Text

Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim Chapter 3

Can copy this into an AI, or connect the whole library to your assistant. For deeper learning, you can directly use the original seforim, sites, and apps.

כָּל הַפְּסוּלִין שֶׁשָּׁחֲטוּ שְׁחִיטָתָן כְּשֵׁרָה. וְהוּא הַדִּין דַּאֲפִלּוּ לְכַתְּחִלָּה שׁוֹחֲטִין. דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא א) וְשָׁחַט אֶת בֶּן הַבָּקָר וְהִקְרִיבוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֲנִים אֶת הַדָּם, מִקַּבָּלָה וָאֵילָךְ מִצְוַת כְּהֻנָּה, לִמֵּד עַל הַשְּׁחִיטָה שֶׁכְּשֵׁרָה בְּזָרִים וּבִפְסוּלִים. וְלֹא קָתָנֵי שֶׁשָּׁחֲטוּ דְּמַשְׁמַע דִּיעֲבַד אִין לְכַתְּחִלָּה לֹא, אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם טְמֵאִים בִּלְבָד, דְּטָמֵא לְכַתְּחִלָּה לֹא יִשְׁחֹט, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִגַּע בַּבָּשָׂר. וְטָמֵא שֶׁשָּׁחַט בְּקָדָשִׁים וּכְשֵׁרִים לֹא מַשְׁכַּחַת לַהּ אֶלָּא בְסַכִּינָא אֲרִיכָא, וּכְגוֹן שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה וְשׁוֹחֵט הַבְּהֵמָה שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הָעֲזָרָה, דְּהָא שְׁחִיטַת קָדָשִׁים בָּעֲזָרָה הַוְיָא, וְאֵין טָמֵא נִכְנָס לָעֲזָרָה. וּבְנִטְמָא בְּשֶׁרֶץ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַסַּכִּין, דְּלָאו אַב הַטֻּמְאָה הוּא. אוֹ בִּטְמֵא מֵת וּכְגוֹן שֶׁבָּדַק קְרוּמִית שֶׁל קָנֶה וְשָׁחַט בָּהּ, אֲבָל בְּסַכִּין לֹא, שֶׁטְּמֵא מֵת מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַסַּכִּין לִהְיוֹת אַב הַטֻּמְאָה כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, וְהַסַּכִּין מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַבָּשָׂר:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

כל הפסולין ששחטו שחיטתן כשרה – and the same law applies (regarding the list provided in Tractate Zevakhim, Chapter 2, Mishnah 1 of those who are ineligible to partake of the Temple Service) even ab initio, they may perform the slaughtering [of the sacrifice] as it is written (Leviticus 1:5): “The bull shall be slaughtered before the LORD; and Aaron’s sons, the priests shall offer the blood, [dashing the blood against all sides of the altar which is at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting],” from receiving the blood onward is the command of the priesthood, teaching regarding that the slaughtering [of the sacrifice] is appropriate for a non-Kohen and those who are ineligible, and it (i.e., the Mishnah) does not teach that they slaughtered it implying that de-facto it is fine but not ab-initio, but only because they are ritually impure, for a person who is ritually impure ab-initio cannot slaughter, as a decree lest he come in contact with the flesh/meat. But an impure person who slaughtered Holy Things and fit individuals are not found [together], other than with a long knife, as for example, when he stands outside the Temple courtyard and slaughters the animal that is within the Temple courtyard, for that is slaughtering of Holy Things (i.e., animals) in the Temple courtyard, but an impure person cannot enter into the Temple courtyard. But if he was defiled by an unclean reptile, that he doesn’t defile the knife, for he is not a primary source of ritual impurity. Or someone who is defied by contact with the dead who defiles the knife to become the primary source of ritual impurity in a similar manner, and the knife defiles the meat.

לְפִיכָךְ הֵן פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַקָּרְבָּן בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה. הוֹאִיל וּרְאוּיִין לַעֲבוֹדָה זוֹ מַחֲשַׁבְתָּן מַחֲשָׁבָה וּפוֹסֶלֶת:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

לפיכך הן פוסלים – the sacrifice through [improper] intention. Since they are appropriate for this [particular] Divine Service, their intention is [an inappropriate] intention and it invalidates.

וְכֻלָּן. הַפְּסוּלִים:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

וכולן – those that are invalidated.

