II. The Pursuit of Meaning THE CORE IDEA The precise meaning of the opening verse of our parasha is difficult to understand. Literally translated, it reads: “And He called (Vayikra) to Moshe, and God spoke (vayedaber) to him from the Tent of Meeting, saying…” The first phrase seems to be unnecessary. If we are told that God spoke to Moshe, why also say, “And He called”?

Rashi explains as follows: “Every [time God communicated with Moshe, whether using the words] ‘and He spoke,’ or ‘and He said,’ or ‘and He commanded,’ God called [to Moshe by name] first. ‘Calling’ is an expression of love.”

Vayikra, Rashi is telling us, means to be called to a mission in love. This is the source of one of the key ideas of Western thought, the concept of a vocation or a calling, i.e., choosing a career or way of life not just because you want to do it, nor because it offers certain benefits, but because you feel summoned to it. You feel this is your meaning and mission in life. This is what you were placed on earth to do.

When we see a wrong to be righted, a sickness to be healed, a need to be met, and we feel it speaking to us, that is when we come as close as we can, in an age with no prophecy, to hearing Vayikra, God’s call.

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

1. Who or what is “calling” to you when you discover your vocation/calling in life?

2. What was Moshe’s vocation/calling?

3. Do you know what your “calling” might be?

IT ONCE HAPPENED… The best teachers are not necessarily those with a gift for instruction. They are people who value their students, identify their potential, and get them to believe in themselves. Sometimes this has extraordinary results. Chava Lehman is an example of such an educator.

With encouragement from the late Lord and Lady Jakobovits, in 1976 Chava Lehman created a school for Jewish children with educational challenges called Kisharon, the only one of its kind in the United Kingdom. She begged and borrowed desks so that Kisharon could open its doors with just two rented rooms. Today Kisharon is a thriving family of institutions and programmes serving many hundreds of children and adults with varying degrees of learning disabilities.

The name Kisharon means ability, capacity, skill. This name was deliberately chosen to create a paradigm shift in our understanding of children with special needs. Most people see what they lack. She wanted everyone associated with the school to see what they have and what, with the right training and love, they are capable of giving. Her educational philosophy flowed directly from her religious faith: she believed that all of us are created for a purpose, and if we lack some abilities, we still have others. The children blossomed under her care.

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

1. Where in this story can you see the message contained inThe Core Idea?

2. InThinking More Deeplybelow, we see the idea that “each of us is unique.... There are things only we can do.... For each of us God has a task.” How did Chava Lehman incorporate this idea into her work?

THINKING MORE DEEPLY The American Declaration of Independence speaks of the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. There have been hundreds of books written on happiness and how to achieve it. Yet there is something more fundamental still to the sense of a life well-lived, namely, meaning. The two seem similar. It’s easy to suppose that people who find meaning are happy, and people who are happy have found meaning. But the two are not the same, nor do they always overlap.

Happiness is largely a matter of satisfying needs and wants. Meaning, by contrast, is about a sense of purpose in life, especially by making positive contributions to the lives of others. Happiness is largely about how you feel in the present. Meaning is about how you judge your life as a whole: past, present, and future. Happiness is associated with taking, meaning with giving. Individuals who suffer stress, worry, or anxiety are not happy, but they may be living lives rich with meaning. Past misfortunes reduce present happiness, but people often connect such moments with the discovery of meaning. Happiness is not unique to humans. Animals also experience contentment when their wants and needs are satisfied. But meaning is a distinctively human phenomenon. There can be happiness without meaning, and there can be meaning in the absence of happiness, even in the midst of darkness and pain. The pursuit of meaning is about the search for something larger than the self.

No one did more to bring the question of meaning to our attention than the late Viktor Frankl. In the three years he spent in Auschwitz, Frankl survived and helped others to survive by inspiring them to discover a purpose in life even in the midst of hell on earth. It was there that he formulated the ideas he later turned into a new type of psychotherapy based on what he called “man’s search for meaning.” His book of that title, written in the course of nine days in 1946, has sold more than ten million copies throughout the world, and ranks as one of the most influential works of the twentieth century.

Frankl knew that in the camps, those who lost the will to live died. He tells of how he helped two individuals to find a reason to survive. One had a child waiting for her in another country. Another had written the first volumes of a series of travel books, and there were others yet to write. Both therefore had a reason to live.

Frankl used to say that the way to find meaning was not to ask what we want from life. Instead we should ask what life wants from us. We are each, he said, unique: in our gifts, our abilities, our skills and talents, and in the circumstances of our life. For each of us, then, there is a task only we can do. This does not mean that we are better than others. But if we believe we are here for a reason, then there is a tikkun, a mending, only we can perform, a fragment of light only we can redeem, an act of kindness or courage or generosity or hospitality, even a word of encouragement or a smile, only we can perform, because we are here, in this place, at this time, facing this person at this moment in their lives.

“Life is a task,” he used to say, and added, “the religious man differs from the apparently irreligious man only by experiencing his existence not simply as a task, but as a mission.” He or she is aware of being summoned, called, by a Source. “For thousands of years that source has been called God.”

That is the significance of the word that gives our parasha, and the third book of the Torah, its name: Vayikra, “And He called.” Why does the word “vayikra” appear here, at the beginning of the third and central book of the Torah? Because the book of Vayikra is about sacrifices, and a vocation is about sacrifices. We are willing to make sacrifices when we feel they are part of the mission we are called upon to do.

