MISHNAH: If an amphora broke, one saves from it food for three meals and tells others: come and save for yourselves¹; only one may not absorb it in a sponge². One does not squeeze fruits to extract their juice³ and if it seeped out by itself it is forbidden. Rebbi Jehudah says, if they are solid food, what comes from them is permitted⁴, but if they are for drinks, what comes from them is forbidden. What flows from itself from honeycombs which he crushed on Friday is forbidden, but Rebbi Eliezer permits it⁵.

footnotes: ¹ Cf. Mishnah 16:3. The object is an amphora filled with wine or olive oil. ² In itself this is not forbidden, but it is rabinically prohibited since we are afraid that he will squeeze the sponge on the Sabbath to recoup his wine. ³ This is forbidden under the category of threshing. ⁴ If the fruit is to be eaten, the juice which seeps from it is permitted since there is no reason rabbinically to forbid since nobody will want to squeeze it. But for fruits used to make juice the seepage is rabbinically forbidden. ⁵ He does not suspect people to crush honeycombs on the Sabbath.

MISHNAH: Everything which was in hot water⁶ on Friday one soaks⁷ in hot water on the Sabbath but anything which was not in hot water on Friday one rinses⁷ in hot water on the Sabbath except for old salted fish and anchovies in salt and Spanish mackerel⁸, for which rinsing is the end of preparation⁹.

footnotes: ⁶ Cooked or soaked in hot water. ⁷ Soaking is for an extended period, rinsing is short term. ⁷ Soaking is for an extended period, rinsing is short term. ⁸ Greek κολίας, -ου, τό. ⁹ Therefore this is biblically forbidden as “hitting with a hammer”.

MISHNAH: A person may break open an amphora¹⁰ to eat dried figs from it; only he may not intend to make it into a vessel. One does not drill a hole in the plug of an amphora, the words of Rebbi Jehudah¹¹, but Rebbi Yose permits. One may not drill a hole in its¹² side, and if it has a hole one may not close it with wax because he smears¹³. Rebbi Jehudah said, a case came before Rabbon Joḥanan ben Zakkai in Arab and he said, I fear that he incurred liability for a purification sacrifice¹⁴.

footnotes: ¹⁰ If the amphora is tightly closed with clay that sticks to its walls, one may open it by damaging the vessel even though the intent is for a positive action. ¹¹ He insists that the only way is to remove the entire cover, not to drill a hole into it. ¹² The cover’s side. ¹³ This is forbidden under the header “rubbing clean”, cf. Chapter 7, Note 5. ¹⁴ Cf. Chapter 16, Notes 133–137.

MISHNAH: One may put food in a cistern for preservation¹⁵, and potable water into bad one to cool, and cold water into hot to warm it. One whose garments became soaked on the road walks in them without worry¹⁶. If he comes to an outer courtyard he puts them out to dry in the sun¹⁷ but not in public¹⁸.

footnotes: ¹⁵ In all cases mentioned in this sentence, the materials to be cooled or warmed are in a separate container. ¹⁶ The water absorbed by his garments are part of the garment, not a load. ¹⁷ Even though drying by artificial means is forbidden. ¹⁸ That it should not look as if he washed on the Sabbath.

MISHNAH: One who bathes in the waters of a cave or in the waters of Tiberias dries himself even with ten towels¹⁹ “linen” (scil. cloth”. but may not bring them in his hand²⁰. But ten people dry with one towel their faces, and their hands, and their feet, and bring it in their hands²¹.

footnotes: ¹⁹ Latin linteum, -i, n., ²⁰ Even at a place where carrying is permitted, since one suspects that he will squeeze the water out of his towel. ²¹ If carrying is permitted at the place, a group may bring a single towel since they are many and can check on one another.

MISHNAH: One anoints and massages the belly but one does not exercise or scratch²². One does not go to a mud-bath²³, nor does one make an emetic²⁴ p. 279) notes “almost certainly this is ἐπὶ καταφυσᾶν” “to throw up”. on the Sabbath, nor does one stretch a baby, nor set a fracture. If somebody’s hand or foot became dislocated he cannot force it back with cold water but he may wash in his usual way and if this healed him, he was healed.

footnotes: ²² The latter are exertions inappropriate for the Sabbath. ²³ Greek πήλωμα, -ατος, τό, “mud”. ²⁴ S. Liebermann (Tosefta ki-Fshutah Šabbat