The measure of an olive-bulk, etc. This depends on the positions of Tosafot and the Rambam regarding eruv. For the Rambam ruled in Chapter 1 of Laws of Eruvin, Law 9, that the measure of an eruv is two meals, which are eighteen figs, equivalent to approximately six eggs. This follows Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira in Eruvin 82b and accords with the Gemara's conclusion there regarding the division with the shopkeeper. His proof derives from the plain reading of the Mishnah in the last chapter of Peah, which follows Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira, where it teaches "they may not reduce, etc., from a loaf, etc.," which is two se'ah, as written in Mishnah [Peah] Chapter 8: "One who has food for two meals, etc." Tosafot there on 82b, s.v. "Agav, etc." ruled in accordance with Rabbi Shimon, bringing proof from the fact that the Gemara's discussion in many places follows his opinion, where it states "like an egg for impurity, etc." — see there. But this is no proof, for the Rambam interprets what is stated in many places "like an egg for impurity, etc." as meaning without its shell, and this is not comparable to exactly half of half, as he wrote in Chapter 3, Section 1, that their measures are not equal to one another. According to this, it is puzzling that Tosafot ruled in accordance with Rabbi Shimon, which contradicts the anonymous Mishnah in the second chapter of Peah mentioned above, which follows Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira as stated. It appears that from the anonymous Mishnah in Peah there is no proof for the Rambam; on the contrary, from there is proof for Tosafot who ruled in accordance with Rabbi Shimon. For at first glance, one could say there regarding the language of the Mishnah "Rabbi Shimon says two handfuls, etc."—why didn't it teach the measure explicitly as "a loaf of five and a third eggs"? But the truth in this matter appears to be that the measure of "two handfuls" that Rabbi Shimon states is not the measure of two se'ah for everyone. Rather, the loaf itself is a Torah-mandated measure for the afflicted house, because it is written "and one who eats in the house, etc.," and we require the measure of eating, and half the loaf is the measure of one meal, and this is the peras mentioned everywhere—that is, peras of the loaf, whose entirety is two meals. However, regarding eruvin, they all intended to be lenient, and therefore Rabbi Shimon said that two handfuls of it should be two meals. And so too Rashi wrote there on 82b, s.v. "Its half, even though, etc., regarding the measure, etc."—see there. And this is what is meant by "its half for the afflicted house, etc."—that is to say, do not ask why didn't it teach its measure explicitly as mentioned. Therefore it says "its half, etc.," meaning that the essential measure is its half for the house, etc. With this, the language of the Mishnah in Chapter 17 of Kelim is resolved, where Rabbi Shimon precedes Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira there. This is because here it was necessary to teach "its half, etc." to teach that the essential measure of the loaf is for the afflicted house, and regarding eruvin Rabbi Shimon was lenient, and because of this he used the language "two handfuls" as mentioned. Therefore Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira precedes Rabbi Shimon, so that we should not err and say that this "its half, etc." applies only to Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira, had he taught Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira's position at the end. (Unlike Chapter 17 of Kelim, where the dispute of the Mishnah is not taught there except incidentally, it was not necessary to teach there again this "its half, etc.," and therefore Rabbi Shimon precedes Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira there, and it is taught adjacent to Rabbi Yehudah his disputant). With this, the position of the Shulchan Aruch, section 409, is resolved, where he wrote that the measure of two se'ah is like eight eggs, which is puzzling—in accordance with whom did he rule? See what I wrote there. But according to this, it works out well, for their position is that they ruled in accordance with Rabbi Yehoshua at the beginning of tractate Parah, who said there "one who eats in the house—i.e., peras," three [loaves] per kav. For they hold like Rabbi Shimon regarding the afflicted house, that half a loaf is one meal; however, Rabbi Shimon was lenient regarding eruv and required only two handfuls as mentioned. But Rabbi Yehoshua holds that peras is always half of the aforementioned loaf. And this is how it seems to the Shulchan Aruch, since Rabbi Yehoshua states anonymously there, and we do not hear him regarding eruvin being lenient, and if so it. is eight eggs as mentioned. Now, at first glance, one could say regarding the sugya in Eruvin there, where it says "there is a difficulty between one statement of Rabbi Chanina and another statement of Rabbi Chanina, etc., that which he gave, etc."