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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Bereshit

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ד"א וירא ה'. זש"ה יש רעה ראיתי תחת השמש (קהלת י ה), אמר הקב"ה ראו מה עשו הרשעים הללו, שתי בריות אני עשיתי באדם, יצר טוב ויצר הרע, שנא' עיר קטנה ואנשים בה מעט (שם ט יד), עיר קטנה זה הגוף, ואנשים בה מעט, אילו אברים, ובא אליה מלך גדול (שם), זה יצר הרע, ובנה עליה מצודים גדולים (שם), אלו חטאות, ומצא בה איש מסכן (וחכם) [חכם] (שם טו), זה יצר טוב, ומלט הוא את העיר בחכמתו (שם שם), שהוא מביא את האדם לחיים, ואדם לא זכר וגו' (שם), זה דור המבול, שלא קבלו עליהם יצר טוב.

Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension; trans. by John T. Townsend, 1989.

Another interpretation (of Gen. 6:5): AND THE LORD SAW: This text is related (to Eccl. 10:5): THERE IS AN EVIL WHICH I HAVE SEEN UNDER THE SUN. The Holy One said: See what these evil ones have done! I made two natures in people, a good drive and an evil drive. Thus it is stated (in Eccl. 9:14): THERE WAS A LITTLE CITY WITH FEW PEOPLE IN IT.¹⁰⁹ A SMALL CITY: This is the body. WITH FEW PEOPLE IN IT: These are its members. (Ibid., cont.:) AND A GREAT KING CAME AGAINST IT: This king is the evil drive. (Ibid., cont.:) AND BUILT GREAT SIEGE WORKS AGAINST IT: These are sins. (Ibid., vs. 15:) NOW THERE WAS FOUND IN IT A [POOR WISE] PERSON {WHO WAS POOR, WILLING, AND WISE}. This one is the good drive. (Ibid., cont:) AND HE DELIVERED THE CITY BY HIS WISDOM, in that it brings a person to life. (Ibid., cont:) BUT NO ONE THOUGHT ABOUT THAT POOR PERSON : This is the generation of the flood who did not accept the good drive for themselves.

footnotes: ¹⁰⁹ Eccl. R. 9:14/15:8; below, 11:1.