בנות שוח (a species of white figs) – white figs that grow from every three years to another three years.

שביעית שלהם שנה שניה – of the Shemitah cycle for fruit that assume the shape of fruits in the Seventh Yar, their ripening is not completed until the second year of Shemiah which is three years from their formation of fruit and then the law of the Seventh Year applies to them, for we go after the formation of fruit.

פרסיות – a species of figs that produce from two years to another two years. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

הטומן את הלוף (he who stores LOF/ a plant with edible leaves and root, and bearing beans – classified with onions and garlic) – a kind from the species of onions that are customarily stored in the ground.

לא יפחתו מסאתים – because it appears like sowing, until he stores from them two Seah in one digging at the height of three handbreadths, so that they will not be scattered, but rather it will be the height of a pile and gathered three handbreadths and a handbreadth of dirt on top of the pile.

וטומנו במקום דריסת האדם – in order that it would not grow. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

לוף שערבה עליו שביעית – and entered upon it the Eighth Year when it endures a long time attached in the ground.

אם לקטו ענבים את עליו לקטו – as the leaves of he LOF/a plant with edible leaves and root, and bearing beans (of the onion species) they have removal (in the third and sixth years of the Sabbatical cycle) but if they were uprooted , they don’t have removal as is taught in the Mishnah further on in Chapter 7 (Mishnayot 1-2), therefore, if the poor gathered their leaves in the Seventh Yeaer, they gathered them, and if not, and they entered into the Eighth Year and the leaves grew, it was found that the growth of the Seventh Year and the Eighth Year were combined together.

יעשה חשבון – and he should estimate how much of them grew in the Seventh Year and give it to the poor, as Rabbi Eliezer holds like Rabbi Yehuda who staed further on that the poor eat after emoval and not the rich.

רבי יהושע אומר אין לעניים עמו חשבון – that he (i.e., Rabbi Yehoshua) held like Rabbi Yossi who stated further on (Tractate Sheviit, Chapter 9, Mishnah 8) that both rich and poor eat the produce after the time of the removal. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.

לוף של ערב שביעית – that was completed from the eve of the Seventh Year and it didn’t add growth in the Seventh Year, for it he added growth in the Seventh Year it is forbidden to uproot it because of loss of fruit.

הקיצונים – there are those who interpret that they were sown in the summer, and there are those who interpret that theya re unique to the summer in that they are very dry.

פואה (dyer’s madder growing on choice land) – that grows in a rich field; פואה/dyer’s madder , the red color that we call in the foreign language ROYAH.

במארופות של עץ (with a wooden shovel/rake) – with a hoe that they dig with it the ground, of wood, and not of iron, so that it would not appear as working the land.

בקרדומות של מתכת – and we aren’t concerned that perhaps that it looks like work.

בפואה של צלעות – like סלעות/stony-rocky areas with the letter “SAMEKH,” madder’s dye that grows between the rocks since there is no path to sow there , it does not look like working the land. Another explanation: צלעות – like (Exodus 26:20): “And for the other side wall of the Tabernacle,” meaning to say, the sides of the field, where it is not the practice to sow there.

רבי יהודה אומר מיד – and even though that with the rest of the vegetables, Rabbi Yehuda admits that it is prohibited until he makes something in a similar manner; the LOF (plant with edible leaves and root of the onion species) since he must uproot it, according to the School of Shammai with a wooden rake, and according to the School of Hillel with metal spade , there is no way to uproot it in the Seventh Year other than through a change of form, therefore, on the aftermath of the Seventh Year, there is no prohibition found on hand, and because of this, it is permitted immediately, but regarding vegetation where they did not decree that they should not detach it because its path is found at hand, it is also forbidden during the Eighth Year, therefore, it is prohibited until he does something in a similar manner.

מירבה (בו) החדש – in the Jerusalem [Talmud] it explains that this is from Passover onwards. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

שאין האומן רשאי למכרן בשביעית – for someone who is suspected [of violating] on the Sabbatical/Seventh Year , but for someone who is not suspected, he perfmitted for he doesn’t acquire but rather stores it away/hides it until [after] the Seventh Year.

מזרה (winnowing fan) – that scatters/winnows the grain in the granary/threshing floor.

דקר (pronged tool/mattock) – a kind of iron handle of a tool/peg is called KOLTERO in the foreign language, and it is made to dig the ground with it, such as the language (Numbers 25:8): “[he (Phinehas) followed the Israelite into the chamber] stabbed both of them [the Israelite and the woman, through the belly].”

מגל יד ומגל קציר ועגלה – they are permitted [to be sold] lest he [wishes] to reap from that which is ownerless and to bring [it] in a wagon for the food of his household, but it is not prohibited other than to bring a lot to make a storehouse.

היוצר – an artisan who makes earthenware vessels sells even to be suspected [of violating] the Seventh Year five pitchers of oil and fifteen pitchers of wine, and there is nothing to be anxious about lest perhaps he wants all of them for oil or all of them for wine, for they are recognized – those of wine from those of oil, that the dust that the wine pitchers make is not similar to the dust that the pitchers of oil makes from them.

ואם הביא יותר מכאן מותר – and we don’t concern ourselves lest from that he brought that which is preserved from the Seventh Year.

ומוכר לגוים בארץ – and we don’t concern ourselves less the heathen will go back and sell them to an Israelites that is suspected [of violating the Sabbatical year].

ולישראל בחוצה לארץ – and we don’t concern ourselves lest he bring them into the Land [of Israel]; alternatively, lest he place within them wine or oil of the Seventh Yar that he brought from the Land of Israel, for the Sages were not that stringent.

שהוא יכול לשחטה – and in whatever that we are able to leave in suspense, we do so. But the School of Shammai holds that it is not the practice at all to slaughter a cow that is about to engage in plowing.

אפילו בשעת הזרע – and we don’t say that definitely he purchases it for sowing for he wants that we assign it for eating.

שיש לו גורן – and we are not concerned lest he measures it to bring into the store house, for one can designate it for grinding it that he measures it.

ופורט לו מעות – he exchanges money with pennies.

אע"פ שהוא יודע שיש לו פועלים – and it is found that he is assisting in transgressing [working the fields on the Sabbatical Year] , that we say lest for the rest of his needs he requires it.

וכולם – if they explained that for a forbidden matter he wants them, it is forbidden.

החשודה על השביעית – to eat the fruit/produce of the Seventh Year after the removal [of the fruits of the third and sixth years of the Sabbatical cycle – see also Deuteronomy 26:12-14).

נפה (sieve/winnow) – that I say to count in it money and she purchases it.

כברה (basket used as a sieve) – I say [to her] to sift the sand in it.

רחיים (millstone) – for perhaps to grind them ingredients of frankincense.

תנור – lest to dry in it bundles of wet flax.

ולא תטחן עמה – for it is prohibited to assist the hands of those who transgress [the law of not working the land in the Seventh Year].

ובוררת וטוחנת עמה – they did not prohibit here regarding a woman who is illiterate who is suspected illiterate people tithe.

אבל משתטיל המים –with started dough.

לא תגע עמה – because once she [formed the dough by] rolling, it was immersed for Hallah, and she has deiled it on account of impure utensils because they became susceptible to receive Levitical impurity, and this one helps her to roll, and it is prohibited to cause ritual impurity to Hallah.

וכולן לא אמרו – they did not permit to loan them utensils and to assist them not at the time of the transgression itself but rather because of the ways of peace.

מחזיקין ידי נכרים – incidentally the Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] taught the ways of peace here, and it is explained above in Chapter 4 (Mishnah 3 of Tractate Sheviit).