There are those that raise [i.e. that count towards the measure of it waters to reach forty se'ah, to complete] a mikveh [a gathering of water collected by natural means and immersed in for purification] and do not invalidate it, [those that] invalidate but do not raise, [and those that] do not invalidate and do not raise. These raise and do not invalidate: snow, and hail, and frost, and ice, and salt, and mud that can be poured. Rabbi Akiva says: Rabbi Yishmael would rule against me, saying, "Snow does not raise a mikveh." But the people of Midva testified in his name that he said to them, "Go out and bring snow to make a mikveh from the outset." Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says: A hailstone is like water. How do these raise and not invalidate? If there is a mikveh containing forty se'ah [a specific unit of volume] less one, and a se'ah [of one] of these fell into it, and raised it [to be a complete mikveh containing forty se'ah], we find thus that these raise and do not invalidate.

These invalidate and do not raise: [drawn] waters, whether pure or impure, and picking waters, and waters in which foods were boiled, and inferior wine [made by fermenting grape residue steeped in water] that has not yet fermented. How do they invalidate and not raise? If there is a mikveh containing forty se'ah less one kortov [A minute volume measure], and one kortov [of one] of these fell into it, it has not raised it [to be a full forty se'ah and thus a complete mikveh]; and three log of it [of any of these] would invalidate [such a mikveh]. But the remaining liquids [such as oils and wines], and fruit juices, and juices of salted fish, and fish brine, and inferior wine once it has fermented, [all of these] at times raise [a mikveh to be complete] and at times do not raise. How so? If there is a mikveh containing forty se'ah less one, and a se'ah [of one] of these fell into it, it has not raised it [to be complete]. If it contained forty se'ah [at the outset], and one added a se'ah [of one of these] and [then] took out a se'ah, it is thereby valid.

If one rinsed baskets of olives or baskets of grapes in it [in a mikveh] and they changed its appearance, it is valid. Rabbi Yose says: dyed waters invalidate it if there are three log of them, but they do not invalidate it due to a change in appearance. If wine or olive juices fell into it and they changed its appearance, it is invalid. What should one do [in such a case]? One should wait until it rains and its appearance returns to that of water. If it contained forty se'ah [of valid waters], one can fill [water] by one's shoulder [i.e. drawn waters which one carried over] and add them into it, until its appearance returns to that of water.

If wine or olive juices fell into it, and they changed its appearance in part [i.e. the appearance of part of the mikveh was changed], if it does not contain forty se'ah that have the appearance of water, one should thereby not immerse in it.

If there are three log of [drawn] water, and a kortov of wine fell into them, and their appearance is thereby like that of wine, and they [that mixture] fell into a mikveh [containing fewer than forty se'ah], they have not rendered it invalid [as drawn waters, since their appearance is that of wine]. If there are three log of water less one kortov, and a kortov of milk fell into them, and their appearance is thereby [still] like that of water, and they fell into a mikveh, they have not rendered it invalid [since there is still less than three log, of drawn water]. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says: everything follows the appearance.

Regarding a mikveh containing precisely forty se'ah, if two people descended and immersed [in it], one after the other, the first is pure, and the second is impure. Rabbi Yehuda says: if the feet of the first were touching the water [while the second was immersing], even the second is pure. If one immersed a thick wool coat [which absorbs a lot of water] in it, and raised it out, if a small part of it is touching the water [and another person then comes and immerses,] he is pure. Regarding a leather pillow or cushion, once one raised their edges out of the water, the water within them is [considered] drawn. What should one do [in such a case]? One should immerse them and raise them out by their undersides.

If one immerses a bed in it [in a mikveh containing precisely forty se'ah], even if its legs sink into thick mud [at the bottom of the mikveh, which is not counted as part of its waters] it is pure, because the waters precede it. If the waters of a mikveh are shallow [such that one cannot immerse one's whole body at once], one may weigh down even bundles of wood or bundles of reeds [with weights, on one side of the mikveh,] so that the waters will rise, and then he can descend and immerse. Regarding a [impure] needle on the steps of a cavern [which houses a mikveh], if one was moving the waters back and forth [by stirring the waters around with one's hands or feet], once a wave passes over it [the needle], it is pure.