Rashi on Ezekiel Chapter 7
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בָּא הַקֵּץ. שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי ״וְנוֹשַׁנְתֶּם בָּאָרֶץ וְהִשְׁחַתֶּם וְגוֹ׳״, ״הַעִידֹתִי בָכֶם הַיּוֹם כִּי אָבֹד תֹּאבֵדוּן״ (דברים ד:כה-כו); ״וְנוֹשַׁנְתֶּם״ – בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא שְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת חֲמִשִּׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם, וְהֵם נִשְׁתַּהוּ בָהּ שְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים: אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וְאַרְבָּעִים מִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסוּ לָהּ עַד שֶׁנִּבְנָה הַבַּיִת (מלכים א ו:א; במדבר יד:לג-לד), וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וְעֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים עָמַד הַבַּיִת (יומא ט.):
The end has come Because I had said (Deut. 4:25): “and you will have grown old (וְנוֹשַּׁנְתֶּם) in the land, and you will practice corruption, etc., so that you will be lost.” [The word] וְנוֹשַּׁנְתֶּם has the numerical value of 852, but they stayed there for [only] 850 years: 440 from the time they entered it until the Temple was built, and [then] the Temple stood 410 years.
רָעָה אַחַת רָעָה. רָעָה שְׁלֵימָה וּמְיֻחֶדֶת, לְמַעְלָה מִכָּל הָרָעוֹת, וְהוּא חֻרְבַּן הַבַּיִת:
An evil, a singular evil Heb. רָעָה אַחַתרָעָה, a total, special evil, worse than all evils; that is the destruction of the Temple.
הִנֵּה בָאָה. טַעְמוֹ בָּאָלֶ״ף, הוּא לְשׁוֹן פּוֹעֶלֶת:
behold it comes Heb. בָאָה. Its accent is on the ‘aleph.’ It is in the present tense.
בָּאָה הַצְּפִירָה. טַעְמוֹ לְמַעְלָה בַּבֵּי״ת, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן פָּעֲלָה: כְּבָר בָּאָה הַצְּפִירָה – כְּמוֹ בָּא וְשָׁקַע מְאוֹר הַשַּׁחַר וְהַתִּפְאֶרֶת בָּא:
The dawn has set Heb. בָּאָה הַצְפִירָה. Its accent is at the beginning of the word, and it is in the past tense. The צְפִירָה has already set. The light of the dawn and the glory has already set.
וְלֹא הֵד הָרִים. ״וְלָא לְאִשְׁתֵּיזָבָא בְּמִצְדֵי טוּרַיָּא״, וְהֵד – לְשׁוֹן צַעֲקַת הַכְרָזָה לָקוּם לִבְרוֹחַ אֶל רָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים, כְּמוֹ ״הֵידָד הִשְׁבַּתִּי״ (ישעיה טז:י), ״וְעָנוּ עָלֶיךָ הֵידָד״ (ירמיה נא:יד), הַשְׁמָעַת קוֹל נוֹשֵׂא מַשָּׂא עֲנָבִים אֶל הַגַּת וְטוֹעֲנֵי הַקּוֹרָה:
and not the shout of the mountains [Jonathan renders:] And not to escape into the strongholds of the mountains. [The word] הֵד means the cry of the announcement to rise and flee to the mountaintops, like (Isa. 16: 10): “the shout [of joy] (הֵידָד) have I abolished.” Also (Jer. 51:1): “and they shall raise a battle-cry (הֵידָד) against you.” The shout of those who carry the load of grapes to the winepress and those who load on the beam.
מִקָּרוֹב. בִּמְהֵרָה:
Speedily Heb. מקרוב, [lit. from close.] Quickly.
הִנֵּה הַיּוֹם. הִנֵּה בָּא הַיּוֹם:
Behold the day Behold the day has come.
הִנֵּה בָאָה. הָרָעָה:
behold it is coming The evil.
יָצְאָה הַצְּפִירָה. עָלָה הַשַּׁחַר שֶׁל יוֹם הָרָעָה:
the dawn has gone forth The dawn of the day of the evil.
צָץ הַמַּטֶּה. לְהַכּוֹת אֶתְכֶם:
the staff has budded to strike you.
פָּרַח הַזָּדוֹן. נִתְגַּלָּה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר הָרָשָׁע:
the willful wickedness has blossomed The wicked Nebuchadnezzar has revealed himself.