שֶׁקִּבְּלוּ אֶת הַדָּם. עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכֹל וּלְהַקְטִיר חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ אוֹ חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

שקבלו את הדם – on the condition to consume and/or to offer it up outside its appropriate time framework or outside its appropriate location.

אִם יֵשׁ דַּם הַנֶּפֶשׁ. עוֹד בַּבְּהֵמָה, יַחֲזֹר הַכָּשֵׁר לַעֲבוֹדָה וִיקַבֵּל וְיִזְרֹק, וְהַזֶּבַח כָּשֵׁר. שֶׁאֵין מַחֲשַׁבְתָּן שֶׁל אֵלּוּ פּוֹסַלְתָּן בְּקַבָּלָה, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִין לָהּ, וְאֵין הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה פּוֹסֶלֶת אֶלָּא בְּמִי שֶׁרָאוּי לָעֲבוֹדָה, וּבַדָּבָר הָרָאוּי, וּבַמָּקוֹם הָרָאוּי לַעֲבֹד, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא ז) הַמַּקְרִיב אוֹתוֹ לֹא יֵחָשֵׁב, בָּרָאוּי לְהַקְרָבָה הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אם יש דם הנפש – still in the animal, an appropriate/fit person should go back to the Divine Service and receive [the blood] and toss/sprinkle it, and the offering will be fit/kosher. For the intention of these do not invalidate them in the reception, because they are not fit for it. For the [inappropriate] intention does not invalidate other than someone who is appropriate/fit for Divine Service, and for the appropriate thing, and in the appropriate place to perform Divine Service, as it is written (Leviticus 7:18): “it shall not count for him who offered it,” for the verse speaks about someone who is fit for offering it.

יַחֲזִיר לַכָּשֵׁר. וְלֹא מִפְסִיל בְּמַה שֶּׁנָּתַן אוֹתוֹ לַפָּסוּל:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

יחזיר לכשר – and he will not find fault in what that he gave to the invalid individual.

נְתָנוֹ. פָּסוּל:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

נתנו – that which was invalid.

עַל גַּבֵּי הַכֶּבֶשׁ שֶׁלֹּא כְנֶגֶד הַיְסוֹד. דְּהַוְיָא נְתִינָה שֶׁלֹּא בִמְקוֹמָהּ. אוֹ שֶׁנָּתַן אֶת הַנִּתָּנִים לְמַטָּה לְמַעְלָה, יַחֲזֹר הַכָּשֵׁר וִיקַבֵּל. וּצְרִיכָה לְאַשְׁמְעִינַן בְּכֻלְּהוּ דְּאִית לֵיהּ תַּקַּנְתָּא בַּחֲזָרָה. דְּאִי אַשְׁמְעִינַן בָּרֵישָׁא, הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא הָנָךְ דַּחֲזוּ לַעֲבוֹדַת צִבּוּר כְּגוֹן טָמֵא דַּחֲזִי לְכַתְּחִלָּה בְּצִבּוּר, הִלְכָּךְ גַּבֵּי יָחִיד אִיכָּא תַקַּנְתָּא בַּחֲזָרָה, אֲבָל שְׂמֹאל דְּלֹא חַזְיָא לַעֲבוֹדַת צִבּוּר אֵימָא דְּלֵית לֵיהּ תַּקַּנְתָּא בַּחֲזָרָה. וְאִי אַשְׁמְעִינַן שְׂמֹאל, הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא שְׂמֹאל אִית לֵיהּ תַּקַּנְתָּא בַּחֲזָרָה, שֶׁכֵּן יֵשׁ בָּהּ הֶכְשֵׁר בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל נוֹטֵל אֶת הַמַּחְתָּה בִּימִינוֹ וְאֶת הַכַּף בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ, אֲבָל כְּלִי חֹל אֵימָא לֹא. וְאִי אַשְׁמְעִינַן כְּלִי חֹל, מִשּׁוּם דַּחֲזוּ לְקַדְּשִׁינְהוּ, אֲבָל הָנָךְ אֵימָא לֹא, צְרִיכָא:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