From the perspective of eternity we may sometimes be overwhelmed by a sense of our own insignificance. We are no more than a wave in the ocean, a grain of sand on the seashore, dust on the surface of infinity. Yet we are here because God wanted us to be, because there is a task He wants us to perform. The search for meaning is the quest for this task.

Each of us is unique. Even genetically identical twins are different. There are things only we can do, we who are what we are, in this time, this place, and these circumstances. For each of us God has a task: work to perform, a kindness to show, a gift to give, love to share, loneliness to ease, pain to heal, or broken lives to help mend. Determining what that task is, hearing vayikra, God’s call, is one of the great spiritual challenges for each of us.

FROM THE THOUGHT OF RABBI SACKS I have spent much of my life thinking about life, observing people, reading books, searching for teachers and exemplars, trying to distinguish between what ultimately matters and what merely seems to matter at the time. I make no claims to wisdom, but this I have learned:

Each of us is here for a purpose.

Discerning that purpose takes time and honesty, knowledge of ourselves, and knowledge of the world, but it is there to be discovered. Each of us has a unique constellation of gifts, an unreplicated radius of influence, and within that radius, be it as small as a family or as large as a state, we can be a transformative presence.

Where what we want to do meets what needs to be done, that is where God wants us to be.

Even the smallest good deed can change someone’s life.

Those who spend at least part of their lives in service of others are the most fulfilled and happiest people I know.

A word of praise can give meaning to someone’s life.

The world is a book in which our life is a chapter, and the question is whether others, reading it, will be inspired.

Each day is a question asked by God to us.

Few are the days when we cannot make some difference to the lives of others.

We can make a difference, and it is only by making a difference that we redeem a life, lifting it from mere existence and endowing it with glory.

Each situation in which we find ourselves did not happen by accident: we are here, now, in this place, among these people, in these circumstances, so that we can do the act or say the word that will heal one of the fractures of the world.

To Heal a Fractured World, 272–273

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

1. Which lesson from this list can help you discover what your “calling” is?

2. Which lesson do you find most inspiring?

AROUND THE SHABBAT TABLE What makes you happy, what makes your life meaningful, and what is the difference between these?

How can you make your life more meaningful?

Do you have a sense of what your calling in life is?

EDUCATIONAL COMPANION TO THE QUESTIONS

THE CORE IDEA The term “calling” suggests that something or someone is calling on a person to become or achieve something. One’s calling could be your own natural skills, abilities, and personality that lead you to your vocation. If you are a naturally talented athlete with the appropriate temperament for success, then this can be described as your calling. Perhaps it is “wrong” to squander these talents, as they will benefit the world (in this case bringing enjoyment to many). Destiny or history could be calling on you, suggesting that humanity needs something specific at a specific moment in history, and you are the person to achieve it. In the case of our parasha, it is God who is literally calling on Moshe to achieve his destiny.

Although the context of the first verse of the book of Vayikra is God commanding Moshe to deliver a message about the sacrificial service to the Israelites, Rabbi Sacks, quoting Rashi, suggests that the text is intimating that God was calling on Moshe to his vocation – to be the leader of the Jewish people at that moment in history.

While we are sometimes critical of our educational systems that demand that our children consider their future careers at a very young age, this question is asking about vocation rather than career. It is never too young to start considering this, even though we must also encourage a young person to realise they are only at the beginning of a lifetime journey of self-discovery and actualisation.

IT ONCE HAPPENED… The most obvious connection between the story and The Core Idea is how Chava Lehman discovered and acted on her calling in life, and how this has made an impact on the lives of so many people. However, a subtext in the story is how she saw the unique potential in everyone, including the children and adults who benefitted from her work with Kisharon.

Chava Lehman could see the potential in everyone. She believed that despite the difficulties and differences that some have, they still possess a tremendous amount to contribute to humanity. She encouraged each person she came into contact with to explore their own calling and the unique contribution they could make.

FROM THE THOUGHT OF RABBI SACKS The journey of discovery to find one’s calling is a personal and unique process for each person. But inspiring people who have wisdom to share can help us with that process. While every one of these can become a catalyst for this process, the first three and the final one are particularly relevant. Rabbi Sacks himself decided to use the third one, “That where what we want to do meets what needs to be done, that is where God wants us to be,” as the conclusion to this Covenant Conversation essay.

These are taken from a longer list found at the end of the book To Heal a Fractured World. There is much to be inspired by here.

AROUND THE SHABBAT TABLE Happiness is about satisfying needs and wants, while meaning, by contrast, is about having a sense of purpose in life. This of course contributes to mental health and happiness, but is significantly different from the more general, looser term “happiness.” The following quote from Rabbi Sacks deepens this point: “Happiness is about how you feel in the present. Meaning is about how you judge your life as a whole: past, present, and future. Happiness is associated with taking, meaning with giving. Happiness is not unique to humans. Animals also experience contentment when their wants and needs are satisfied. But meaning is a distinctively human phenomenon.”

This must be approached in an individual way, different for each of us. Factors that may contribute could include skills, abilities, values, and outlook. Although participants in this discussion may well be very young, if they are old enough to understand what might give life meaning, they are old enough to think of ways to make their life more meaningful, both in the short and long term.

Again, this will depend on many of the same factors. The interesting question to also consider here is the relationship between calling and vocation, and having a sense of meaning in life.