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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot Chapter 11

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נוֹשְׂאִין עַל הָאֲנוּסָה. לְאַחַר שֶׁאָנַס אוֹ פִּתָּה אִשָּׁה מֻתָּר לִשָּׂא בִּתָּהּ אוֹ אִמָּהּ אוֹ אֲחוֹתָהּ, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא כ) וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִקַּח אֶת אִשָּׁה וְאֶת אִמָּהּ, בְּכֻלָּן נֶאֱמַר שְׁכִיבָה וְכָאן נֶאֶמְרָה לְקִיחָה, לוֹמַר לָךְ דֶּרֶךְ לְקִיחָה אָסְרָה תּוֹרָה:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

נושאין על האנוסה – for after he raped or seduced a woman, it is permitted to marry her daughter or her mother or her sister, as it is written (Leviticus 20:14): “If a man marries a woman and her mother, ‘[it is depravity],” in all of them it is sated, “lying with/שכיבה “ but here, it states “לקיחה/takes in marriage,” to inform you that the manner of taking [to wife] is what the Torah forbade.

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר. דִּכְתִיב (דברים כג) לֹא יִקַּח אִישׁ אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו וְלֹא יְגַלֶּה כְּנַף אָבִיו, כָּנָף שֶׁרָאָה אָבִיו לֹא יְגַלֶּה. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה. אֲבָל חֲכָמִים אָסְרוּ לְנִטְעָן מִן הָאִשָּׁה לִשָּׂא בִּתָּהּ אוֹ אֲחוֹתָהּ אוֹ אִמָּהּ אוֹ אַחַת מִקְּרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְצוּיָה אֶצְלָם תָּמִיד וְאָתוּ לִידֵי הֶרְגֵּל עֲבֵרָה. וְאִם עָבַר וְנָשָׂא אַחַת מִקְּרוֹבוֹת אֲנוּסָתוֹ וּמְפֻתָּתוֹ אוֹ מִקְּרוֹבוֹת הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּחְשַׁד עָלֶיהָ אֵין מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתָהּ מִיָּדוֹ. וּמַתְנִיתִין דְּקָתָנֵי נוֹשְׂאִין עַל הָאֲנוּסָה דְּמַשְׁמַע אֲפִלּוּ לְכַתְּחִלָּה, מַיְרֵי לְאַחַר מִיתַת הָאֲנוּסָה וְהַמְּפֻתָּה, דְּהַשְׁתָּא לֵיכָּא לְמֵיחַשׁ שֶׁמָּא לְאַחַר שֶׁיִּשָּׂא בִּתָּהּ יִזְנֶה עִם הָרִאשׁוֹנָה:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

רבי יהודה אוסר – as it is written (Deuteronomy 23:1): “No man shall marry his father’s former wife, so as to remove his father’s garment” (i.e., to lay claim to what his father had possessed: Cf. Leviticus 18:8, 20:11, Ezekiel 16:8 and Ruth 3:9). The garment that his father saw, he should not reveal. But the Halakha is not according to the Rabbi Yehuda. But the Sages prohibited those summoned on suspicion of intercourse from the woman. To marry her daughter, or her sister, or her mother or one of her relatives, because she is found with them always, and the come to get accustomed to sin. But if he transgressed and married one of these relatives of the woman he raped or seduced or of the relatives of his wife whom he was suspected of having relations with her, we don’t remove her from his hands. But our Mishnah which teaches: “They marry the kinswomen of a woman who one has raped or seduced,” that applies, even ab initio. We are speaking after the death of the raped or seduced woman, for now, there isn’t a suspicion lest after that he will marry her daughter, he will be faithless with the first.

לֹא חוֹלְצִין. דְּאַחֲוָה מִן הָאָב בָּעִינַן, וְגֵרִים אֵין לָהֶם שְׁאֵר מִן הָאָב:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

לא חולצין – for we require brotherhood from the father. But converts do not have relatives from the father.

שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ וַלְדוֹתֵיהֶן. וְיֵשׁ לְכָל אַחַת מֵהֶן בֵּן וַדַּאי, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְעָרֵב:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

שנתערבו ולדותיהן – and each of them has a certifiable son who was not mixed up.

אַרְבָּעָה חוֹלְצִין לְאַחַת. בֵּן וַדַּאי שֶׁל כָּל אַחַת מִן הָאַרְבַּע חוֹלֵץ לְאַחַת מֵהֶן, דְּכָל אַחַת מְסַפֵּק לָהּ לְאֵשֶׁת אָח. וּבֶן הַחֲמִישִׁית יִשָּׂאֶנָּה מִמַּה נַּפְשָׁךְ, אִם אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו הִיא הֲרֵי מְיַבֵּם לָהּ, וְאִם לָאו הֲרֵי חָלַץ לָהּ יְבָמָהּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ארבעה חולצות לאחת – the certifiable son of each of from the four performs Halitzah to one of them (i.e., the widows), and each of them are in doubt regarding here [due to the prohibition] of the brother’s wife, and the fifth son marries here, for whichever way you turn, if she is the wife of his brother, he performs levirate marriage with her, and if not, her levir performed Halitzah to her.

הוּא וּשְׁלֹשָׁה. זֶה שֶׁיִּבֵּם חוֹלֵץ לָאַחֶרֶת וּשְׁלֹשָׁה עִמּוֹ. וְהַחֲמִישִׁי מְיַבֵּם מִמַּה נַּפְשָׁךְ. וְחוֹזְרִין הַשְּׁנַיִם הַלָּלוּ וְחוֹלְצִין לַשְּׁלִישִׁית וּשְׁנַיִם עִמָּהֶם וְהַחֲמִישִׁי מְיַבֵּם, וְכֵן כֻּלָּם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הוא ושלשה – this one who performed levirate marriage performs Halitzah to the other and the three [women] with him, and the fifth [brother] performs levirate marriage, for whichever way you turn, and these two return and perform Halitzah with the third [woman] and the two who are with him, and the fifth [brother] performs levirate marriage and similarly for all of them.

אַרְבַּע חֲלִיצוֹת. תְּחִלָּה, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם רַשַּׁאי לְיַבֵּם עַד שֶׁיַּחְלְצוּ לָהּ הָאַרְבָּעָה, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֹא לִפְגַּע בִּיבָמָה לַשּׁוּק. וְהוּא הַדִּין דְּמָצוּ הָאַרְבָּעָה לְמֶחְלַץ לְכֻלְּהוּ וְהָאֶחָד כּוֹנֵס אֶת כֻּלָּן, אֶלָּא דְּהָכִי שַׁפִּיר טְפֵי, דִּלְמָא לְכָל חַד וְחַד מִתְרַמִּי דִּילֵיהּ וּמִתְקַיְּמָא מִצְוַת יִבּוּם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ד' חליצות – first because none of them are permitted to perform levirate marriage until the four [brothers] perform Halitzah to her for just as he cannot infringe the prohibition against a sister-in-law’s marriage with a stranger (literally, “for he met a sister-in-law for the market), and the same law applies when the four are able to perform Halitzah for all of them, and the fifth [brother] marries all of them, but rather, this is much better for perhaps each of them happens to come upon him and he fulfills the Mizvah of levirate marriage.

מֵתוּ הַכְּשֵׁרִים. הַוַּדָּאִין:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

מתו כשרים – the certifiable children.

אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ. תְּחִלָּה, וַהֲדַר מְיַבֵּם אִידָךְ, מִמַּה נַּפְשָׁךְ, אִי הַאי דְּחָלַץ הוּא בֶּן הַכַּלָּה וְחָלַץ לְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, הָא אִשְׁתַּרְיָא לָהּ בְּהַךְ חֲלִיצָה וְשַׁפִּיר נָסִיב לָהּ אִידָךְ שֶׁהוּא בֶּן הַזְּקֵנָה, דְּאֵשֶׁת בֶּן אָחִיו מֻתֶּרֶת לוֹ. וְאִי הַאי דְּחָלַץ הוּא בֶּן הַזְּקֵנָה וְאֵשֶׁת בֶּן אָחִיו חָלַץ, הַוְיָא לָהּ כְּחוֹלֶצֶת מִן הַנָּכְרִי, וּבֶן הַכַּלָּה כִּי מְיַבֵּם לָהּ שַׁפִּיר קָמְיַבֵּם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אחד חולץ – first [performs Halitzah] and afterwards the other [performs] levirate marriage, for whichever way you turn for if this one who performed Halitzah was the son of the daughter-in-law who performed Halitzah with his brother’s wife, for he is permitted to her through this Halitzah and it is well that the other marries her who is the son of the old lady, for the wife of his brother’s son is permitted to him. But if the one who performed Halitzah is the son of the old lady, and he performed Halitzah with the wife of his brother’s son, it is like she had Halitzah from an outsider/foreigner, so that when the son of the daughter-in-law when he performs levirate marriage, he did well in performing levirate marriage.

אוֹכְלִים בַּתְּרוּמָה. דְּאֶחָד כֹּהֵן וְאֶחָד עֶבֶד כֹּהֵן אוֹכְלִין בַּתְּרוּמָה:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אוכלים בתרומה – that both a Kohen and the servant of a Kohen consume heave-offering/priest’s due.

וְחוֹלְקִים חֵלֶק אֶחָד. מְפָרֵשׁ בַּגְּמָרָא דְּהָכִי קָאָמַר, וְחוֹלְקִים חֵלֶק כְּאֶחָד, אִם בָּאוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם עַל הַגֹּרֶן כְּאֶחָד נוֹתְנִים לָהֶם, אֲבָל זֶה בְּלֹא זֶה אֵין חוֹלְקִין לָהֶם, דְּקָסָבַר הַאי תַּנָּא אֵין חוֹלְקִים תְּרוּמָה לָעֶבֶד אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן רַבּוֹ עִמּוֹ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

וחולקים חלק אחד – It explains in the Gemara (Tractate Yevamot 99b), that this is what he said: and they divide the portion as one; if both of them to the threshing floor/granary as one, they give it to them, but if it was this one (i.e., the children of the Kohen) without that one (i.e., the children of the maidservant), they do not divide it among them for this Tanna holds that they don’t distribute heave-offering/priest’s due to a servant, other than his master is with him (which are the words of Rabbi Yehuda according to the Baraita).

בֵּין כְּשֵׁרוֹת בֵּין פְּסוּלוֹת. דְּכָל אֶחָד מֵהֶם סְפֵק כֹּהֵן סְפֵק עֶבֶד, כְּשֵׁרוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת לָעֶבֶד וּפְסוּלוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת לַכֹּהֵן, וּסְפֵק אִסּוּרָא לְחֻמְרָא:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

בין כשרות בין פסולות – for each one of them is a doubtful Kohen and a doubtful slave, those who are pure [Kohanim] are forbidden to a slave and those who are invalidated are forbidden to a Kohen, and a doubtful prohibition [is judged] towards stringency.

אֵין סוֹפְגִין אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. דְּכָל חַד אָמַר אֲנָא לָאו כֹּהֵן אֲנָא:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

סופגין את המ' – as each one says, “I am not a Kohen.”

אֵין מְשַׁלְּמִין. דְּכָל חַד אָמַר כֹּהֵן אֲנָא, וְלֹא מַפְקִינַן מָמוֹנָא מִסְּפֵיקָא:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אין משלמין – for each one says, “I am a Kohen” and they don’t remove from doubt.

וּמוֹכְרִין הַתְּרוּמָה. תְּרוּמַת תְּבוּאָתָן אֵין נוֹתְנִין אוֹתָהּ לַכֹּהֵן כְּשֶׁמַּפְרִישִׁין אוֹתָהּ, דְּכָל חַד אָמַר אַיְתִי רְאָיָה דְּלָאו כֹּהֵן אֲנָא, וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם אִי אֶפְשָׁר לָהֶן לְאָכְלָהּ, אֶלָּא מוֹכְרִין אוֹתָהּ לַכֹּהֵן וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלָּהֶן:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ומוכרין התרומה – the heave offering of their grain, they do not give it to the Kohen when they separate it, for each one can say, “bring proof that I am not a Koen” but nevertheless, it is possible for them to consume it, but rather they sell it to a Kohen and the money is theirs.

