Leviticus Chapter 18
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וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying.
And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,
And the L-rd spoke to Moses, saying:
דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
Speak to Bnei Yisroel and say to them I am Adonoy, your God.
Speak to the children of Yisra᾽el, and say to them, I am the Lord your God.
Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: I am the L-rd your G-d [I am He who said in Sinai: "I am the L-rd your G-d," and you accepted My kingdom upon you; now accept My decrees.]
כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֧ה אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וּכְמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֶֽרֶץ־כְּנַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא אֶתְכֶ֥ם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ וּבְחֻקֹּתֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א תֵלֵֽכוּ׃
After the practice of the Land of Egypt in which you have lived, you shall not do, and the practice of the Land of Canaan, to which I am bringing you, you shall not do and you shall not follow their statutes [customs].
After the doings of the land of Miżrayim, in which you dwelt, shall you not do: and after the doings of the land of Kena῾an, into which I bring you, shall you not do: neither shall you walk in their practices.
As the deeds of the land of Egypt in which you dwelt you shall not do; and as the deeds of the land of Canaan, [(the Egyptians and Canaanites being the most corrupt of the peoples, and the place where Israel dwelt being the most corrupt of all)], to which I bring you [(those peoples conquered by Israel being the most corrupt of all)], you shall not do, and in their statutes [(i.e., in their customs, things which have become like "statutes" for them, like frequenting theaters and stadia)], you shall not walk.
אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֧י תַּעֲשׂ֛וּ וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
You shall fulfill My laws and you shall keep My statutes to follow them, I am Adonoy, your God.
You shall do my judgments, and keep my ordinances, to walk in them, I am the Lord your God.
My judgments shall you do [("judgments"): "just" things, which, even if they had not been stated, would have warranted observance)], and My statutes shall you keep to walk in them [("statutes"): decrees of the King, "questioned" by the evil inclination and by the nations of the world, such as (the interdictions against) the eating of pig and the wearing of sha'atnez (a mixture of wool and linen), and the purification effected by the waters of the red heifer. ("to walk in them"): Do not exempt yourself from them by saying: "I have learned the wisdom of Israel; I shall now go and learn the wisdom of the nations"]; I am the L-rd your G-d [My decree is upon you and you are not at liberty to exempt yourself from it.]
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה׃{ס}
You shall keep My statutes and My laws which if a man obeys he shall live through them; I am Adonoy.
You shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the Lord.
And you shall keep My statutes and My judgments [(including what may be deduced, though not explicitly stated)], which a man shall do, and he shall live by them [in the world to come]; I am the L-rd [trusted to reward].
אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ אֶל־כׇּל־שְׁאֵ֣ר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ לֹ֥א תִקְרְב֖וּ לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָ֑ה אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה׃{ס}
Each and every person—to any of his close kin—You shall not approach to uncover [their] nakedness, I am Adonoy.
None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to uncover her nakedness: I am the Lord.
A man, to all the kin of his flesh shall not draw near [(lo tikrevu, plural, women being exhorted as well as men)] to uncover nakedness (i.e., to cohabit); I am the L-rd [trusted to reward].
עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֛יךָ וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אִמְּךָ֣ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃{ס}
The nakedness of your father and the nakedness of your mother you shall not uncover; she is your mother, you shall not uncover her nakedness.
The nakedness of thy father, or the nakedness of thy mother, shalt thou not uncover: she is thy mother; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
The nakedness of your father [i.e., your father's wife] and the nakedness of your mother, [though she not be your father's wife], you shall not reveal. She is your mother; you shall not reveal her nakedness.
עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃{ס}
The nakedness of your fathers wife you shall not uncover; it is your fathers nakedness.
The nakedness of thy father’s wife shalt thou not uncover: it is thy father’s nakedness.
The nakedness of the wife of your father, [even after his death], you shall not reveal; it is your father's nakedness.
עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֽוֹתְךָ֤ בַת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת בַּ֔יִת א֖וֹ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת ח֑וּץ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽן׃{ס}
The nakedness of your sister [whether she is] your fathers daughter or your mothers daughter; whether she is born in the house, or she is born outside, you shall not uncover their nakedness.
The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or daughter of thy mother, whether she be born at home, or born abroad, their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.
The nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father, [even by a woman that he ravished], or the daughter of your mother, whether she be born [of a woman that he is permitted to keep] at home [as a wife], or born [of a woman that he is commanded to send] outside [such as a mamzereth or a nethinah] — you shall not uncover their nakedness.
