Yisro heard—priest of Midian, Moshe’s father-in-law—about all that Elohim had done for Moshe and for His people Yisrael, that Adonoy brought Yisrael out of Egypt.

When Yitro, the priest of Midyan, Moshe’s father in law, heard

			 of all that God had done for Moshe, and for Yisra᾽el his people, and that the Lord had brought Yisra᾽el out of Miżrayim;

And Yithro heard [(of the splitting of the Red Sea and the war with Amalek and he came to join Israel)], the chief of Midian, the father-in-law of Moses [(Yithro now priding himself in Moses, whereas previously the reverse was the case (see 4:18)], all that G-d had done [(the falling of the manna, the welling of the water, the defeat of Amalek)] with Moses and with Israel, His people [(Moses being equated with all of Israel)] — that the L-rd had taken Israel out of Egypt [(this being the greatest of all)].

Moshe’s father-in-law, Yisro took Moshe’s wife, Tzipporah, after he had sent her back [home],

then Yitro, Moshe’s father in law, took Żippora, Moshe’s wife, after he had sent her back,

And Yithro, Moses' father-in-law took Tzipporah, Moses' wife, after she had been sent [back to her father's house to spare her suffering in Egypt].

along with her two sons. The name of one was Gershom, because he [Moshe] had said, “I was a stranger in an alien land.”

and her two sons; of whom the name of the one was Gershom (for he said, I have been an alien in a strange land:)

And her two sons, the name of the first, Gershom; for he (Moses) said: "I was a stranger (ger) in a foreign land,"

The name of the [other] one was Eliezer, because the God of my father was my help, and rescued me from the sword of Pharaoh.

and the name of the other was Eli῾ezer (for the God of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Par῾o:)

And the name of the second, Eliezer, for (he said): "The G-d of (Elokei) my father was my help (be'ezri), and He saved me from the sword of Pharaoh" [When Dathan and Aviram exposed Moses (see 2:14-15) and Pharaoh ordered him decapitated, his neck became a pillar of marble.]

Moshe’s father-in-law, Yisro came, along with his [Moshe’s] sons, and wife, to Moshe, to the desert where he was camped near the mountain of God.

and Yitro, Moshe’s father in law, came, with his sons and his wife to Moshe into the wilderness, where he encamped at the mount of God:

And Yithro, Moses' father-in-law, and his sons and his wife came to Moses to the desert [(a tribute to Yithro, his leaving magnificence for the desert)], where he was encamped, (to the) mountain of G-d.

He said to Moshe, “I, your father-in-law, Yisro, am coming to you along with your wife; her two sons are with her.”

and he said to Moshe, I thy father in law Yitro am come to thee, and thy wife, and her two sons with her.

And he said to Moses: I, your father-in-law, Yithro, am coming to you; and your wife and her two sons with her. [If you do not come out for my sake, come out for your wife's sake, and if not for her sake, for your sons' sake.]

Moshe went out to greet his father-in-law. He prostrated himself and [then] kissed him. They asked after each other’s well being, and went into the tent.

And Moshe went out to meet his father in law, and bowed, and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they came into the tent.

And Moses went out to his father-in-law, [followed by Aaron, Nadav and Avihu, all who saw them following in their wake — a monumental show of honor to Yithro] and he [Moses] bowed down to him and kissed him, and they greeted each other, and they came into the tent.

Moshe told his father-in-law all that Adonoy had done to Pharaoh and to Egypt for the sake of Yisrael; including all the hardship that had befallen them on the way, and [how] Adonoy had rescued them.

And Moshe told his father in law all that the Lord had done to Par῾o and to Miżrayim for the sake of Yisra᾽el, and all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the Lord delivered them.

And Moses related to his father-in-law [(to appeal to his feelings, to draw him to Torah)] all that the L-rd did to Pharaoh and to Egypt on behalf of Israel, all the ordeals [(at the Red Sea and with Amalek)] that they had undergone upon the way and how the L-rd had rescued them.

Yisro rejoiced over all the good that Adonoy had done for Yisrael; that He had rescued them from the hand of Egypt.

And Yitro rejoiced for all the goodness which the Lord had done to Yisra᾽el, whom he had delivered out of the hand of Miżrayim.

And Yithro rejoiced over all the good that the L-rd had done to Israel [the manna, the well, the Torah, and, above all,] His rescuing them from the hand of Egypt. [Until now, one slave could not escape from Egypt — and now, six hundred thousand!]

Yisro said, “Blessed is Adonoy Who rescued you from the hand of Egypt, and from the hand of Pharaoh; Who rescued the people from under the hand of Egypt.

And Yitro said, Blessed be the Lord, who has delivered you out of the hand of Miżrayim, and out of the hand of Par῾o, who has delivered the people from under the hand of Miżrayim.

And Yithro said: Blessed is the L-rd, who rescued you from the hand of Egypt [a hard people] and from the hand of Pharaoh [a hard king], who rescued the people from under the [oppressive] hand of Egypt.

Now I know that Adonoy is greater than all the gods, because the very thing they plotted came upon them.”

Now I know that the Lord is greater than all gods: for in the thing wherein they dealt proudly he was above them.

Now I know [even more than in the past] that greater is the L-rd than all the gods [(There was no idolatry in the world that Yithro had not served)]. For [they (the Egyptians) were destroyed] by the [very] thing [water] whereby they devised evil against them.

[Then] Yisro, Moshe’s father-in-law, brought a burnt-offering and [peace]-offerings to God. Aharon and all the elders of Yisrael came to eat bread with [Yisro,] Moshe’s father-in-law, before God.

And Yitro, Moshe’s father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aharon came, and all the elders of Yisra᾽el, to eat bread with Moshe’s father in law before God.

