Akhnai: It is the way of a snake to make [itself] into a circle, to place its tail inside its mouth.

All the ritually pure items deemed pure by Rabbi Eliezer: As a result of an incident that occurred, there was an inquiry about this law in the study hall - that ritual impurity fell into the space of this oven, and they then prepared pure foods on top of it. And Rabbi Eliezer deemed them pure; but they brought them and burned them before him.

He wore black: This is a matter (an indication) of distress and mourning.

He too, rent his garments: As one excommunicated is obligated to tear.

And removed his shoes: Since one excommunicated is forbidden to wear shoes. This is in Moed Katan (15b).

And he dropped: From the chair.

Spoiled: Went bad.

Great anger: A great plague.

Rabban Gamliel: He was the leader (nassi). And [this] was done by his [command].

So that disputes will not proliferate: So that an individual will not accustom himself to disagree with the many.

Imma Shalom: That was her name.

A full [month] and a deficient [month]: She reasoned that it would be a deficient month and the ratification [of the incoming month] would be on the thirtieth day, so that he would not lower his head. But it was full and they did not ratify it until the thirty-first day; so she was not careful about him on the thirtieth day and he lowered his head.

From the house of the father of my father: From the house of the patriarch of the family. As she was the daughter of leaders (nesiim), and they are from the House of David.

Except for the gates of mistreatment: Since [it refers to] the pain of the heart; and it is close to [causing] tears to come down.