Rashi on I Chronicles Chapter 14
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וַיִּשְׁלַח חִירָם מֶלֶךְ צוֹר. מְפֹרָשׁ בִּבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה פה:ד): לָמוּד הָיָה הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה לִהְיוֹת אוֹהֵב לְשֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה; כֵּן עָשָׂה חִירָה הָעֲדֻלָּמִי לִיהוּדָה (בראשית לח:יב):
And Hiram the king of Tyre sent It is explained in Genesis Rabbah (85:4): “This man was accustomed to being friendly to the tribe of Judah; so was Hirah the Adullamite to Judah.
וְחָרָשֵׁי קִיר וְחָרָשֵׁי עֵצִים. אֻמָּנִים:
and masons and carpenters craftsmen.
וַיֵּדַע דָּוִיד כִּי הֱכִינוֹ ה׳ לְמֶלֶךְ. כְּשֶׁרָאָה שֶׁשָּׁלְחוּ לוֹ מַלְכֵי עַמִּים תְּשׁוּרוֹת:
And David knew that the Lord had established him as king when he saw that the kings of the nations sent him gifts.
וַיִּקַּח דָּוִיד וְגוֹ׳. וְכָל זֶה חָזְקוֹ שֶׁל דָּוִד:
and David took All this was David’s strength.
וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים כִּי נִמְשַׁח דָּוִיד לְמֶלֶךְ עַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעֲלוּ כָל פְּלִשְׁתִּים. לְפִי שֶׁפְּלִשְׁתִּים הָיוּ מוֹשְׁלִים כָּל הַיָּמִים עַד שֶׁבָּא שָׁאוּל וְדָוִד, כְּדִכְתִיב בְּשִׁמְשׁוֹן ״וַיֹּאמְרוּ לְשִׁמְשׁוֹן הֲלֹא יָדַעְתָּ כִּי מֹשְׁלִים בָּנוּ פְּלִשְׁתִּים״ (שופטים טו:יא), וְכֵן ״הִתְחַזְּקוּ וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים פְּלִשְׁתִּים פֶּן תַּעַבְדוּ לָעִבְרִים כַּאֲשֶׁר עָבְדוּ לָכֶם וְגוֹ׳״ (שמואל א ד:ט), וְכֵן לְמַעְלָה בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ ״וַיִּרְאוּ כָל אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגוֹמֵר וַיַּעַזְבוּ עָרֵיהֶם וַיָּנוּסוּ וַיָּבֹאוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בָּהֶם״ (דברי הימים א י:ז). בְּאוֹתָן שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים שֶׁמָּלַךְ דָּוִד בְּחֶבְרוֹן לְבַד לֹא אָמְרוּ דָּבָר וְלֹא חָשְׁשׁוּ עַל שֶׁמָּלַךְ דָּוִד עַל חֶבְרוֹן, כִּי אָמְרוּ מַה לָּנוּ שֶׁמָּא נְצִיב אוֹ שַׂר מִנָּהוּ לְדָוִד עַל חֶבְרוֹן; אֲבָל כְּשֶׁנִּמְשַׁח לְמֶלֶךְ עַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אָז עָלוּ כָל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּים לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת דָּוִד, שֶׁלֹּא רָצוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא מֶלֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, אֶלָּא שֶׁעוֹד הֵם יִהְיוּ מוֹשְׁלִים עֲלֵיהֶם:
And the Philistines heard that David had been anointed king over all Israel, and all the Philistines went up because the Philistines had been ruling all the time until Saul and David came, as it is written (Jud. 15:11) concerning Samson: “Did you not know that the Philistines rule over us?” And likewise, (I Samuel 4:9): “Strengthen yourselves and become men, you Philistines, lest you serve the Hebrews, as they served you, etc.” Likewise, above in this portion (10:7): “And all the men of Israel saw, etc. and they abandoned their cities and fled, and the Philistines came and settled in them.” And in those seven years that David reigned in Hebron alone they did not say a word, and they were not concerned that David reigned over Hebron, because they said, “What do we care? Perhaps a governor or an officer appointed David over Hebron.” But when he was anointed king over all Israel, the Philistines all went up to seek David, for they did not want there to be a king in Israel, but that they should continue ruling over them.
וַיִּשְׁאַל דָּוִיד בֵּאלֹהִים. עַל יְדֵי אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים:
And David inquired of God through the Urim and Tummim.
וַיַּעֲלוּ בְּבַעַל פְּרָצִים. שֶׁנִּקְרָא אַחֲרֵי כֵן בַּעַל פְּרָצִים עַל שֵׁם מַעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר פָּרַץ הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת אוֹיְבָיו בְּיָדוֹ, שֶׁנָּסוּ וְנִפְרְצוּ זֶה מֵעַל זֶה:
And they went up to Baal-Perazim which was later called Baal-Perazim because of the incident that occurred there. God has broken my enemies in my hand meaning that they fled and were broken off from one another.
כְּפֶרֶץ מָיִם. כְּגַלֵּי מַיִם שֶׁנִּפְרָצִים מִמְּקוֹמָם וְנוֹפְלִים לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר:
like a breach of waters like waves of water that break from their place and fall somewhere else.
הָסֵב מֵעֲלֵיהֶם. אָמְרָה מִדַּת הַדִּין לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, לָמָּה הֶעֱבַרְתָּ אֶת שָׁאוּל מִלִּפְנֵי דָוִד? אָמַר לָהּ: עַל שֶׁלֹּא הִמְתִּין לִשְׁמוּאֵל שִׁבְעַת יָמִים כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּהוּ (שמואל א יג:ח-יד); אָמַר לָהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: אֲנַסֶּה עַתָּה אֶת דָּוִד: הָסֵב מֵעֲלֵיהֶם וְגוֹ׳; וְכָל זֶה שָׁמַר דָּוִד (שוחר טוב כז:ב):
circle them The Divine Standard of Justice said to the Omnipresent, “Lord of the universe, why did You dismiss Saul for David?” [God] replied, “Because he did not wait seven days for Samuel as he had commanded him” [as in I Sam. 13:8–14]. The Holy One, blessed be He, said [further], “Now I shall test David: Circle them.” And David observed this.