And Yithro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and peace-offerings (for sacrifice) to G-d. And Aaron and all the elders of Israel [(with Moses "in attendance")] came to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before G-d [(whence it is seen that deriving enjoyment from a feast partaken of by Torah scholars is akin to basking in the Divine radiance)].

It was on the following day [that] Moshe sat to judge the people and the people stood around Moshe from morning until evening.

And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moshe sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moshe from the morning to the evening.

And it was [on the day after Yom Kippur] on the morrow [of Moses' descent from the mountain with the second tablets (This section is out of chronological order)] that Moses sat [like a king] to judge the people, and the people stood, (waiting) upon Moses from morning to evening ["Every judge who judges a true judgment in its (essential) truth, even for one moment, Scripture accounts it to him as if he had occupied himself with Torah the entire day ('from morning to evening') and as if he were a partner with the Holy One Blessed be He in the creation" (see Genesis 1:5)].

When Moshe’s father-in-law saw all that he did for the people, he said, “What is this that you are doing for the people? Why are you sitting by yourself and [letting] the people stand around you from morning until evening?”

And when Moshe’s father in law saw all that he did for the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest for the people? why dost thou sit alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning to evening?

And Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, and he said: What is this thing that you do to the people? Why do you sit by yourself and all the people wait upon you from morning to evening?

Moshe said to his father-in-law, “Because the people come to me to seek [instruction from] God.

And Moshe said to his father in law, Because the people come to me to inquire of God:

And Moses said to his father-in-law: Because the people come to me to enquire [(concerning the law)] of G-d.

Whenever they have a problem, they come to me, and I judge between man and his neighbor. I impart to them God’s statutes and His laws.”

When they have a matter, they come to me; and I judge between one and another, and I do make them know the statutes of God and his Torot.

When they have a matter [to be resolved], he [the one who "has the matter"] comes to me, and I judge between a man and his neighbor, and I make known the statutes of G-d and His laws.

Moshe’s father-in-law said to him, “What you are doing is not good.

And Moshe’s father in law said to him, The thing that thou doest is not good.

And the father-in-law of Moses [(Scripture honoring Yithro by this appellation)] said to him: The thing that you do is not good.

You are going to wear yourself out, you too and this people that is with you. This [activity] is too heavy for you. You cannot do it alone.

Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee: for this thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone.

You will languish, both you [including Aaron and Chur and the seventy elders] and this people that is with you. For this thing is beyond your strength; you will not be able to do it alone.

Now listen to my voice. I will give you advice and God be with you. You must be God’s representative for the people, and bring the[ir] problems to God.

Hearken now to my voice, I will give thee counsel, and may God be with thee: Be thou the link between the people and God, that thou mayst bring the cases to God:

Now, hearken to my voice. I shall counsel you, and let G-d be with you [in counsel; consult Him on this]. You be to the people [an intermediary] to G-d, [receiving judgment from Him], and you bring the matters [i.e., their disputes] to G-d.

You shall enlighten them as to the statutes and laws, and impart to them the path in which they must walk, and the deeds they must do.

and thou shalt teach them the ordinances and the Torot, and shalt show them the way in which they must walk, and the work that they must do.

And you shall exhort them in respect to the statutes and the Toroth; and you shall apprise them of the way in which they shall go, and of the deed that they shall do.

You must seek out from among all the people capable, God-fearing men, men of truth, who despise gain. You must then appoint them over [the people] as officers of thousands, officers of hundreds, officers of fifties and officers of tens.

Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating unjust gain; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens;

And you shall see from all the people [through the holy spirit that is upon you] men of valor [rich men, who need not toady to anyone], fearers of G-d, trustworthy men, haters of gain [at the expense of integrity]; and (from these) place over them (the people) officers of thousands [600 officers for 600,000]; officers of hundreds, [6,000]; officers of fifties [12,000]; and officers of tens [60,000].

Let them judge the people at all times. Every major problem they will bring to you, and every minor problem they shall judge by themselves. It will [thus] be easier for you since they will bear the burden with you.

and let them judge the people at all seasons: and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring to thee, but every small matter they shall judge: so shall it be easier for thyself, and they shall bear the burden with thee.

And they shall judge the people at all times. And it shall be, every major thing shall they bring to you, and every minor thing shall they themselves judge, and it shall be easier for you, and they shall bear (the burden) with you.

If you do this and God commands you [to do so], you will be able to survive, and also this entire people will come to their place in peace.”

If thou shalt do this thing, and God command thee so, then thou shalt be able to endure, and all this people shall go to their place in peace.

If you do this thing and G-d will command you [to do it], then you will be able to bear up [(but not if He does not command you to do it)]; and also all of this people [Aaron, Nadav, Avihu, and the seventy elders who are with you] shall come to their place in peace.

Moshe listened to the voice of his father-in-law and he did all that he said.

So Moshe hearkened to the voice of his father in law, and did all that he had said.

And Moses heeded his father-in-law's voice, and he did all that he said.

Moshe chose capable men from among all Yisrael, and appointed them leaders over the people; officers of thousands, officers of hundreds, officers of fifties and officers of tens.

And Moshe chose able men out of all Yisra᾽el, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.

And Moses chose men of valor from all of Israel, and he made them heads of the people: officers of thousands, officers of hundreds, officers of fifties, and officers of tens.

They judged the people at all times. The difficult problems, they would bring to Moshe, and the simple problems they would judge by themselves.

And they judged the people at all times: the hard cases they brought to Moshe, but every small matter they judged themselves.

And they judged the people at all times. The hard thing they brought to Moses, and the small thing they themselves judged.

Moshe sent his father-in-law off, and he [Yisro] went on his way to his land.

And Moshe let his father in law depart; and he went his way to his own land.

And Moses sent his father-in-law and he went to his land [to proselytize his family].