על גבי הכבש שלא כנגד היסוד – this is placement that is not in its [appropriate] place. Or that he placed that (i.e., the blood) which should be placed below [the red line] above It, the fit/kosher individual should return and receive it. And it is necessary to tell us about all of them, for it has a remedy in its return. For if it (i.e., the Mishnah) had only taught only the first clause I might think that these that were appropriate for the Divine Service of the community such as an impure person who is worthy ab-initio for the community, therefore, regarding the individual, there is a remedy through a return, but the left [hand] which is not appropriate for the Divine Service of the community, I might say that he does not have a remedy in returning it. But if we only taught the case of someone who used his left-hand, I might think that the person using his left [hand] has a remedy in returning it, for it has acceptance on Yom Kippur, for the High Priest takes the coal-pan in his right hand and the censer in is left hand. But an unconsecrated utensil, I might so not [at all]. But if he had mentioned only the unconsecrated utensil, because it is appropriate to sanctify it, but these other cases [mentioned in the Mishnah], I would say not, so it is necessary [to mention them all] (see the Gemara, Tracate Zevakhim 26b).

לֶאֱכֹל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל. חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ אוֹ חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

לאכול דבר שאין דרכו לאכול – outside of its [appropriate] time period or outside of its [appropriate] place.

וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר פּוֹסֵל. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ור' אליעזר פוסל – But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.

קִיפָה. תַּבְלִין וְדַק דַּק שֶׁבְּשׁוּלֵי קְדֵרָה:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

קיפה (jelly, sediments of boiled meat) – spices/seasoning and very fine [portions of meat] that are in rim at the bottom of the vessel.

אָלָל. שִׁיּוּרֵי הַבָּשָׂר הַנִּדְבָּקִים בָּעוֹר בִּשְׁעַת הֶפְשֵׁט. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, גִּיד הַצַּוָּאר שֶׁהוּא קָשֶׁה וְאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה שֶׁקּוֹרִין קַפִּיל"וֹ בְּלַעַ"ז:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

אלל (fatty substance, offal of meat) – the remnants of the meat that are attached to the skin at the time of flaying [of the sacrifice]. Another explanation: the sinew of the neck that is hard and is not appropriate for consumption, that we call KAPILO in the foreign language.

הַקַּרְנַיִם וְהַטְּלָפַיִם. וַאֲפִלּוּ מַה שֶּׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן קָרוֹב לַבָּשָׂר שֶׁכְּשֶׁחוֹתְכִין אוֹתוֹ יוֹצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ דָם, לָא חֲשִׁיב כְּבָשָׂר:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

הקרנים והטלפים – and even what is in them close to the flesh that we cut/sever them, blood comes out from it, is not considered like flesh/meat.

וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶם מִשּׁוּם פִּגּוּל. אִם הָיָה הַזֶּבַח פִּגּוּל, שֶׁחָשַׁב עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ לְאָכְלוֹ חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, וְאָכַל מֵאֵלּוּ, פָּטוּר:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ואין חייבין עליהם משופ פיגול – if the sacrifice was disqualified by improper intention/פיגול, that he intended to eat its meat outside of the appropriate time, but ate from these, he is exempt.

וְטָמֵא. אִם אָכַל מֵאַחַת מֵאֵלֶּה בְּטֻמְאַת הַגּוּף מִזֶּבַח כָּשֵׁר, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם אוֹכֵל קָדָשִׁים בְּטֻמְאַת הַגּוּף:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

וטמא – if he ate from one of these while in bodily impurity from a kosher sacrifice, he is not liable because of eating Holy Things while in an impure bodily state.

הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין. כָּל הֵיכָא דְּנָקַט הַאי לִישָׁנָא מַיְרֵי בִּנְקֵבוֹת:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

השוחט את המוקדשין – whenever that it (i.e., the Mishnah) uses this language, it speaks of females.

לֶאֱכֹל שָׁלִיל. שֶׁבְּמֵעֶיהָ:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

שליל (embryo) – that is in her womb

אוֹ שִׁלְיָא. הָעוֹר הַחוֹפֶה אֶת הַוָּלָד. אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה זוֹ פּוֹסֶלֶת אֶת הַזֶּבַח. דִּשְׁלִיל וְשִׁלְיָא לָאו גוּפָא דְזִבְחָא הוּא:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

שליא (after-birth, placenta) – the skin that covers the fetus, this intention does not invalidate the sacrifice. For the embryo and the placenta are not the body of the sacrifice [in the strictest sense] (see Tractate Temurah 31b).

לֹא פִגֵּל. הָכִי קָאָמַר, הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין לֶאֱכֹל שְׁלִיל אוֹ שִׁלְיָא חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, לֹא פָסַל. וְאִם חָשַׁב לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶן חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, לֹא פִגֵּל:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

לא פיגל – this is what he said: A person who slaughters the [female] consecrated animal to eat the fetus or the placenta outside of its [appropriate] place, did not make it invalid. And if he intended to eat from them outside of its [appropriate] time, did not make a sacrifice rejectable through improper mental disposal (see Leviticus 19:7).

