אֵלּוּ עֶשֶׂר מַכּוֹת These ten plagues, are avot, primary categories,¹⁴³, “Fathers' ' as opposed to the Toledot, literally, “Offspring. These terms are used in relation to the primary prohibitions on Shabbat as opposed to the secondary acts which are similar to them but also different. for all the other plagues which the Holy One brought upon the Egyptians in Egypt. There are toledot, or derivatives**,** as Rabbis Eliezer and Akiva show.¹⁴⁴ and Toledot - literally Fathers and Offspring. These words are used in a variety of settings to define primary acts and their derivatives, such as the 39 Avot Melachot which are forbidden on the Sabbath, each one having toledot, derivative acts that are similar to but not the same as the primary forbidden acts. One says there are three derivatives for one and the other says there are four derivatives for each primary plague.¹⁴⁵ What they have in common is both rabbis believe there are derivatives for primary plagues. Rabbi Eliezer does not include apo, “His anger,” among the derivatives for individual plagues. Possibly he thought that the attribute of “anger” was included in all of the plagues that afflicted the Egyptians; that is, that God, the blessed one, used it to punish them according to the literal meaning of Scripture. “He inflicted His burning anger upon them.” (Ps. 78:49) Rabbi Akiva thought that just as “a band of deadly messengers.” (Ps. Ibid) refers to an individual plague which God brought about, so too was there a destroying angel, whose name was af, “Anger”one that he brought about. Thus, according to this, Rabbi Akiva believed that there were five categories of destroying angels, each one different from the other, while Rabbi Eliezer thought there was one angel who brought about four plagues. We will now explicate them.¹⁴⁶

footnotes: ¹⁴³ Literally it is Avot ¹⁴⁴ Avot ¹⁴⁵ “He inflicted (5) His burning anger upon them, (1) wrath, (2) indignation, (3) trouble, (4) a band of deadly messengers. (Ps 78:49) This is the order in which Rabbi Foa presents them. ¹⁴⁶ Thus, according to Rabbi Eliezer there are five derivatives: “God inflicted (1) His burning anger upon them, (2) wrath, (3) indignation, (4)trouble a band of deadly messengers.” - “Burning anger” and “trouble a band of deadly messengers are each. Are each a subcategory unto themselves. For Rabbi Akiva there are five derivatives: “He inflicted (1) His burning (2) anger upon them, (3)wrath, (4) indignation, (5) trouble, a band of deadly messengers.