Exodus Chapter 1
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וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצְרָ֑יְמָה אֵ֣ת יַעֲקֹ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵית֖וֹ בָּֽאוּ׃
These are the names of the B’nei Yisrael who came to Egypt. Each man with his household who came with Yaakov.
NOW these are the names of the children of Yisra᾽el who came into Miżrayim, with Ya῾aqov; every man came with his household.
And these are the names of the children of Israel who came to Egypt, [Scripture mentioning them again, after their death, in G-d's love for them]; with Jacob, a man and his household they came.
רְאוּבֵ֣ן שִׁמְע֔וֹן לֵוִ֖י וִיהוּדָֽה׃
Reuvein, Shimon, Leivi and Yehudah.
Re᾽uven, Shim῾on, Levi, and Yehuda;
Reuven, Shimon, Levi, and Judah.
יִשָּׂשכָ֥ר זְבוּלֻ֖ן וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃
Yissachar, Zevulun, and Binyamin.
Yissakhar, Zevulun, and Binyamin;
Issachar, Zevulun, and Benjamin.
דָּ֥ן וְנַפְתָּלִ֖י גָּ֥ד וְאָשֵֽׁר׃
Don, Naftali, Gad and Asher.
Dan, Naftali, Gad, and Asher.
Dan, Naftali, Gad, and Asher.
וַֽיְהִ֗י כׇּל־נֶ֛פֶשׁ יֹצְאֵ֥י יֶֽרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹ֖ב שִׁבְעִ֣ים נָ֑פֶשׁ וְיוֹסֵ֖ף הָיָ֥ה בְמִצְרָֽיִם׃
All the souls that emanated from the loins of Yaakov, [numbered] seventy souls, [including] Yoseif who was in Egypt.
And all the souls that came out of the loins of Ya῾aqov were seventy souls: for Yosef was already in Miżrayim.
And all the souls who issued from Jacob's thigh were seventy souls, and Joseph [— the same Joseph who tended his father's flock] was [king] in Egypt.
וַיָּ֤מׇת יוֹסֵף֙ וְכׇל־אֶחָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל הַדּ֥וֹר הַהֽוּא׃
Yoseif died. All his brothers and all that generation [also died.]
And Yosef died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.
And Joseph died, and all of his brothers, and all of that generation.
וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל פָּר֧וּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽם׃{פ}
The B’nei Yisrael were fruitful and prolific, and their population multiplied. They were exceedingly mighty, and the land was filled with them.
And the children of Yisra᾽el were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and grew exceedingly mighty; and the land was filled with them.
And the children of Israel were fruitful, and teemed [six in one birth], and multiplied, and became exceedingly strong, and the land was filled with them.
וַיָּ֥קׇם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף׃
A new king came into power over Egypt, who did not know Yoseif.
Now there arose a new king over Miżrayim, who knew not Yosef.
And a new king arose over Egypt who [deported himself as if he] did not know Joseph.
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֶל־עַמּ֑וֹ הִנֵּ֗ה עַ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רַ֥ב וְעָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃
He said to his people, “Behold, the people of the B’nei Yisrael are becoming too numerous and strong for us.
And he said to his people, Behold, the people of the children of Yisra᾽el are more and mightier than we:
And he said to his people: Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more numerous and more powerful than we.
הָ֥בָה נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה ל֑וֹ פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙ וְנוֹסַ֤ף גַּם־הוּא֙ עַל־שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ וְנִלְחַם־בָּ֖נוּ וְעָלָ֥ה מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Come let us deal wisely with him. Lest he increase so much, that, if there is war, he will join our enemies and fight against us, driving us from the land.
come, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when any war should chance, they also join our enemies, and fight against us, and so go up out of the land.
Ready yourselves to plot against it, lest it increase, and it shall be, in the event of war, that it, too, will be added to our foes, and it will war against us and go up out of the land.
וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מִסִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיִּ֜בֶן עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃
They appointed conscription officers over him to oppress him with their burdens. He [B’nei Yisrael] built supply cities for Pharaoh, Pisom and Ramseis.
Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Par῾o treasure cities, namely Pitom and Ra῾amses.
And they placed over it tax officers in order to afflict it with their [Egypt's] toils. And it built, [fortifying them as] treasure cities for Pharaoh — Pithom and Ramses.
וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְכֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
But the more [the Egyptians] oppressed him, the more [the B’nei Yisrael] increased and spread. [The Egyptians] came to loathe the B’nei Yisrael.
But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were mortified on account of the children of Yisra᾽el.
And as [much as] they would afflict it, so did it multiply and so did it burst forth. And they were sick of their lives before the children of Israel.
וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃
The Egyptians enslaved the B’nei Yisrael, with body-breaking labor.
And Miżrayim made the children of Yisra᾽el serve with rigour:
And Egypt worked the children of Israel with (back-) breaking labor.
וַיְמָרְר֨וּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים וּבְכׇל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה אֵ֚ת כׇּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃
They made their lives bitter with harsh labor involving mortar and bricks, and all kinds of work in the fields. All the work they made them do [was intended] to break them.
and they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick, and in all manner of bondage in the field: all their bondage, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.
And they embittered their lives with hard toil: with mortar, and with brick, and with all the labor of the field; all of the labor with which they worked them was (back-) breaking.
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ שִׁפְרָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית פּוּעָֽה׃
The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives. The name of one of them was Shifrah, and the name of the other was Puah.
And the king of Miżrayim spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shifra, and the name of the other Pu῾a:
And the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, the name of the one, Shifrah [Yocheved, so called because she "beautifies" (meshapereth) the infant], and the name of the second, Puah [Miriam, so called because she "coos" (poah) to the infant].
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאׇבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖וא וָחָֽיָה׃
He said, “When you deliver Hebrew women, you must look at the birthstool. If it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.”
and he said, When you do the office of midwife to the Hebrew women, you shall look upon the birth stones; if it be a son, then you shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.
And he said: When you deliver the Hebrew women, and you see upon the birth-stool that it is a son, then you shall kill him [(his astrologers having told him that a male would be born who would save Israel)], and if it is a daughter, then she shall live.
וַתִּירֶ֤אןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְלֹ֣א עָשׂ֔וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ן מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים׃
The midwives [however] feared Elohim and did not do as the Egyptian king had told them, and they kept the infant boys alive.
But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Miżrayim commanded them, but saved the men children alive.
And the midwives feared G-d and they did not do as the king of Egypt spoke to them, and they sustained the males.
וַיִּקְרָ֤א מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֔ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ן מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים׃
The king of Egypt called for the midwives and said to them, “Why did you do this? You let the infant boys live.”
And the king of Miżrayim called for the midwives, and said to them, Why have you done this thing, and saved the men children alive?
And the king of Egypt called to the midwives and said to them: Why have you done this thing and sustained the males?
וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן¹ הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ׃
footnotes: ¹ (בכתר ארם צובה היה כתוב אֲלֵיהֶ֛ן)
The midwives said to Pharaoh, “The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptians. They know how to deliver. Even before a midwife gets to them, they have already given birth.”
And the midwives said to Par῾o, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Miżrian women; for they are lively, and are delivered before the midwives come to them.
And the midwives said to Pharaoh: For not as the Egyptian women are the Hebrew women, for they are [as expert as] midwives. Before the midwives come to them, they are delivered [of themselves].
וַיֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֑ת וַיִּ֧רֶב הָעָ֛ם וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃
Elohim was good to the midwives, and the people increased and were very mighty.
Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and grew very mighty.
And G-d did good unto the midwives, and the people multiplied and grew very strong.
וַיְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָרְא֥וּ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים׃
Because the midwives feared God, He gave them houses.
And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses.
And it was, because the midwives feared G-d, that He made them houses [the houses of the Cohanim and the Levites from Yocheved, and the house of kingdom from Miriam (this being "the good" that He did unto them)].
וַיְצַ֣ו פַּרְעֹ֔ה לְכׇל־עַמּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כׇּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֙רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכׇל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן׃{פ}
Pharaoh then commanded all his people, saying, “Every boy who is born must be thrown into the river; but every girl shall be allowed to live.”
And Par῾o charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born you shall cast into the River, and every daughter you shall save alive.
And Pharaoh commanded his entire people, saying: Every son that is born, into the Nile shall you throw him, and every daughter shall you keep alive. [On the day of Moses' birth, Pharaoh's astrologers told him that the Jewish savior had been born and that he would be smitten by water, for which reason he decreed that all males be cast into the Nile — not knowing that Moses was destined to be "smitten" through the waters of Merivah (Numbers 20:13)].