הֶחָמָס קָם וְגוֹ׳. הֶחָמָס אֲשֶׁר בְּיֶדְכֶם הוּא קָם עֲלֵיכֶם לְמַטֵּה רֶשַׁע לְשַׁחֶתְכֶם:
The violence has arisen, etc. The violence in your hands has risen upon you as a staff of wickedness to destroy you.
לֹא מֵהֶם. כָּךְ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַמַּשְׁחִית: אֵינְךָ זָקוּק לְהַשְׁאִיר נֶפֶשׁ מֵרִשְׁעֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, כִּי אֵין טוֹבָה יוֹצֵאת לֹא מֵהֶם וְלֹא מִבְּנֵיהֶם וְלֹא מֵהֲמוֹנָם:
neither from them So said the Holy One, blessed be He, to the Destroyer: You are not required to spare a soul [from the wicked of Israel], for no good will come from them or from their children or from their multitude.
וְלֹא נֹהַּ בָּהֶם. אֵין בָּהֶם נוֹהֶה אַחֲרַי, מְגַעְגֵּעַ וְנוֹתֵן לֵב אֵלַי; כְּמוֹ ״וַיִּנָּהוּ כָּל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֲרֵי ה׳״ (שמואל א ז:ב), וְלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי הוּא: ״וְאִתְנְהִיאוּ לְפוּלְחָנָא״, לְשׁוֹן תַּאֲוָה וְגִעְגּוּעִין. וּמְנַחֵם חִבְּרוֹ לְשׁוֹן יְלָלָה, וְכֵן ״וַיִּנָּהוּ כָּל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל״ פֵּרֵשׁ לְשׁוֹן יְלָלָה, וְאֵין בַּתֵּבָה רַק ה״א יְסוֹד:
and no one among them longs No one among them longs or gives thought to Me, as in (I Sam. 7:2): “and all the house of Israel longed (וַיִנָהוּ) for the Lord.” This is an Aramaism: “And they longed (וְאִתְנְהִיאוּ) for My worship,” an expression of desire and longing. Menachem (p. 69) associated it with יללה, an expression of wailing, and the word retains only the ‘hey’ as a radical.
וְהַמּוֹכֵר אַל יִתְאַבָּל. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ הַמּוֹכֵר שָׂדֵהוּ לִהְיוֹת עָצֵב, אַל יִתְעַצֵּב, כִּי סוֹפְכֶם לִגְלוֹת:
neither will the seller mourn Although one who sells his field usually grieves, he will not grieve because you are destined to go into exile.
כִּי הַמּוֹכֵר אֶל הַמִּמְכָּר לֹא יָשׁוּב. כְּשֶׁיִּגְלֶה בַּגּוֹלָה לֹא יָשׁוּב וְיִרְאֶה עוֹד הַשָּׂדֶה שֶׁמָּכַר, וְלָמָּה יִתְאַבֵּל?
For the seller will not return to that which was sold Once he goes into exile, he will not return and will no longer see the field that he had sold; so why should he mourn?
וְעוֹד בַּחַיִּים חַיָּתָם. כָּל יְמֵי חַיֵּיהֶם לֹא יָשׁוּבוּ אֶל מְקוֹמָם:
as long as they are alive All the days of their lives they will not return to their place.
כִּי חָזוֹן אֶל כָּל הֲמוֹנָהּ וגו׳. ״אֲרֵי נְבִיָּיא מִתְנַבְּן עַל כָּל אַתְרְגוּשְׁתְהוֹן לְמֵיתַב בִּתְיוּבְתָּא וְלָא תַּיְיבִין״ (תרגום יונתן):
for when the prophecy was [directed] to all her multitude, etc. For the prophets prophesy concerning all their multitude to repent, but they do not repent.
וְאִישׁ בַּעֲוֹנוֹ חַיָּתוֹ. כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶם חַיָּתוֹ וְנַפְשׁוֹ דְּבוּקָה בַּעֲוֹנוֹ:
and each man’s soul is in his iniquity The life and soul of every one of them is attached to his iniquity.
לֹא יִתְחַזָּקוּ. לֹא יְחַזְּקוּ לִבָּם עַל יִצְרָם הָרָע לָשׁוּב לְתוֹרָתָם:
they do not strengthen themselves They do not strengthen their heart over their evil inclination, to return to their Torah.
תָּקְעוּ בַתָּקוֹעַ. כְּשֶׁיָּבֹא עֲלֵיהֶם הַצַּר הֵכִינוּ עַצְמָם לַמִּלְחָמָה, וְאֵין יוֹצֵא לְהִלָּחֵם:
They sound the shofar When the enemy comes upon them, they prepare themselves for war, but no one will go out to fight.