עֶרְוַ֤ת בַּת־בִּנְךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַֽת־בִּתְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָ֑ן כִּ֥י עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ הֵֽנָּה׃{ס}
The nakedness of your sons daughter or your daughters daughter; you shall not uncover their nakedness, for their nakedness is your own.
The nakedness of thy son’s daughter, or of thy daughter’s daughter, their nakedness thou shalt not uncover: for theirs is thy own nakedness.
The nakedness of the daughter of your son [(even) by a woman that you ravished] or the daughter of your daughter [(even) by a woman that you ravished], you shall not reveal their nakedness; for they are your nakedness.
עֶרְוַ֨ת בַּת־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָבִ֙יךָ֙ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת אָבִ֔יךָ אֲחוֹתְךָ֖ הִ֑וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃{ס}
The nakedness of the daughter of your fathers wife who is born to your father; she is your sister, you shall not uncover her nakedness.
The nakedness of thy father’s wife’s daughter, begotten of thy father, she is thy sister, thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
The nakedness of the daughter of your father's wife, [one fit to be a "wife," not a bondswoman or a gentile], begotten of your father — she is your sister; you shall not reveal her nakedness.
עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחוֹת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה שְׁאֵ֥ר אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃{ס}
The nakedness of your fathers sister you shall not uncover; she is your fathers kin.
Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s sister: she is thy father’s near kinswoman.
The nakedness of the sister of your father you shall not reveal; she is the kin of your father.
עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחֽוֹת־אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה כִּֽי־שְׁאֵ֥ר אִמְּךָ֖ הִֽוא׃{ס}
The nakedness of your mothers sister you shall not uncover, for she is your mothers kin.
Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother’s sister: for she is thy mother’s near kinswoman.
The nakedness of the sister of your mother you shall not reveal; for she is the kin of your mother.
עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחִֽי־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶל־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְרָ֔ב דֹּדָֽתְךָ֖ הִֽוא׃{ס}
The nakedness of your fathers brother you shall not uncover. You shall not approach his wife, she is your aunt.
Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s brother, thou shalt not approach to his wife: she is thy aunt.
The nakedness of the brother of your father you shall not reveal; to his wife do not come near; she is your aunt.
עֶרְוַ֥ת כַּלָּֽתְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֵ֤שֶׁת בִּנְךָ֙ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃{ס}
The nakedness of your daughter-in-law you shall not uncover; she is your sons wife, you shall not uncover her nakedness.
Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy daughter in law: she is thy son’s wife; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
The nakedness of your daughter-in-law you shall not reveal. She is the wife of your son [("wife"): to exclude one he has ravished, a bondswoman, or a gentile]; you shall not reveal her nakedness.
עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃{ס}
The nakedness of your brothers wife you shall not uncover; it is your brothers nakedness.
Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother’s wife: it is thy brother’s nakedness.
The nakedness of the wife of your brother you shall not reveal; it is the nakedness of your brother.
עֶרְוַ֥ת אִשָּׁ֛ה וּבִתָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶֽת־בַּת־בְּנָ֞הּ וְאֶת־בַּת־בִּתָּ֗הּ לֹ֤א תִקַּח֙ לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ שַׁאֲרָ֥ה הֵ֖נָּה זִמָּ֥ה הִֽוא׃
The nakedness of a woman and her daughter you shall not uncover. The daughter of her son and the daughter of her daughter you shall not take to uncover her nakedness, they are kin; it is lewdness.
Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter, neither shalt thou take her son’s daughter, or her daughter’s daughter, to uncover her nakedness; for they are her near kinswomen: it is foulness.
The nakedness of a [(halachically) married] woman and her daughter you shall not uncover [(But one is permitted to marry the daughter of a woman he ravished)]. The daughter of her son and the daughter of her daughter you shall not take to reveal her nakedness. They are kin; it is scheming.
וְאִשָּׁ֥ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח לִצְרֹ֗ר לְגַלּ֧וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֛הּ עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּחַיֶּֽיהָ׃
You shall not take a woman and her sister to vex [her] to uncover her nakedness with the other, in her lifetime.
Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, as her rival, and uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her life time.
And a woman together with her sister you shall not take, to be rivals [i.e., to make one a rival to the other], to reveal her nakedness upon her in her lifetime [(If he divorced her, he may not marry her sister as long as she is alive.)]
וְאֶל־אִשָּׁ֖ה בְּנִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑הּ לֹ֣א תִקְרַ֔ב לְגַלּ֖וֹת עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃
To a woman while in her menstrual impurity, you shall not approach to uncover her nakedness.
Also thou shalt not approach to a woman in the impurity of her menstrual flow, to uncover her nakedness.
And to a woman in the niddah state of her uncleanliness, you shall not come near to reveal her nakedness.