וְאֵין חוֹלְקִים בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. כְּגוֹן עוֹרוֹת קָדָשִׁים, דִּלְכָל חַד מִנַּיְהוּ אָמְרִינַן אַיְתִי רְאָיָה דְּכֹהֵן אַתְּ וּשְׁקֹל:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ואין חולקים בקדשי המקדש – such as, for example, sacred hides and for each one of these, we state, “ring proof that you are a Kohen and take.”

וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם קָדָשִׁים. לְהַקְרִיב:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ואין נותנין להם קדשים – to offer up.

וְאֵין מוֹצִיאִין שֶׁלָּהֶם. כְּגוֹן אִם נוֹלַד לָהֶם בְּכוֹר אֵין מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ מִיָּדָן, וְיִרְעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ואין מוציאין שלהם – such as if was born to them a first-born, we don’t remove it from their hands and let it pasture/graze until it becomes unfit for sacrifice.

חֻמְרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְחֻמְרֵי כֹהֲנִים. מְפָרֵשׁ בַּגְּמָרָא שֶׁמִּנְחָתָן נִקְמֶצֶת כְּמִנְחַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְקָרֵב בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְאֵין שְׁיָרֶיהָ נֶאֱכָלִין כְּמִנְחַת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶלָּא נִשְׂרֶפֶת כְּמִנְחַת כֹּהֲנִים שֶׁהִיא כָּלִיל:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

חומרי ישראל וחומרי כהנים – it explains in he the Gemara (Tractate Yevamot 100a) that their meal offerings are grabbed like the meal-offering of the Israelite and is offered on its own and its remnants are not consumed like the Israelite meal-offering, but rather it is burned like the meal-offering of the Kohanim which is burnt entirely.

הֵן חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. לְאִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל סָפֵק. וְאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הָרִאשׁוֹן חוֹלֵץ שֶׁמָּא בֶּן אֲבִיהֶם הָיָה. וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, שֶׁמָּא בֶּן הָאַחֲרוֹן הוּא וַהֲרֵי הוּא אֲחִיהֶן מִן הָאֵם וְלֹא מִן הָאָב וְאִשְׁתּוֹ עֲלֵיהֶן בְּכָרֵת. וְכֵן בְּנֵי הָאַחֲרוֹן. וְכֵן הוּא חוֹלֵץ לִנְשׁוֹתֵיהֶן וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הן חולצין ולא מיבמין – to his doubtful wife. And one of the sons of the first husband performs Halitzah, lest he was the son of their father, and he does not perform levirate marriage lest he is the son of the later husband, for he is their brother from the mother and not from the father, and his wife [is prohibited] upon them by extirpation, and similarly, the sons of the last wife, and similarly he performs Halitzah to their wives and does not perform a levirate marriage.

הָיוּ לוֹ אַחִים מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן וּמִן הָאַחֲרוֹן. שֶׁלֹּא מֵאוֹתָהּ הָאֵם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

היו לו אחים מן הראשון ומן האחרון -- not from the same mother.

הוּא אוֹ חוֹלֵץ אוֹ מְיַבֵּם. לְאֵשֶׁת בֶּן הָרִאשׁוֹן, אִם אָחִיו הוּא הֲרֵי טוֹב, וְאִם לָאו, נָכְרִית הִיא אֶצְלוֹ, וּכְגוֹן שֶׁאֵין שָׁם אָח אֶלָּא הוּא, דְּלֵיכָּא לְסַפּוּקֵי בִּיבָמָה לַשּׁוּק. וְכֵן לְאֵשֶׁת בֶּן הָאַחֲרוֹן:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הוא או חולץ או מיבם – to a wife from the first [marriage], if he is his brother, it is good, if not, she is a foreigner regarding him and as, for example if there is no brother there other than him, one doesn’t provide a sister-in-law to the marketplace and similarly regarding the wife of the last son.