כְּיוֹנֵי הַגֵּאָיוֹת. דֶּרֶךְ הַיּוֹנִים לְהִקָּבֵץ בַּגֵּאָיוֹת וְהוֹמוֹת שָׁם; וְהָיוּ הוֹמִים אֶל הֶהָרִים אֲשֶׁר יָנוּסוּ שָׁם אִישׁ בַּעֲוֹנוֹ, כְּיוֹנֵי הַגֵּאָיוֹת אֲשֶׁר כֻּלָּם הֹמוֹת:
like the doves of the valleys It is customary for doves to congregate in the valleys and moan there. They [the survivors] will moan on the mountains, where they will flee, each one for his iniquity, like the doves of the valleys, which all moan.
תֵּלַכְנָה מָּיִם. מִזִּיעַת אֵימָה:
will go [like] water from the sweat of fright.
לְנִדָּה יִהְיֶה. לְשִׁקּוּץ יִהְיֶה לָהֶם:
will be repugnant It will be disgusting for them.
וְצְבִי עֶדְיוֹ. שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֲשֶׁר לְגָאוֹן שָׂמָהוּ לָהֶם, הוּא בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ שֶׁנִּקְרָא גְּאוֹן עֻזָּם, כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״הִנְנִי מְחַלֵּל אֶת מִקְדָּשִׁי גְּאוֹן עֻזְּכֶם״ (יחזקאל כד:כא), הֵם גִּלּוּלֵי תוֹעֲבוֹת עָשׂוּ בוֹ עַל כֵּן וְגוֹ׳:
And the beauty of His adornment of the Holy One, blessed be He, that He made for their pride. This is the Temple, called the pride of their might, as it is said (24:21): “Behold I profane My sanctuary, the pride of Your might.” They made in it the images of their abominations, therefore, etc.
אֶת צְפוּנִי. אֶת הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁהָיִיתִי צָפוּן שָׁם בֵּינֵיהֶם:
My secret place The place where I was hidden among them.
עֲשֵׂה הָרַתּוֹק. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת, אוֹת הוּא שֶׁיֵּלְכוּ בַּגּוֹלָה אֲסוּרִים בְּזִיקִים:
Make the chain Heb. הָרַתּוֹק, the chain. It is a symbolic sign that they will go into exile bound in fetters.
מִשְׁפַּט דָּמִים. ״חַיָּבֵי קְטוֹל״ (תרגום יונתן):
crimes of bloodshed [lit. judgment of blood. Targum renders:] Crimes deserving of death.
רָעֵי גוֹיִם. רָעִים שֶׁבְּעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת וְאַכְזָרִים:
the most wicked of the nations Heb. רָעֵי גוֹיִם. The most wicked and cruel of the nations.
וְנִחֲלוּ. וְיִתְנַחֲלוּ לַאֲחֵרִים:
and they will deliver as an inheritance Heb. וְנִחֲלוּ, they will give over to others as an inheritance.
מְקַדְּשֵׁיהֶם. בָּתֵּי הֵיכַל הַבָּמוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ נוֹעָדִים שָׁם, לְשׁוֹן בֵּית זִמּוּנָם:
their meeting places Heb. מְקַדְשֵׁיהֶם. The temples of the high places, where they would gather at appointed times; an expression of a house of their appointment.
קְפָדָה בָּא. כְּמוֹ ״קִפַּדְתִּי כָאֹרֵג חַיַּי״ (ישעיהו לח:יב), לְשׁוֹן כְּרִיתָה:
A cutting off comes Heb. קְפָדָה like (Isa. 38:12): “I severed (קִפַּדְתִּי) like a weaver, my life”; a term denoting cutting off.
הוֹוָה עַל הוֹוָה. מְאוֹרָע עַל מְאוֹרָע, הֲוָיָה אַחַר הֲוָיָה. וּמְנַחֵם חִבְּרוֹ לְשׁוֹן שֶׁבֶר:
Happening upon happening Heb. הוָֹה עַל-הוָֹה, happening upon happening, being after being. Menachem (p. 70) associated it to a term for a breach.
וְתוֹרָה תֹּאבַד מִכֹּהֵן. הָרְגִילִים בְּהוֹרָאָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְתוֹרָה יְבַקְשׁוּ מִפִּיהוּ״ (מלאכי ב:ז):
and instruction will be lost from a priest who usually gave instruction, as is said (Mal. 2:7): “and teaching should be sought from his mouth.”