and take it and to build it.

הרי זו תנטל – that the fence proves for him that he takes it to build his fence but not to improve/repair his field for sowing.

באות מכל מקום – even within his own [field] for he surely knows that it was established for building and not to improve/repair the field.

והקבלן (and the contractor) – who received the field as a tenant (who tills the wowner’s ground for a certain share in the produce). מביא מכל מקום – and even from the same field that he is a tenant in it, even small stones, for [this field] is not [considered as his own, and there are those who explain that the contractor that is his manner to build buildings through his contract-labor as it is not] his intention other than to gather/collect stones he brings [nevertheless and even from] his own [field].

ר' יוסי אומר כו' – and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yossi.

להעמיק עד הסלע – and we are not troubled that perhaps he changes his mind and sows it, for it is not the manner for people to sow close to the public domain. But between him and his friend, we are troubled tht perhaps he will change his mind and sow it and it is forbidden.

צוברו ברה"ר (pile it up in the public domain) - and afterwards, he will take it from there and repair the public domain as it was.

כשם שאין מקלקלים רה"ר כך לא יתקן - meaning to say, it is not necessary to pile up his dust in the public domain which is prohibited, even though he would remove it afterwards for he does damage by the hour, but even to repair is forbidden, as for example, if the stones or the dust were scattered in the public domain, he should not pile them up in one place, but rather remove them completely from the public domain, and that is what he said: just as we don’t do damage in the public domain, he should not pile up his dust , even though that it was his intention to remove it immediately, so also he should not repair to pile up stones or dust that is scattered in the public domain and bring them out to the sea or the river.

מה יעשה בעפר – according to Rabbi Akiva.

צוברו בתוך שדהו כדרך המזבלים- three dung heaps for a Bet Seah (fifty cubits by fifty cubits).

וכן החופר בור שיח מערה – like the rest of the days of the yeaer, Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Akiva disagree regarding this. According to Rabbi Yehoshua, we pile it up in th public domain, as long as he doesn’t remove it afterwards and improve/repair the public domain as it was, and for Rabbi Akiva, even though it is his intention to repair/improve, it is forbidden, other than to pile it up in his domain. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Akiva.