Rashi on I Samuel Chapter 16
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בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי. בְּבֵית לֶחֶם, וְכֵן דֶּרֶךְ כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ בִּשְׁתֵּי תֵיבוֹת, כְּמוֹ: בֵּית לֶחֶם, בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ, בֵּית אֵל, קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע, אִם בָּא לְהָטִיל בּוֹ הֵ״א, מֵטִיל בֵּין שְׁתֵּי הַתֵּיבוֹת, כְּגוֹן: קִרְיַת הָאַרְבַּע, בֵּית הָאֵלִי, בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי:
The Beis Lechemite. From Beis Lechem. The rule of every noun composed of two words, e.g., Beis Lechem, Beis Shemesh, Beis Eil, Kiryas Arba, if one wishes to add a 'ה' he adds it between the two words, e.g., Kiryas Ha'arba,¹ Beis Ha'Eili,² Beis Ha'lachmi.
footnotes: ¹ Bereishis 35:27. ² I Melachim 16:34.
וַיֶּחֶרְדוּ. מִהֲרוּ לָצֵאת לִקְרָאתוֹ:
Hurried. Hurried out toward him.³
footnotes: ³ The elders of the city who saw Shmuel approaching hurried out toward him thinking that they had committed a grave sin and that was why he was coming to their city. Therefore, Shmuel was asked whether he was coming in peace.—Radak
וַיֹּאמֶר אַךְ נֶגֶד ה׳ מְשִׁיחוֹ. וַיֹּאמֶר בְּלִבּוֹ, אַךְ אֱמֶת הוּא זֶה:
He said, "Surely, before Adonoy is His annointed." He said to himself, 'Surely, it is true that this one is fitting for the kingship.'
אַל תַּבֵּט אֶל מַרְאֵהוּ. אֶל יוֹפִי תָּאֳרוֹ:
Do not look at his appearance. Upon the beauty of his stature.
כִּי מְאַסְתִּיהוּ. לְפִי שֶׁכַּעְסָן הוּא, כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א יז:כח): ״וַיִּחַר אַף אֱלִיאָב בְּדָוִד״:
For I have rejected him. Because he is a quick tempered person, as it is stated, 'And Eliov became angry with Dovid.'⁴
footnotes: ⁴ Below 17:28. Also, see Maseches Pesachim 66b, that Eliov actually possessed the qualities of a king but ‘ה rejected him because he had a bad temper.
כִּי לֹא אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקָּרָאתָ לְעַצְמְךָ רוֹאֶה, שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ לְשָׁאוּל (שמואל א ט:יט): ״אָנֹכִי הָרוֹאֶה״, כָּאן אֲנִי מוֹדִיעֲךָ שֶׁאֵינְךָ רוֹאֶה:
For it is not as man perceives it. Even though you called yourself a seer, when you said to Shaul, 'I am the seer,'⁵ here I am informing you that you do not see.
footnotes: ⁵ Above 9:19. ה׳ punished Shmuel for inferring albeit an infinitesimal of pride by saying “I am the seer.” Moshe was similarly punished for saying “the matter that will be too difficult for you, present to me and I will hear it.” [Devarim 1:17]—Sifre, Devarim 1:17
וַיַּעֲבֵר יִשַׁי שַׁמָּה. הוּא שַׁמְעָא:
Yishay brought Shammoh. That is שַׁמְעָא.⁶
footnotes: ⁶ I.e. שַׁמְעָא = שַׁמׇּה See II Shmuel 21:21 and I Divrei Hayomim 2:13.
שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן. נִשְׁאַר הַקָּטָן:
The youngest one is still left. The youngest one is left.
לֹא נָסֹב. לֹא נֵשֵׁב לֶאֱכוֹל, כָּל מוֹשַׁב סְעוּדָה קְרוּיָה הֲסִבָּה:
We will not sit. We will not sit to eat; every instance of sitting for a meal is called הֲסִבׇּה [leaning].
וַתִּצְלַח רוּחַ ה׳. רוּחַ גְּבוּרָה:
And a spirit of Adonoy passed over. A spirit of strength.⁷
footnotes: ⁷ Targum renders ‘a spirit of prophecy.’
עֲבָדֶיךָ לְפָנֶיךָ. הִנֵּה עֲבָדֶיךָ לְפָנֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּ מִצְוֹתֶיךָ:
Your servants who are before you. Behold, your servants are before you, who will carry out your orders.
אֶחָד מֵהַנְּעָרִים. מְיֻחָד שֶׁבָּהֶם, דּוֹאֵג הָאֲדוֹמִי:
One of the youths. The special one, [i.e.,] Do'eg, the Edomite.⁸
footnotes: ⁸ See Maseches Sanhedrin 93b.
יוֹדֵעַ נַגֵּן. כָּל עַצְמוֹ נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהַכְנִיס עַיִן רָעָה שֶׁל שָׁאוּל בְּדָוִד, שֶׁיִּתְקַנֵּא בּוֹ:
Knows how to play. His entire intention was to induce Shaul's evil eye into Dovid, that he envy him.⁹
footnotes: ⁹ See Ibid., which states that it was Do’eg’s intention to arouse Shaul’s envy and therefore he gave Dovid excessive praise which was irrelevant to the position for which Shaul needed him. Do’eg neither described Dovid’s musical talents nor the instrument that he played.