וְאֶל־אֵ֙שֶׁת֙ עֲמִֽיתְךָ֔ לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכׇבְתְּךָ֖ לְזָ֑רַע לְטׇמְאָה־בָֽהּ׃
With your friends wife you shall not lie carnally, to defile yourself through her.
Moreover thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour’s wife, to defile thyself with her.
And to the wife of your neighbor do not give your lying for seed to become unclean to her.
וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֧א תְחַלֵּ֛ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃
You shall not hand over any of your children to be passed through [the worship of] Molech and you shall not defile the Name of your God, I am Adonoy.
And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through (the fire) to Molekh, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the Lord.
And from your seed you shall not give [to the priests of Molech (a kind of idolatry)] to pass [between two large pyres] to Molech. And you shall not desecrate the name of your G-d; I am the L-rd.
וְאֶ֨ת־זָכָ֔ר לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֑ה תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא׃
You shall not lie with a male [conjugally] as one lies with a woman; it is an abomination.
Thou shalt not lie with a man after the manner of a woman: it is abomination.
And with a male you shall not lie the lyings of a woman; it is an abomination.
וּבְכׇל־בְּהֵמָ֛ה לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכׇבְתְּךָ֖ לְטׇמְאָה־בָ֑הּ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה לֹֽא־תַעֲמֹ֞ד לִפְנֵ֧י בְהֵמָ֛ה לְרִבְעָ֖הּ תֶּ֥בֶל הֽוּא׃
Together with any animal you shall not lie [conjugally] to defile yourself with it. A woman shall not stand before an animal to copulate with it; it is defilement.
Neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyself with it: neither shall any woman stand before a beast to lie down before it: it is perversion.
And with every beast do not give your lying to become unclean with it. And a woman shall not stand before a beast to mount her; it is dissolute.
אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכׇל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכׇל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃
Do not defile yourselves in any one of these [ways], for in all of these [ways] the nations have become defiled [those] that I am driving away from before you.
Defile not yourselves in any of these things: for in all these the nations were defiled which I cast out before you:
You shall not become unclean with all of these. For with all of these the nations became unclean, which I am sending away before you.
וַתִּטְמָ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ וָאֶפְקֹ֥ד עֲוֺנָ֖הּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃
The land became defiled and I judged its iniquities upon it and the land expelled its inhabitants.
and the land was defiled: therefore I do punish its iniquity upon it, and the land vomits out her inhabitants.
And the land became unclean, and I visited its sin upon it, and the land vomited out its inhabitants.
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּ֗ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃
You shall adhere to My statutes and to My laws and not do any of these abominations [both] the native born and the proselyte who resides among you.
You shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, and shall not commit any of these abominations; neither any of your own nation, nor any stranger that sojourns among you:
And you shall keep My statutes and My judgments, and you shall not do any of these abominations, the citizen and the stranger that sojourns among you.
כִּ֚י אֶת־כׇּל־הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔ל עָשׂ֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַתִּטְמָ֖א הָאָֽרֶץ׃
For all of these abominations were done by the people of the land who came before you and the land became defiled.
for all these abominations have the men of the land done, who were before you, and the land is defiled;
For all of these abominations were done by the people of the land which were before you, and the land became unclean.
וְלֹֽא־תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם בְּטַֽמַּאֲכֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָאָ֛ה אֶת־הַגּ֖וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃
[So that] the land not expel you when you defile it as it expelled the nation before you.
that the land vomit not you out also, when you defile it, as it has vomited out the nations that were before you.
So that the land not vomit you out by your making it unclean, as it vomited out the nation that was before you.
כִּ֚י כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃
For anyone who will do any of these abominations, their souls shall be cut off, those who do these things, from among their people.
For whoever shall commit any of these abominations, even the persons that commit them shall be cut off from among their people.
For all who do any of these abominations, the souls [(male and female are implied)] that do so shall be cut off from the midst of their people.
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֗י לְבִלְתִּ֨י עֲשׂ֜וֹת מֵחֻקּ֤וֹת הַתּֽוֹעֵבֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשׂ֣וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃{פ}
You shall keep my watch that you shall not do any of the abominable customs that were done before you and you will not defile yourselves through them. I am Adonoy, your God.
Therefore shall you keep my ordinance, that you commit not any one of these abominable customs, which were practised before you, and that you defile not yourselves in them: I am the Lord your God.
And you shall keep My keeping [(beth-din being exhorted thereto)], not to do in the manner of the abominations that were done before you, and you shall not become unclean in them; I am the L-rd your G-d [(But if you defile yourselves, then I am not your G-d, and how do you then avail Me?)]