חֲלֵב הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין וּבֵיצֵי תוֹרִין אֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן מִשּׁוּם פִּגּוּל. אִם פִּגֵּל בַּזֶּבַח וְאָכַל מֵחָלָב שֶׁבְּדַדֶּיהָ, לֹא מְחֻיָּב עָלֶיהָ מִשּׁוּם פִּגּוּל, דְּלָאו גּוּפָא דְזִבְחָא הוּא:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

חלב המוקדשין וביצי תורין אין חייבין עליהן משום פיגול – if he had an inappropriate intention with a sacrifice and consumed from the milk that was in its breasts, he is not liable for it because of an inappropriate intention, for it is not the main part of the sacrifice.

לְהַנִּיחַ אֶת דָּמוֹ אוֹ אֶת אֵמוּרָיו לְמָחָר. לֹא שֶׁיַּקְטִירֵם לְמָחָר, דְּהַאי מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ הִיא וּפִגּוּל גָּמוּר הָוֵי. אֶלָּא עַל מְנָת שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ הַכֹּל לְמָחָר וְלֹא יַקְטִירֵם:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

להניח את דמו או את אמוריו למחר – not that he would offer them up as incense on the morrow, for this intention is outside of its [appropriate] time and is it an offering completely disqualified by improper intention, but rather, on the condition that he would leave over everything for the morrow and not offer them up as incense.

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹסֵל. הוֹאִיל וּמִפְסַל בְּהוֹצָאָה וּבְהִנּוּחַ, מִפְסַל נַמִּי בְּמַחֲשֶׁבֶת הוֹצָאָה וְהִנּוּחַ. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁאִם הִנִּיחָן לְמָחָר פָּסוּל, דְּדָם נִפְסָל בִּשְׁקִיעַת הַחַמָּה, כָּךְ אִם חָשַׁב עֲלֵיהֶן לְהַנִּיחָם לְמָחָר, פָּסַל:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

ר' יהודה פוסל – since he would invalidate it by taking it outside and by leaving I, he would invalidate it also by the intention of removing it outside and leaving it, and just as if he left them for the morrow it is invalid, that the blood is invalidated with the setting of the sun, so also if he intended regarding them to leave them for the morrow, he has invalidated it.

וַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִין. הוֹאִיל וְלֹא חָשַׁב לֹא לְהַקְטִיר וְלֹא לִזְרֹק וְלֹא לֶאֱכֹל חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, וְכֵן לֹא חָשַׁב לֹא לְהַקְטִיר וְלֹא לִזְרֹק וְלֹא לֶאֱכֹל חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָשַׁב לְהַנִּיחַ לְמָחָר אוֹ לְהוֹצִיא חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, לֹא פָסַל. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים. וְהָא דְּלֹא פָסַל רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בִּמְחַשֵּׁב בַּדָּמִים הַנִּתָּנִין לְמַטָּה לָתֵת אוֹתָם לְמַעְלָה הוֹאִיל וְאִם עָשָׂה כֵן פָּסַל, מִשּׁוּם דִּסְבִירָא לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה שֶׁהַחוֹשֵׁב לִזְרֹק הַדָּם עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא בִמְקוֹמוֹ כְּאִלּוּ חָשַׁב לְזָרְקוֹ בִּמְקוֹמוֹ, וּבִלְבָד שֶׁלֹּא יַחֲשֹׁב לִזְרֹק חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה:

Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020

וחכמים מכשירין – since he did not intend either to offer up incense nor to sprinkle/toss [the blood] nor to consume it outside of its [appropriate] time. And similarly, if he did not intend neither to offer up nor to toss nor to consume it outside of its [appropriate] place, he did not invalidate it. And the Halakha is according to the Sages. But surely, Rabbi Yehuda did not invalidate by intention of tossing blood that should be tossed below [the red line] by tossing them above, for since, if he did this, he invalidated it, because Rabbi Yehuda holds that a person who intends to toss the blood on the Altar, even if it is not in its [appropriate] place, it is as if he intended to toss it in is [appropriate] place, as long has he did not intend to toss it outside of the Temple courtyard.

Next →