—what is the difficulty between Rabbi Chanina and Rabbi Chanina? Let us say that he retracted from the first answer of Rabbi Chanina due to the difficulty "yet according to the master, nine, etc.," and therefore he answered "subtract from them half, etc.," as in many places. Furthermore, what does he teach us with these two resolutions: where he gives wood, he only deducts a third, and where he does not give, etc.? The matter appears to be that Rabbi Chanina first said the first answer "subtract from them a third" because the reconciliation of these two Mishnayot in the final chapter of Peah there was difficult for him, just as is asked in the Yerushalmi there. And this is the language of the Yerushalmi there, Chapter 2, Law 7: "Here you say they may not reduce for the poor in the threshing floor, but you say they may not reduce for the poor person passing from place to place." That is, since it teaches "from a loaf for a pondion" which is half a kav, as he wrote "from four se'ah for a sela," then regarding grain where the cost of baking is not needed, he should have to give more. And he answers: "Rabbi Chanina said: Subtract from them a third for expenditure." That is, what is stated "from a loaf for a pondion" is half a kav minus a third, for the shopkeeper profits on the baking expenditure, since when half a kav of wheat is sold for a pondion, certainly when the shopkeeper sells the loaf he deducts his expenditure. According to this, what is stated regarding grain—half a kav—is actually a third more than the measure of "a loaf for a pondion" mentioned above, and this is the first answer of Rabbi Chanina exactly. And the fact that he did not answer "subtract from them half" is because Rabbi Chanina ruled in accordance with Rabbi Shimon and interprets the anonymous Mishnah of Peah mentioned according to Rabbi Shimon, and therefore he answered "subtract from them a third." For according to this, two-thirds of half a kav—the measure of the loaf mentioned above—is eight eggs, and this is exactly like Rabbi Shimon. However, afterward it was still difficult for Rabbi Chanina regarding the baraita that teaches "and the near ones, etc.," which is not resolved by the first answer of "subtract from them a third," as the Gemara there asks "yet according to the master, nine, etc.," and he answered "subtract from them half." According to this, the sugya of the Gemara there works out well, that initially they wanted to resolve this baraita that teaches "and the near ones, etc." with the first answer, and due to the Gemara's difficulty "yet, etc.," he answered with the latter answer "subtract from them half." And it properly asks about these two resolutions of Rabbi Chanina against each other, and answers "that which he gives, etc."—that is, when giving to a poor person, one need not calculate the expenditure for wood; therefore they estimated there with that loaf for a pondion, and in such a case where the householder gives wood, he only deducts a third; and "that which he does not give, etc." According to this, the anonymous Mishnah of Peah mentioned comes out in accordance with Rabbi Shimon, and Rabbi Chanina holds in accordance with him, and so too Rabbi Chanina in the Yerushalmi holds in accordance with him, which is why he answered "subtract from them a third" as mentioned, to establish the aforementioned anonymous Mishnah in accordance with Rabbi Shimon, as is written in the Gemara "that which he gives, etc." Therefore Tosafot properly ruled in accordance with Rabbi Shimon. And what the Rambam brought as proof from the language of the Gemara there "Who are the Sages? Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira, etc.," which implies that the law is in accordance with Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira, is not decisive for Tosafot, because the anonymous Mishnah of Peah is in accordance with Rabbi Shimon, and the law follows an anonymous Mishnah as mentioned. But one still needs to examine what is written in Eruvin 82b "it teaches us that two meals, etc., and according to Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira, dried figs are a third of an egg," and the Rambam ruled in accordance with him. And all the more so according to Tosafot who ruled in accordance with Rabbi Shimon, and an olive-bulk is less than a dried fig, as is written in Shabbat 91a "to exclude from dried figs, etc.," and in Yoma 80a they said "the throat cavity cannot hold, etc.," and in Keritot 14a they said "the throat cavity cannot hold more than two olives," see what I wrote and what Tosafot wrote there, s.v. "Incidentally, etc." Because of this, Tosafot wrote that regarding eruv we hold in accordance with Rabbi Meir, and in the Gemara as well, etc., "your father, in accordance with whom did he act? In accordance with Rabbi Meir, etc."—see there. And the measure of Rabbi Meir is not known, for in the Gemara it says there "two loaves, etc., of the river Papita." It is possible to say according to the position of Tosafot that the measure of Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yehudah mentioned is twelve eggs, and if so, dried figs are two-thirds of an egg, and an olive-bulk, which is less than dried figs, is half an egg, and everything works out well. However, the position of the Rambam is still puzzling, for he wrote explicitly that a dried fig is a third of an egg as mentioned. It appears that what the Rambam ruled—six eggs, which are eighteen dried figs, as we say in the Gemara there—is with their shells, and dried figs for him are a third of an egg with the shell. What is written in Yoma there "the throat cavity, etc., cannot hold more than like an egg, etc." is without the shell, as is written there in Eruvin "like it without its shell," and regarding this they said that an olive is half an egg—that is, without its shell—and it is one measure, except that it is not exactly half. Therefore he ruled regarding eruv that two meals are six eggs, for according to this an olive-bulk is less than a third of an egg as mentioned. And regarding the measure of an olive-bulk he wrote that it is half an egg, and this is as he wrote. And so the Shulchan Aruch: regarding eruv he wrote in accordance with the Rambam, and regarding Pesach he wrote that an olive-bulk is half an egg. According to what I have written, the words of the Shulchan Aruch here come out correctly, both according to the position of Tosafot and according to Rabbi Meir as mentioned, and according to the position of the Rambam.