הֵם אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. אוֹ בֶּן הָרִאשׁוֹן אוֹ בֶּן הָאַחֲרוֹן חוֹלֵץ לָהּ וַחֲבֵרוֹ מְיַבֵּם. אִם יְבִמְתּוֹ הִיא הֲרֵי טוֹב, וְאִם לָאו, נָכְרִית הִיא. וּמִשּׁוּם יְבָמָה לַשּׁוּק לֵיכָּא לְמֵיחַשׁ שֶׁהֲרֵי חָלַץ לָהּ יְבָמָהּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

והם אחד חולץ ואחד מיבם – either the son of the first [marriage] or the son of the last [marriage], he performs Halitzah to her and his colleague performs levirate marriage. If she is his sister-in-law, it is well, and if not, she is strange him, but because of having a sister-in-law in the open marketplace, one doesn’t worry for he has performed Halitzah on his sister-in-law.

הָיָה אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל. אֶחָד מִן הַבְּעָלִים יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

היה אחד ישראל – one of the husbands was an Israelite and one of them was a Kohen.

הוּא אוֹנֵן עֲלֵיהֶם. שֶׁמָּא זֶה אָבִיו וּבְיוֹם מִיתָתוֹ אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל בְּקָדָשִׁים:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הוא אונן עליהם – perhaps this was on his father, and on the day of his death, he is forbidden to eat Holy Things.

וְהֵם אוֹנְנִים עָלָיו. וּבְיוֹם מוֹתוֹ אֲסוּרִים שְׁנֵיהֶם בְּקָדָשִׁים. וּמַשְׁכַּחַת לָהּ דְּרוֹאֶה בְּמִיתַת שְׁנֵיהֶן וְכֹהֵן כָּשֵׁר הוּא דְּהָא אֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא לָהֶן, כְּגוֹן שֶׁנִּתְקַדְּשָׁה קִדּוּשֵׁי טָעוּת עַל תְּנַאי וְלֹא נִתְקַיֵּם, דְּנָפְקָא מִנֵּיהּ בְּלֹא גִּטָּא, וְנִשֵּׂאת תּוֹךְ שְׁלֹשָׁה, וּבִכְהַאי גַּוְנָא מַשְׁכַּחַת לֵהּ דְּרוֹאֶה בְּמִיתַת שְׁנֵיהֶם וְכֹהֵן כָּשֵׁר הוּא, לְפִיכָךְ אֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא לָהֶן:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

והם אוננים עליו – and on the day of his death, they both are forbidden [to partake of] Holy Things. And a case can be found that he sees the death of both of them that he was a valid Kohen, for he does not defile himself for them, as for example, that they were betrothed in a mistaken Kiddushin on condition, and it was not fulfilled, and left him without a Jewish bill of divorce and she got married within three [months] and in such a manner, a case can be found that he sees the death of both of them, and he is a valid Kohen, therefore, he does not defile himself to them.

הוּא לֹא יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָן. דְּיוֹרְשִׁין מַדְחִין אוֹתוֹ אֵלּוּ אֵצֶל אֵלּוּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הוא לא יורש אותן – for the heirs supersede him these with those.

וְהֵן יוֹרְשִׁין אוֹתוֹ. דְּמִי מְעַכֵּב עַל יָדָן, וְחוֹלְקִים הַמָּמוֹן בֵּין שְׁנֵיהֶן:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

והן יורשין אותו – for who prevents them and they divide the money between the two of them.

וְעוֹלֶה בְמִשְׁמָרוֹ. לַעֲבֹד, וְאֵין בְּנֵי מִשְׁמָר מְעַכְּבִין עָלָיו. אֲבָל אֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק, דְּכָל בְּנֵי מִשְׁמָר דָּחוּ לֵיהּ גַּבֵּי חַבְרֵיהּ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ועולה במשמרו – to serve and the members of his priestly watch do not prevent him, but he does not take [a share] for all the members of the priestly watch supersede him concerning his colleagues.

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